江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语《Unit 3 Amazing people》词汇讲解2 牛津译林版必修2VIP

江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语Unit 3 Amazing people词汇讲解2 牛津译林版必修2I.词语辨析：1、with / by / in：均可解释为“用”，但有区别：with：指用“工具”e.g. Most of us write with our right handsYou can make some sentences with these words.by：指用“方式、手段”e.g. He makes a living by repairing bikes for passers-by.This car is made by hand. (手工的）She came here by bike, not by bus.in：指用“材料”。e.g. in cash, in letters, in wordse.g. He writes in ink while she writes in pencil.We express ourselves in English words.2、disturb / interruptdisturb：妨碍、打扰、扰乱、使心神不宁e.g. Loud noises will disturb our studies.Ill be very sorry if Im disturbing you.She was disturbed to learn about the bad errupt：打断、中断（工作、谈话或正在进行的事）e.g. Sorry to interrupt you, but I have sth important to tell you.We have to interrupt our work to discuss the problem.I dont like being interrupted while speaking.3、a great deal of / a good many / a lot of / scores of / dozens of / a large number of / numbers of / plenty of / a large amount ofa good many / scores of / dozens of / a large number of / numbers of：只用来修饰可数名词的复数。e.g. A good many students have seen the film already.Numbers of books have been donated to the orphan home.a great deal of 和a large amount of：均用来修饰不可数名词。e.g. A great deal of / a large amount of water is wasted.He has spent a great deal of / a large amount of money on the experiment.a lot of / lots of / plenty of：既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。e.g. a lot of / lots of / plenty of money / books / people / time / questions 注：many / some / several等数词，一般在它们后面直接接名词的复数形式。但假如后面的名词前使用了1）人称代词 2）指示代词 3）冠词，或者后面接的不是名词，而是代词，则必须在many / some / several后面用介词“of.”。Many of the students in our class are from town.Some of them have been to Beijing once or twiceII.重点词语和句型1、work as：充当、担任, = act ase.g. He worked as a commander during the war.She works as our English teacher.work on：从事、搞(具体的事）e.g. He works on the wall newspaper in our class.My mother is working on a news report these days.work at：在（地方）上班、从事（笼统的事）e.g. The scientist is working at a new invention.She is working hard at her lessons.work的短语：be at work：在工作、在运转；in work：有职业、有工作；off work：在休假、没去上班；out of work：失业中、没工作；set to work：开始工作2、marry：vt. 结婚、娶、嫁e.g. He married Mary last Summer and they are a nice couple.“Will you marry me, John?” Kate asked earnestly.注：指“结婚”这件事，我们用：get marriede.g. They got married five years ago and still have no child.The two will get married next spring.be married：（处于）已婚（状态）e.g. The old couple have been married for fifty years.Are you married or single?be/get married to sb.：娶、嫁了某人e.g. She was married to a rich young man.The young man got married to a rich lady years ago.marriage：婚姻e.g. Their marriage made their parents angry.3、contact：n. 接触、交往，与with连用。be in contact with：与有来往、有联系e.g. He is still in contact with his former wife.Are you still in contact with them?get in contact with sb.：与联系 = get in touch with sb.e.g. I have been trying to get in contact with him, but have failed so far.keep in contact with sb.：与保持联系 = keep in touch with sb.e.g. I have kept in contact with them for a long time.make contact with sb.：联络某人vt. contact sb.：与联系、联络e.g. How can I contact you when I arrive at the station?4、survive：vt. survive sth.：经历还活着、由中生还e.g. Only a two-year-old boy survived the car accident.Few houses in the area survived the hurricane.vt. survive sb.：比长寿、在失去之后还存在e.g. The little girl survived her parents.The rich man was survived by his wife and son.5、relate to：和有关e.g. Your words hardly relate to what we are discussing now.The report relates to the sale of the tall building.relate A to B：把A和B 联系起来。e.g. It is hard for us to relate Tom to such bad things.Can you relate what he said to what he did?be related to：和有关、有联系、有亲戚关系e.g. Are you related to the rich lady?The young girl is said to be related to the fire last night.The Blacks are related to the Smiths by marriage.related：相关的、有关系的e.g. He asked me some more questions related to the problem.relation：关系、亲戚e.g. Their relation appears to be quite slight.Whats the relation(ship) between you and that old man?maintain good relation with sb.：和保持良好关系e.g. They have maintained good relation with each other after graduation.in relation to：和联系起来（谈、讲）e.g. Prices are high in relation to my salary.He does a good job in relation to his age.relationship：关系e.g. Whats the relationship between you and that young lady?His relationship to his parents is a bit tense.relative：亲戚、相对的e.g. He is one of my relatives in the world.Nothing is fixed in the world, everything is relative.6、record：n.记录、唱片e.g. better a record：刷新纪录；beat / break a record：破纪录；establish / set up a new world record：创新的世界纪录I like to listen to record of pop songs.vt. 记录、记下、记载e.g. This tape recorder has recorded every thing you said just now.Many ancient books recorded that there were many things that happened in these places.7、inspire：vt. 鼓舞、鼓励 inspire sb. (to do sth.)e.g. What he said inspired us (to study even harder).Mothers encouraging eyes inspired me to try again.inspiring：鼓舞的、激励的e.g. His inspiring speech impressed us deeply.inspiration：给予激励的人或事His brother who is now studying in Qinghua University is a constant inspiration to him.8、apply：申请、运用、apply to sb. for sth.：向某人申请e.g. Have you apply to the school for a loan?The local government has applied to the federal government for help.Many people applied to the company for jobs.apply sth. to sth.：把运用于e.g. The nurse applied a bandage to my wound.This rule can be applied to many cases.We will apply the new technology to our work.apply oneself to sth：专心于、致力于e.g. As a student, you should apply yourself to study.application：运用、申请、使用e.g. We received many applications for the job.make an application to sb. for sth.9、in order：1）以次序、顺序e.g. in alphabetical order：按字母表顺序； in regular order = in usual order：按常规顺序； in the wrong order：次序错了； in chronological order：按年代顺序2）处于状态e.g. in good / bad orderin order：有次序的、井然有序的e.g. I like everything in order.out of order：杂乱的、有故障e.g. The whole class is out of order when I passed by.The machine is out of order and needs repairing.in order to：为了，后接动词原形。e.g. In order to catch the first bus, he got up 15 minutes earlier than usual.in order that：为了，后接句子。He took a train in order that he could save several hours.10、purpose：目的、目标e.g. achieve purpose：达到目的； answer / serve ones purpose：符合需要； carry out a purpose：实现目标； on purpose：故意的purpose doing / to do sth.：打算、意欲做e.g. They purposed building / to build a new bridge over the river.11、support：支撑、支持、抚养、证明e.g. Supported by his son, the old man came out of the room.Four pillars support the whole roof.My idea is supported by many people.He has a large family to support.A new fact supported my words.12、thanks to：由于、多亏e.g. Thanks to your generous help, we finished our work an hour earlier.Thanks to her efforts, the project will be a success.Thanks to the bad weather, we had to put off the sports meeting till next week.能解释“由于、多亏”的短语还有：due to, owing to, as a result ofe.g. He fell ill due to smoking heavily.Owing to the rain, the crops were saved.As a result of his hard work, he is admitted into Nanjing University this year.13、switch：vt. 使处于某位置、改变、摆动（尾巴）e.g. Switch this button to the “on” position, and the train will driveShe is always switching her jobs.The boy switched subjects many times, from maths to English, from English to physics and to maths again.The horse switched its tail to drive the flies away.switch to：转而讨论、转换到e.g. The speaker suddenly switched to his childhood.After this discussion, we will switch to the exercises.switch on：turn on； switch off：turn off14、courage：（uc.)勇气get up courage：鼓起勇气；lose courage：丧失勇气； recover courage：恢复勇气a man of courage：有勇气的人； have the courage to do sth：有做某事的勇气e.g. Do you have the courage to admit your mistakes?It takes courage and patience to do such things.c.f. encourage：鼓舞、激励encourage sb. to do sth.：鼓励某人做e.g. The good news encouraged us to go on with the experiment.encourage sb. in sth.：鼓励、助长（某人的）e.g. The teachers words encouraged me in my study.c.f. discourage：使气馁、使沮丧、使某人打消念头discourage sb (from doing sth.)e.g. The bad news discouraged us from going on with the work.His first failure almost discouraged him from being a singer.15、qualify：赋予（某人）资格、取得资格qualify sb. for / ase.g. The two-month training qualified him for the job / as a teacher of English.qualify for / as：有资格e.g. Did you qualify for the job? / as a teacher?qualify to do sth.：取得资格做e.g. He has qualified to be a teacher.Many students qualified to study at university.qualified：有资格的、适合的、称职的e.g. We all think he is a qualified teacher.be qualified for sth. / to do sth.：有资格做e.g. Do you think you are qualified for the job? / to do the job?qualification：资格、执照，have the qualification for sth. / to do sth.：由做的资格、执照e.g. Do you have the qualification for teaching English / to teach English?16、control：vt. 控制、克制e.g. control ones anger：控制愤怒； control oneself：抑制自己的情感n. 控制力、抑制力beyond control：无法控制； in control of：管理、掌握； in the control of：被控制； lose control of：失去对的控制； out of control：不受控制； take control of：控制、管理； under control：受控制、平静无事e.g. The fire was beyond control and so the building was burnt down.Mr. Black is in control of three factories.Now the company is in the control of a new manager.Soon the rider lost control of the horse and he was thrown onto the ground.It is said that the forest fire is now under control.17、conduct：n. 行为、操行a man of good conduct：品行端正的人；the rules of conduct：行为准则； foolish / sillyconduct：愚蠢的行为；strange conduct：奇怪的行为； shameful conduct：可耻的行为e.g. He was punished by his father because his conduct was too bad.vt. 指导、引导、指挥、进行conduct an experiment：做实验；conduct a meeting：开会；conduct ones job：做工作e.g. A boy conducted us to the station.18、once：1）一次e.g. I have never been to Beijing once.Maybe you can try to do it once or twice.2）曾经e.g. He once lived in a big city.Once there lived a poor fisherman by the river.3）一旦e.g. Once you grasp English, youll read many more books.Once you understand me, youll find Im a good friend.19、prove：vt. 证明1) prove sth.e.g. No one can prove his idea.The experiment again proved my theory.2) prove + that .e.g. The new evidence proved that I was right.How did you prove that he was the thief?3) prove sb. / sth (to be) + n. / adj.e.g. Time again proved his idea wrong.The footprint proved him (to be) the murderer.4) 作系动词用，后接形容词或名词e.g. His words proved (to be) wrong / right.The gentleman proved (to be) a robber by the of：证据 （proofs)e.g. The new proofs proved him innocent.20、manage1）经营、管理 （= run )e.g. This hotel is well managed.Now he is managing the factory for his father.2) 操纵、使用 （= operate )e.g. He knows how to manage a plane.He is young, but he can manage the car.Its hard for you to manage a motor bike in such a strong wind.3) （与can连用）设法做好、想办法做成 manage sth. / manage to do sth.e.g. The box is heavy, but I can manage it / to carry it.The fish is so big that I cant manage it / to eat it by myself.management：经营、管理e.g. The management of the factory is quite good.III. 巩固练习：1、It is said that the whole car is made _ hand.A. byB. withC. inD. for2、The quiet night was _ at mid-night by the sudden accident.A. disturbedB. interruptedC. troubledD. broken3、_ the books were burnt in the fire, which was a pity.A. A good manyB. A great deal ofC. A number ofD. Dozens4、She is here working _ an interpreter in the company.A. onB. asC. atD. in5、Her parents _ her _ the man three years ago.A. got married to B. married with C. married to D. got married . with6、How long have you _ contact with them?A. gotB. been inC. keptD. made7、The report _ pollution by Mr. Cross is reliable.A. is related toB. related toC. being related toD. relating to8、With a boy _ him, the wounded man struggled to stand up.A. supportedB. to supportC. supportingD. supports9、Mr. Wang is a _ teacher. His classes are lively and interesting.A. qualifyingB. qualificationC. qualityD. qualified10、The idea in the article _ helpful to us.A. provesB. is provedC. being provedD. Both A and B11、 I didnt think you liked tea. I _ but I _ now.A. didnt; can B. did; can C. usednt to; do D. used to; do12、 _ at the door before entering, please.A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock13、They considered _ a computer, which is considered _ a great help in their work.A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be14、It is said that in the college one student _ four _ from foreign countries,A. of ; is B. or ; are C. in ; is D. in ; are15、Scientific experiments _ out by students without the teachers instructions can be dangerous.A. will be carried B. carried C. be carried D. to carry16、The talk _ by the teacher sounded _ .A. given; encourage B. giving; encouragingC. giving; encouraged D. given; encouraging17、 Do you feel like _ out for a walk? No. Id like _ my lessons at home.A. going; to do B. to go; to do C. to go; doing D. going; doing18、 You dont need _ your pen washed, do you? No, it writes smoothly and doesnt need _A. having; washing B. to have; washingC. having; to be washed D. to have; being washed19、The book is worthy _ means The book is worth _ .A. of reading; reading B. to be read; being readC. of being read; being read D. to be read; reading20、People used to _ clothes of cotton and wool, but now more and more other materials are used to _ clothes as well,A. make; making B. make; make C. making; making D. making; make完型填空Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do, be, and _21_ everything you want in life. _22_ just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.Successful people _23_ how their life should be and set lots of goals. By setting goals you are _24_ your life. Its like having a _25_ to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are _26_ drivers. One has a destination (her goal) in mind which can be found in a map. She can drive straight there without any _27_ time or wrong turns. The other driver has no goal ot destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place _28_ the first driver, _29_ she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just _30_ gas. Which driver do you want to be?Winners in life set goals and follow them out. They _31_ what they want in life and then get there by making _32_ and setting goals. _33_ people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren