名词性从句(4)

Nounclauses,必修三,Period3GrammarNounClauses,_叫名词性从句(NounClauses）名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任_、_、_、_等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为_、_、_和_。_叫宾语从句。,在复合句中起名词作用的从句,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句用作宾语的,ObjectClauses宾语从句,M3U3Grammar,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,什么是宾语？,Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydontyoupayattentiontome?,宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后,一.宾语从句的连接词,连词,连接代词,连接副词,that,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,whichever,when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuch,howoften,e.g.Ihear(that)_.Hesaid(that)_.Theteachertoldus(that)_.,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmoves,aroundthesun,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.1.Tomhastoldme(that)hewillgotoshanghaitomorrowandthathewontgotomyhome.2.Hesaid(that)hehadeatennothingforalongtimeandthathewasveryangry.,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中往往省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省.,1.Heasked_.2.Doyouknow_?3.Heasked_.4.Doyouknow_?5.Pleasetellme_.6.Canyoutellme_?7.Couldyoutellme_?,whocouldanswerthequestion,whomtheyarewaitingfor,whosebikewasthebestintheclass,whenwellhaveameeting,whereheis,howIcangettothestation,whythetrainislate,由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,宾语从句三要素,时态,Summary(小结）,引导词（连接词）,语序,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,Practice,6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo,B,C,D,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.,Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.,Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?,Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.,Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.,Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.,6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?10.WhereisTom?Theyasked.,Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.,CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?,Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?,TheyaskedwhereTomwas.,Jimaskedifshewasdoingherhomework.,常见的系动词分为三种：,A表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等,B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等,C表示某种状态的：remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等,二.表语从句表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后,三.主语从句,主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句。,1)Thatshelefthimhurtshimsomuch.2)Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.3)Whatweneedismorepractice.4)Whenwewillbeginthemeetingisunderdiscussion.,*that只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。,*whether是否，表不确定的事情(不能用If）,*what在从句中作主语,*When在从句中作状语,*_(他是否要来)isnotyetknown.*_(他想告诉我们什么)isnotclear.*_(谁会赢得这场比赛)isstillunknown.*_(你错过了这次机会)isapity.=Itis_.,Exercise1:,Whetherhewillcomeornot,Whathewantstotellus,Whowillwinthematch,Thatyoumissedthechance,apitythatyoumissedthechance,注意:由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面,1.Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible._2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural._,*it为形式主语,Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.,Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat.遗憾的是Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识*_(很遗憾)welostthematch.*_(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.,Itisapitythat,Itisafactthat,2)Itis+adj.+从句Itscertainthat肯定Itispossiblethat.很可能Itisunlikelythat.不可能Itisobviousthat很明显Itisnecessaryimportantnatural.that*_(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.,+(should)+do,Itispossiblethat,Itisobviousthat,3)It+不及物动词+从句Ithappenedthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起*_(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*_(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.,Ithappenedthat,Itoccurredtomethat,4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat.据说Itisknowntoallthat.众所周知Itisreportedthat.据报道Itisbelievedthat.据信;人们相信Itissuggestedthat+(should）do.建议Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认Itcannotbedeniedthat不可否认Itmustbepointedoutthat需指出的是*_(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*_(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.,Itisreportedthat,Itissuggestedthat,四.同位语从句,同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语的名词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。大多数同位语从句由从属连词that(whether,how,when,where,why)引导（不能省略）,常跟以下抽象名词后,fact/news/idea/reason/hope/belief/truth/dream/problem/advice/suggestion/thought/order/doubt/answer/reply,1.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.2.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome.3.HeoftenasksmethisquestionwhenTomwillcomebackfromAmerican.,Appositiveclause同位语从句:,1.Theidea_computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibility_themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.Ihavenoidea_(他去了哪里）4.Theyarethinkingaboutthequestion_(怎么能够赢得)thecompetition.5.Pleasetellusthetruth_(谁为我们做的）.,that,that,howthey,whodidthatforus,wherehehasgone,Exercise4:,couldwin,1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.*(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分,但不能省略)2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.*(定语从句,起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，that在从句中作told的宾语,可以省略),注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),注意1：that/what的辨用,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.4.Hetoldus_hefeltill.5.Theresultis_wewonthegame.6.Thisis_wewanttoknow.7.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact_sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.,What,That,what,what,what,（that）,（that）,that,Rules,1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用2.what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。,注意2：whether与if的辨用,1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idontknowwhether/ifitisrightornot.,Rules,1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whetherornot和whethertodo中whether不能换成if,Pickuponenumberandfinishthetaskinit,thenyoucangetsomepoints.,GameTime!,1.Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.,判断：名词性从句定语从句,名词性从句,定语从句,10,ThenewsthatLiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesBroughtChinesegreathappiness.,News,broughtChinesegreathappiness.,LiuXiang,the110hurdles,Makeasentence,30,1.Idoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idontdoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.,whether/if,that,10,Correctornot?,*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.,.beheldhasntbeenknownyet.,Payattention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,10,判断：名词性从句定语从句,1.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.2.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.,名词性从句,定语从句,10,thecatdo,made,Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry.,What,cry,Makeasentence,30,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet.2.Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause,ThefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,20,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.2._weshallattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,10,Translatethesentence,*_(他们很需要帮助)isquiteclear.,Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelp,20,dontkonw,whatdo,wherego,Themandoesntknowwhereheshouldgoandwhatheshoulddo.,Makeasentence,30,1.DotheyspeakEnglish?2.Wewanttoknow,Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause,Wewanttoknowif/whethertheycanspeakEnglish.,20,Correctornot?,Payattention:在此宾语从句中，it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句,Ithinkitworthwhilethat.,*Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.,10,1.Thenews_wewonthecompetitionisveryencouraging.2.Ihavenoidea_hashappenedtohim.,用thatwhat填空,what,that,10,*Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,Payattention:名词性从句的语序用陈述语序,Correctornot?,whenhewillgotothelibrary.,10,用that和what填空Hisfatherissatisfiedwith_hehasdone.Thereasonwas_Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundbank-note.,what,that,10,talkabout,theuseofcellphone,Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.,Makeasentence,30,*Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Correctornot?,Whetherwewill.decidedyet.,Payattention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether,不能用if,10,1.Theproblemhasbeensolved.2.Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm?,Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause,Theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved.,20,Translatethesentence,*Itisknowntous_(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家).,howMarkTwainbecameagreatwriter,20,Correctornot?,Payattention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！由demand,order,require,insist,suggest,advise等引导的宾语从句，或由demand,order,suggestion等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用should+do的形式,Itissuggestedthatweshouldputoff.,*Itissuggestedthatwewouldputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.,10,report,getthehighestpoints,matchItisreportedthatYaoMinggotthehighestpointsinthematch.,Makeasentence,30,Correctornot?,Payattention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在Itisnecessaryimportantnatural.that句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do的形式,Itisimportantthatweshouldfinish.,*Itisimportantthatwewillfinishtheworkontime.,10,Correctornot?,Payattention:由reason做主语的表语从句只能用that来引导。,Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewas.,*Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehewascaughtinatrafficjam.,10,Correctornot?,Payattention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,Whatshewantstoknowis.,*Thatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.,10,Correctornot?,Payattention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that不能省略。,Thathewillgiveup,*Hewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.,10,Translatethesentence,*_（她是否出席会议）isnotcertain.,Whethershewillattendthemeeting,20,Itmakestheteacherangrythatthechilddoesntknowtheanswer.,teacherangry,Dontknowtheanswer,Makeasentence,30,Correctornot?,Payattention:同位语从句的that不能省略。,Heexpressedhishopethathewould.,*HeexpressedhishopehewouldvisitChinaagain.,10,*Thequestion_(谁将取代Tom的位子)needsconsidering.,Translatethesentence,whowilltakeTomsplace,20,allwindowsbroken,Ownerangry,Pedestrian(行人）,reportallwindowsbrokenownerofthebuilding,angry,happen,bringhimgreattroublepolicemancomeinvestigatewhowhyPedestriantelldontknowwhohearthesoundamanranaway,Describethestoryanduseasmanynounclausesasyoucan.,高考链接,1.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.(2003北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited,A,解析：这是由what引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。,A,3.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why,解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成Ittakessth.todosth.的句型。答案为A。,A,4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that,解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。,A,学习名词性从句应注意的几个问题:一.引导词1.what与that,that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以表示“的话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度”等内容。,例3.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter_seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which,2.whether与if的区别Iwonder_hehaspassedtheexam.Itdependson_themangerwillagreetotheplan.Idontknow_hewillcomeornottonight._hewillwinthegameisnotyetknown.Thequestionis_hecandoitasafavor.Theproblem_weneedmoretimehasnotbeensolved.,whether/if,whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,Pleasetellme_togoornot.,whether,2.whether与if的区别,whether与if当“是否”讲时，在引导宾语从句（但是介词后面的宾语从句;后面跟ornot连用;后紧跟动词不定式todo时除外）两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时通常只能用whether,而不能用if。考例4:Wehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.（06年江苏卷第35题）A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,3.what,who,which等疑问词与“疑问词+ever”_canworkoutthisproblemisnotknown._canworkoutthisproblemwillbepraised.Ibelieve_hesaidjustnow._hesays,Iwontbeangry.,=Nomatterwhathesays,Iwontbeangry.WhoshouldIgivetheprizeto？To_canworkouttheproblemAwhoeverBWhoCnomatterwhoDwhomever,Who,Whoever,what,Whatever,A,3.what,who,which等疑问词与“疑问词+ever”,考例5:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.（07年宁夏卷例题）A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,小结：Whatever表示“无论什么”,相当于anythingthat，属于泛指；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,属于特指。,小结：,3.what,who,which等疑问词与“疑问词+ever”,考例6:makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（06年辽宁卷第30题）A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever,whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyonewho/thosewho，表示“无论谁”；而who表示“谁”。whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anythingthat，表示“无论什么”，而what表示“的话（东西、人、时间、地点、速度等）”。,小结：,二.语序问题WhateverIhavedoneisonlyforyou.Ididntknowwhatwasthematterwithher.Idontthinkyouareright.Whodoyousuggest(should)besentthere?,三.时态在动词suggest,insist,order,advise,require等后的宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气.Theteachersuggestwe(should)carryouttheexperimentintime.Iinsistthatyou(should)bethereontime.,2.在advice,suggestion,order等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中谓语也用虚拟语气Hisadviceisthatwe(should)gotothecinematonight.Theorderthatthework(should)bestartedatoncehasbeengiven.,3.时态一致原则,Theteachertoldusthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)翻译：父亲许诺如果我通过考试他将给我买俩车。,travels,FathermadeapromisethatifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuyacarforme.,四.主谓一致问题1.Whathesaid_true.2.WhatIbought_threeEnglishbooks3.Whenandwherehewasborn_notbeenfoundout.4.Whenhewasbornandwherehewasborn_notbeenfoundout.5.Whereandwhentoholdthemeeting_beendecided.,is,are,has,have,在含有一个主语从句的主从复合句中，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。,在关系代词what引导的主语从句后，谓语动词的数要根据句意而定。,hasnt,小结：,五.it充当形式主语或形式宾语1._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage(95)AThereBThisCThatDIt2._isknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth(2001)AItBAsCThatDWhat3.Illmakeknowntoallthatyouwerenothonest.,it,六，某些固定搭配或句型Idoubtwhether/Idontdoubtthat2.ThereisnodoubtthatThereisnochance/possibilitythatItisnowonderthat3.ThereasonisthatThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatImissedthetrain.4.ImsurethatImnotsurewhether,whether,if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:当“是否”讲时，whether与if引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义；而that引导的名词性从句表示肯定意义。,小结：,II.Choosethebestanswer,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,II.Choosethebestanswer,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which,Thephotographswillshowyou_A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,2.Heasked_foraviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcom