高级英语第二册Lesson 1.ppt

LessonOne,PubTalkandtheKingsEnglishbyHenryFairlie,TeachingPoints,I.BackgroundInformationII.IntroductiontothePassageIII.TextAnalysisIV.RhetoricalDevicesV.QuestionsforDiscussion,Title:PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish,Itmeansaninterestingpubtalkcenteredaroundthemeaningofthephrase,“theKingsEnglish”.pubtalk:conversationheldinpublichouse.KingsEnglishorQueensEnglish:SupposedlycorrectorstandardEnglish(especiallyBritishEnglish)astogrammarandpronunciation,socalledfromthenotionofroyalsanction.Whentherulingmonarchisaqueen,itiscalled“theQueensEnglish”.,I.BackgroundInformation,1.AnIntroductionofEnglish2.BritishPubs3.TheWashingtonPost4.OtherGreatWritersAppearingintheText5.TheAuthor,I.BackgroundInformation,1.AnIntroductionofEnglish,ABriefHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage,ThreePeriodsofEnglish,古英语时期：OldEnglish(450-1100A.D.)中古英语时期：MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)现代英语时期：ModernEnglish(1500-)-早期现代英语时期:EarlyModernEnglish(1500-1700)-后期现代英语时期:LateModernEnglish(1700-present)（在讲英语的三个发展时期之前，我们有必要先说说Indo-EuropeanLanguage）,Indo-EuropeanLanguage,1786年英国梵文学者威廉琼斯爵士(WilliamJones)发表了他在语言学领域里的惊人的发现：梵文Sanskrit和希腊语Greek、拉丁语Latin是同源的。这三种语言都是从原始的印欧语(Indo-Europeanparentlanguage)演变来的。,6000-5000B.C.,nomadictribes(游牧部落)liveinnorth-centralEurope.About3000B.C.,thesenomadictribes(游牧部落)begantoemigrate(开始迁徒).Eastward/Southward:IndiaandPakistan-产生了古印度语(梵文Sanskrit)Westward：Britain(westcoast;Scotland);Scandinavia(Denmark/Norway/Sweden)-dialectsofGermaniclanguage(日耳曼语的各种方言),Fromabout750B.C.and500B.C.，theCeltictribes(fromEurope)begantosettleinBritain.Celts(凯尔特人)-Celtic(凯尔特语)-Welsh(威尔士语)；Gaelic(盖尔语-苏格兰英语Scots),TheRomanOccupation（55B.C.-410）-55B.C.,RomaninvasionofBritainbyJuliusCaesar(尤里乌斯凯撒)-43B.C.,Romaninvasionandoccupation.BeginningofRomanruleofBritain.-410A.D.,RomanpowerinBritaincollapsed.-436A.D.,RomanwithdrawalfromBritaincomplete.,OldEnglish(450-1100AD),About449,SettlementofBritainbyGermanictribes(theAngles盎格鲁人/theSaxons萨克逊人/theJutes朱特人)Anglo-SaxonsocietyAllkindsofGermanicdialectsformedAnglo-Saxon（盎格鲁-萨克逊语）-OldEnglish,后来theAngles盎格鲁人数最多，不列颠群岛遂以盎格鲁Englaland称之。“English”的来源（古英语拼法“Englisc”）-The“Engl-“partofthewordcomesfromthewordAngles.-The“-isc”partmeans“belongingto”.-ThewordEnglishmeans“thelanguagethatbelongstotheAngles.”“England”(英国)来自于古英语Engla-land(意为landoftheAngles,盎格鲁人之地),OldEnglish(450-1100AD),Anglo-Saxon（盎格鲁-萨克逊语）Vocabulary:sheep/ox/earth/wood/field/work/laughter,TwoInfluencesonEnglish:,(1)TheLatininfluence(拉丁影响)a)GermanicTribes(Anglo-Saxon)/Roman日尔曼部族在入侵不列颠之前就已经和罗马人有所接触,其语言中也就有了许多拉丁词汇,如strata(street),vallum(wall)等,b)Christianity(基督教)早期借词，跟教会宗教有关公元597年，一个名叫奥古斯丁Augustine的牧师从罗马来到英国传教。罗马文化随着基督教传入了英国。与此同时，一批拉丁词进入了英语。如:angel(天使),disciple(门徒，信徒),martyr(殉难者)。,c)公元16世纪以后晚期借词，多半是书面语WilliamCaxton(威廉卡克斯顿、英国印刷商、翻译家)EuropeanRenaissance（文艺复兴）e.g:capsule胶囊，密封小容器；habitual惯常的；catastrophe大灾难；thermometer温度计；科技发展带来：video/television/cyberspace,(2)斯堪的纳维亚影响(TheScandinavianinfluence)VikingsfromScandinavia(北欧海盗)-OldNorse(挪威人)大约公元9世纪，英国遭到斯堪的那维亚人的大规模入侵,其中尤以丹麦人为甚。丹麦国王卡纽特Knut还一度成为英国的君主。斯堪的那维亚人和英国人频繁交往，所以有许多斯堪的那维亚各国的词语进入了英语。如sister,sky，skirt,skill,skin.,MiddleEnglish(1100-1500),诺曼征服(NormanConquest)以诺曼底公爵威廉（约10281087）为首的法国封建主对英国的征服。公元1066年，诺曼人在征服者威廉率领下，横渡英吉利海峡，在哈斯丁战役中击溃了盎格鲁-萨克森军队，英王哈罗德战死，英国被征服。这在历史上被称为诺曼征服。,1066-1200法语French成了英国上层社会日常交流的语言kingly-royal/sovereigncattle/sheep/pigbeef/mutton/pork1200-1500英语地位的恢复和再确立(10,000“borrowed”Frenchwords),ModernEnglish(1500-),(1)早期现代英语时期:EarlyModernEnglish(1500-1700)早期现代英语时期，对英语词汇的影响最大的是文艺复兴运动。14世纪开始，意大利文艺复兴（Renaissance）在这一时期，强调研究古代希腊、罗马文化，以对抗中世纪的封建文化。,在文艺复兴（Renaissance）时期英国出了三个大诗人和文学家：（伊丽莎白时代）埃德蒙斯宾塞（EdmundSpenser1552-1599.1.13）莎士比亚（WilliamShakespeare，1564.4.23-1616.4.23）（清教徒革命时期）弥尔顿(JohnMilton，1608.12.9-1674.11.8)。,希腊和拉丁语词进入英语后（1）有的保留了原来的形式，如climax（高潮）；appendix（阑尾；附录）；exterior【外部（的），外观（的）】；axis（轴）；（2）有的失去了词尾，如（扩号内为拉丁语）,consult（咨询）(consultare)；exclusion（排斥）(exclusioneum)；exotic（奇异的，异国情调的）(exoticus)；（3）还有的改变了词尾，使之更适合英语的形式，如形容词词尾-us变成了-ous或变成-al，名词词尾-tas变为-ty。,ModernEnglish(1500-),（2）后期现代英语时期：LateModernEnglish(1700-present)经过1640年英国资产阶级革命和其后的工业革命，英帝国开始向外扩张，与世界各地的交往日趋频繁，全球各地的语言都有语汇进入了英语。例如：harem(波斯语，商队)，bazaar(波斯语，市场)，shawl(波斯语，披肩)，kiosk(土耳其语，凉亭)，coffee(土耳其语)，nabob(印地语，大富翁)，soy(日语，酱油)，orang-outang(马来语，猩猩)，paddy(马来语，稻)。,特别是法语，由于与英国一直保持着密切关系，法语词仍然源源不断地传入英语。1660年英国王朝复辟,社会风气十分奢靡,王室贵族崇尚法国文化,以说法语为时髦风雅,大批军事、外交、艺术、饮食方面的词汇被英国吸收。如:government,empire,royal,majesty,duke,painting,ballet,cartoon,fry,beef,等。,这一时期传入英语的法语词很多保留了法语在发音和拼写上的特征，如：protg被保护人，chaise两轮马车，clich陈词滥调，enroute在途中。,BritishEnglish英国英语（BrE）blackhole(黑洞);cinerama(全景电影);spacewalk(太空行走);taikonaut(太空人)以示区别astronaut(宇航员)2)在旧词的基础上,自由地运用词缀,或者运用拼缀法(blending)和逆生法(backformation)来创造新词defrost(除霜),racist(种族主义者),smog(烟雾)来自于smoke(烟)和fog(雾),3、美国英语对多民族语言的吸收1)对印第安语的吸收(AmericanIndian),如:moose(驼鹿)skunk(臭鼬)chipmunk(金花鼠)raccoon(浣熊)opossum(负鼠)squash(西葫芦)wigwam(棚屋)sachem(酋长),wampum(贝壳串珠)tomahawk(石斧),2)对荷兰语言的吸收历史上荷兰殖民者曾在北美大陆称霸一方,后来又有为数甚多的荷兰人定居美国,各种生活用语进入美国英语中如食品类词汇:coleslaw(夹心菜丝)cookie(甜点心)cruller(油煎饼)potcheese(瓷装干酪)waffle(蛋奶烘饼)农场与建筑物：haybarrack(草屋)stoop(走廊)sawbuck(锯木架)还有一些社会属性词汇,如：boss(工头)patron(大庄园主)yankee(新英格兰人,美国佬),3)对德语的吸收德裔美国人是美国当今最大的民族群体之一据估计,每四个美国人中就有一名是德裔德裔的不少文化特征都变成了美国生活的一般特征牛肉香肠,汉堡包,啤酒都已成为美国生活方式的必备之物如:beersoup(啤味汤)blutwurst(黑香肠)diener(实验室助手)semester(学期)seminar(研讨会)hex(符咒)katzenjammer(醉汉)wunderkind(神童)zinc(锌),4、美国英语对俚语的广泛使用不同的社会群体往往有自己特定的生活圈,因此不同的阶层和地区有各自不同的俚语,如:大学生俚语(collegeslang)Heisjustabooker.(Hestudiestoomuch.)Youareoutofyourtree.(Youareoutofmind.)Watchit!Youmightrattlethetroops.(Dontupsetyourparents.),Conclusion：美国人求新求奇,乐于试验创造;而英国人倾向于遵守传统的格式,力求保持统一的规范这也许是英美两国不同的民族精神在语言运用上的态度和实践差异的反应,也是同宗语言在不同地域的形成变体的主因在整个现代英语的发展过程中,美国英语和英国英语是相互影响,相互促进的,总的看来美国英语对英国英语的影响是主要的,2.BritishPubA）OverviewofBritishpubs,Pubistheshortformforpublichouse.ForthosewhowanttosampleacentralpartofBritishlifeandculture,pubisthebestplacetogo.Pubcultureisdeisgnedtopromotesociability.Pubsareplaceswherepeoplemeetfriendsandenjoythemselves.,Thepublichouse-knownasthepuborthelocal-isacentreofsociallifeforalargenumberofpeopleinBritain.Pubs,besidesofferingawidevarietyofalchholicandnon-alcoholicdrinksandprovidinghotandcoldfood,serveasplacesformeetingfriendsandentertainment.Manyhave,forinstance,televisionsets,amusementmachinesandjuke-boxesandprovidefacilitiesforplayingdarts,billiards,dominoesandsimilargames.Somealsoemploymusiciansforeveningentertainment,suchaspianoplaying,folksingingandmodernjazz.,Thereareapproximately60,000publichousesintheUnitedKingdom,withoneinalmosteveryvillage.Inmanyplaces,especiallyinvillages,apubcanbethefocalpointofthecommunity,playingasimilarroletothelocalchurchinthisrespect.,B）Somethingrelatedtopubs,BritishPub,1.Youhavetobe18yearsoldtoorderadrinkinapub.Somepubswillallowpeopleover14yearsoldtogoinsideiftheyarewithsomeonewhoisover18,buttheyarenotallowedtogotothebarortohaveanalcoholicdrink2.OpenTime:SUMMER:Mon-Sat:12-11;Sun:12-10:30;WINTER:Mon-Sat:5-11;Sun:12-10:30,3.Mostpubshavenowaiters-youhavetogotothebartobuydrinks.AgroupofItalianyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetchtheirown.Thismaysoundinconvenient,butthereisahiddenpurpose.4.Pubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilityinasocietyknownforitsreserve.Standingatthebarforserviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved.ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritishIslesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandreallyquitenormalbehaviour.,BritishPub,5.PintofEnglishBitter(苦啤酒)BitteristraditionalBritishbeer(alsoknownasale).Itisquitestrongandleavesabittertasteinyourmouthafterdrinking.Itisusuallyservedatroomtemperature.-Lightales(ormildbrews),containfewerhops(啤酒花)andarelessalcoholic.淡啤酒-Strongaleshaveahighalcoholiccontentandastrongflavour.,BritishPub,6.WineWineisanincreasinglypopulardrinkintheUK.-housewine(redorwhite).CiderisatraditionalEnglishalcoholicdrinkmadefromapples.WhiskyisastrongdrinkproducedinScotlandandinIreland.,Drinks,7.DrinksInsummertimeapopulardrinkisPimmsandlemonade.ThisisatraditionalcocktailofeitherPimmsNumber1(basedongin)orPimmsNumber6(basedonvodka)togetherwithice,citrusfruits(lemon/orange/lime)andlemonade/gingerale.,8.CheesethosearehisfriendsAthos,Porthos,andAramis,inseparablefriendswholivebythemotto“allforone,oneforall”.（人人为我，我为人人.）,主人公达尔大尼央是一个外省的贵族子弟达达尼昂(有音译为达尔大尼央)，来到巴黎后加入了国王路易十三的火枪队，并与另外三个火枪手结成了莫逆之交。王后安娜与英国首相白金汉有私情，安娜送了一串钻石坠子给白金汉；而与王后为敌的首相黎塞留却派人去英国偷得坠子上的两颗钻石，想使王后在舞会上出丑。达达尼昂自告奋勇与三位朋友一起去英国，几经周折终于取回坠子，保住了王后的名节。,三个火枪手大仲马（1802-1870）,Dumas,OneofthemostfamousFrenchwritersofthe19thcentury.DumasisbestknownforthehistoricalnovelsTheThreeMusketeersandTheCountofMonteCristo,bothwrittenwithinthespaceoftwoyears,1844-45,andwhichbelongtothefoundationworksofpopularculture.Allforone,oneforall,thatisourdevice.(fromTheThreeMusketeers),(3)ThomasDekker,(c.1572August25,1632)wasanElizabethandramatistandpamphleteer,aversatileandprolificwriterwhosecareerspannedseveraldecadesandbroughthimintocontactwithmanyoftheperiodsmostfamousdramatists.LittleisknownofDekkersearlylifeororigins.Fromreferencesinhispamphlets,DekkerisbelievedtohavebeenborninLondonaround1572,butnothingisknownforcertainabouthisyouth.HislastnamesuggestsDutchancestry,andhiswork,someofwhichistranslatedfromLatin,suggeststhatheattendedgrammarschool.Publications:TheshoemakersHoliday,theSevendeadlySinsofLondon,TheGullshandbook,etc.,HenryJonesFairlie(13January1924London,England-25February1990Washington,D.C.)wasaBritishpoliticaljournalistandsocialcritic.,5.TheAuthor,Whatmadehimnoted?,Hehascoinedtheterm“theEstablishment”,ananalysisofhow“alltherightpeople”cametorunBritainlargelythroughsocialconnections.Hespent36yearsasaprominentfreelancewriteronbothsidesoftheAtlantic,appearinginTheSpectator,TheNewRepublic,TheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorkerandmanyotherpapersandmagazines,theEstablishment,Thepeopleinasocietyoraprofessionwhohaveinfluenceandpowerandwhousuallydonotsupportchange.（通常反对变革的）当权派，（统治）权威人士,Mostwidelyheldworks,1.TheLifeofPolitics2.TheKennedyPromise3.TheSpoiledChildoftheWesternWorld4.TheParties5.TheSevenDeadlySinsToday6.BitetheHandThatFeedsYou(恩将仇报),II.IntroductiontothePassage,1.Typeofliterature:apieceofexpositorywriting2.Thepurposeofapieceofexpositorywriting:toinformorexplain3.Waysofdevelopingapieceofexposition:bycomparison,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,analysis,definition,etc.4.Thethesis:astatementofthecentralthoughtorofhispurposeherethethesisliesintheopeningsentence:Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.,II.IntroductiontothePassage,1.Typeofliteratureapieceofexposition,II.IntroductiontothePassage,2.ThethesisThethesisisexpressedintheopeningsentence“Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities”.,II.IntroductiontothePassage,3.ThemainideaGeneraldiscussiononwhatmakesgoodconversationThewriterfeelsthatbarconversationinapubhasacharmofitsownandillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKingsEnglish”.,II.IntroductiontothePassage,4.Whatmakesagoodconversation?Agoodconversationdoesnotreallystartfromanywhere,andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgo.Agoodconversationisnotformakingapoint.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.,II.IntroductiontothePassage,5.Seeminglylooseorganizationa.-titleb.-transitionalparagraphc.-digression偏离主题Ifyoudigress,youmoveawayfromthesubjectyouaretalkingorwritingaboutandtalkorwriteaboutsomethingdifferentforawhile.,ThetitleofthetextPubTalkandtheKingsEnglish,Thetitleofthispieceisnotwellchosen.ItmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandtheKingsEnglish.Whereasthewriter,inreality,isjustdiscussingonwhatmakesgoodconversation.,b.Transitionalparagraph,Para.5isatransition.Fromherethewriterpassesfromageneraldiscourseongoodconversationtoaparticularinstanceofit.,c.Digression,-Hisreflectionsonthehistoryandmeaningof“theKingsEnglish”-Hislovefordictionariesandthesalonsof18thcenturyParis,II.IntroductiontothePassage,6.Highlyinformallanguage-abundanceofsimpleidiomaticexpressions-copiousliteraryandhistoricalallusions-mixedmetaphorsliteraryandhistoricalallusions-descendantsofconvicts-Saxonchurls-Normanconquerors-musketeersofDumas,A.EffectiveWritingSkills1.deliberatelywritingthisessayinaconversationalstyletosuitthetheme2.makingeffectiveuseofspecificverbsB.Useofsynonyms1.ignorant;illiterate;uneducated;unlearned2.jeer;scoff;sneer;gibe;flout,RhetoricalDevices,1.metaphor2.mixedmetaphor:acombinationoftwoormoredifferentmetaphors,oftenproducingasillyorhumorouseffect:3.parison,7.Idiomaticphrases,1.Theirmarriagemaybeontherocks(P.3)2.Theygotoutofbedonthewrongside(P.3)3.Theconversationwasonwings(P.8)4.TheNormanlordsofcourseturneduptheirnosesatit(P.10),7.Idiomaticphrases,5.WeoughttothinkourselvesbackintotheshoesoftheSaxonpeasant(P.11)6.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown(P.13)7.Wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase(P.18),Synonyms,ignorant:Lackingeducationorknowledge,generalorsomeparticularsubjectilliterate:Unabletoreadandwrite.uneducated:lackingformalorsystematiceducatione.g.Hisbrilliantthoughuneducatedmind.unlearned:Lackinglearning,notacquiredbytrainingorstudying,anunlearnedresponse.,ignorant-无知,Itimpliesalackofknowledge,eithergenerallyoronsomeparticularsubjectHesquiteignorant.YouknowImentirelyignorantaboutthesethings.,illiterate-缺乏文化修养,Withlittleornoeducationesp.unabletoreadandwriteThereisalargeilliteratepopulationinthecountryside.在农村文盲占多数人口。Heismusicallyilliterate.他缺乏音乐修养。,uneducated-,没有受到正规的系统教育ItimpliesalackofformalorsystematiceducationHesuneducatedenoughnottobeyoursecretary.,unlearned,Itsuggestsalackoflearning,espinaspecialfieldHewasunlearnedinthewaysoftheworld.他不通晓人情世故。Alawyerisnotunlearnedprofession.律师是一个需要学问的职业。,Groupsofsynonyms,JeerScoffSneerGibeflout,jeer,-侧重指用粗鲁的，侮辱性的言辞或粗俗的嘲笑来表示轻Itsuggestsopenlyinsulting,coarseremarksormockinglaughter.Thecrowdjeeredattheprisoners.,jeer,Theyjeeredattheproposalputforwardbythespeaker.Dontjeeratthemistakeormisfortunesofothers.不要嘲弄别人的错误或不幸。,scoff,-嘲弄，嘲笑，专对普遍被人们所信任崇拜或敬重的事物，冷嘲热讽speakingslightlyandwithderisionofsthusuallyaccordedhonor,reverenceorrespectbyother,scoff,Hescoffsanadvicegivenbyhiselders.他对长辈的劝告总是冷嘲热讽。Thosewhoscoffhistorywillbescoffedbyhistory.嘲弄历史的人们必将被历史所嘲弄。Theyscoffedathisferventpatriotism.炽热的爱国精神,sneer,-带有强烈的感情色彩，侧重于面部表情或语言中所含的轻蔑嘲笑之意sneercarriesamuchstrongerfeeling,asbyaderisionsmileorscornfulinsinuatingtoneofvoiceItsverydiscouragingtobesneeredatallthetime.成天受讥笑是很令人泄气的。,gibe,-不带恶意的取笑或捉弄人的笑骂ItimpliesatauntingormockingwithoutillwillMybrothergibedatmyeffortstopaintapicture.ItsunkindtogibeatanothersEnglish.,flout,-以不理不睬或视而不见的态度表示出轻视ItsuggestsatreatingwithcontemptShefloutedmyoffersofhelpandfriendship.她对我所提供的帮助与友情均嗤之以鼻。,8.Structuralanalysis,Part1Paras.1-2Thewriterputsforwardthethesis.Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.whatconversationisandwhatcharacteristicsofarealconversationare.,Part2Paras.3-5,focusonpubconversationwithacharmofitsownbygivingusspecificexampleofaconversation.,Part3Paras.6-11,anexampletosupportthethesisnofixedtopic-theKingsEnglish-Australia-Saxonchurls(农民)-thelanguagebarriersTheexamplehaswellexplainedwhereitscharmlies.,Part4Paras.12-19,moredigressions(whatthewriterthoughtaboutafterthebarconversationthenightbefore)Paras.12-15HegiveshispersonalreflectiononthehistoryandmeaningoftheKingsEnglishParas.16-19Bythementioningofdictionariesandsalonsof18thParis,herevealshisattitudetowardstheKingsEnglishAttitude:1)notultimatum2)slipsandslides,Part5Paras.20-21,ConclusionThosepeoplewhoruintheconversationbytryingtotalksensearejustlikechimpanzeeswhoarenotcapableofconversation.,Wordsandexpressions,1.meanderL3,P2n.漫步,弯曲,曲流ramblev.漫步,蜿蜒而流wanderaimlesslyoridlymeanderingadj.meanderern.Eg:Wemeanderedthelowerreachesoftheriver.2.ontherocksL5,P3adv.触礁,毁坏,破产ontherolls:在名单上ontherun:adv.跑着,逃跑,奔走,被通辑着onthespot:adv.当场,在危险中,处于负责地位,Wordsandexpressions,3.delveL9,P3v.钻研investigateforinformation;search;n.aholeorditchEg:Letsdelveintothissubject.4.recessL10,P3n.theinnerplace(墙壁等的)凹进处,休息,解隐窝vt.使凹进vi.休假,休息Eg:takeaten-minuterecess;intherecessoftheforest,Wordsandexpressions,5.alchemyL4,P4n.炼金术,魔力miraculouschangeofathingintosomethingbetteralchemicaladj.;alchemistn.6.churlL2,P8n.afarmlaborer;peasant农业工人,乡下人,粗野的人,吝啬鬼churlishadj.,Wordsandexpression,7.scamperL4,P10v.runorgohurriedlyorquickly奔跳;n.奔跑scamperabout:v.蹦蹦跳跳scamperoff:v.奔逃scamperthrough:v.浏览8.renderingL7,P10n.atranslation翻译,表现,描写,透视图,粉刷,表演,打底,复制图rendervt.呈递,归还,着色,汇报,致使,放弃,表演,实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳,粉刷,打底,Wordsandexpressions,eintouseL2,P12v.开始被使用comeintoview:v.看得见comeintowear:成为流行式样,风行,时兴comeintoseason:上市comeintoservice:投入使用10.“StrangeNewesletters”L3,P12Archaicspelling“StrangeNewsoftheInterceptingCertainLetters”,Wordsandexpressions,11.“thouclipsttheKingsEnglish”L5,P12MiddleEnglish:“youcliptheKingsEnglish”12.“thesinistercorridorofourage”L7,P18comparingthethingswedo,theroadwetravelinthisagetoacorridor.Inouragepeoplearetravelingalongasinisterroaddoingallkindsofevilthings.,Wordsandexpressions,13.bindL4,P20v.tieup绑,镶边,装订,凝固,约束binddown:捆,绑bindin:并合,组合bindup:v.包扎,装订bindupin:专心致力于,DetailedStudyoftheText,Thetitle:aninterestingpubtalkwhichcenteredaroundthemeaningofthephrase“theKingsEnglish”.pubtalk:conversationheldinpublichouse.KingsEnglish(orQueensEnglish):SupposedlycorrectorstandardEnglish(esp.BritishEnglish)astogrammarandpronunciation.,Para1Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities:Morethananyotherhumanactivity,conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable,pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.sociable:friendlyoragreeable;willingtotalkandengageinactivitieswithothers.eg.Beingasociableperson,Evalovesentertaining.TheSmithsareasociablefamily.asociableparty社交聚会,Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans.Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.(Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation).,Howeverintricatenameofconversation:intricate:verycomplicatedordetailed.eg.anintricatenetworkofcanals.Howeverintricate:nomatterhowintricatecommunicate:togiveorchangeinformation,signalsormessagesinanyway.deservethenameof:tohavetherighttobecalled;beworthyofthenameof,indulge:givewaytoonesowndesireeg.Dontindulgeyourselftoofreelywithliquors.indulgein:allowtoenjoy;becomeinvolvedineg.