Unit 9 How to Grow Old

新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）综合教程第六册(第2版)电子教案,上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海,Unit9HowToGrowOld,cover,Contentspage,Contents,LearningObjectivesPre-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancement,Objectives,LearningObjectives,Rhetoricalskill:metaphorKeylanguageonesownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatonesemotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andonesmindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.,DetailedReading,DR-p4-text,4.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigourfromitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlives,andifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoung,youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem,unlesstheyareunusuallycallous.Idonotmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthem,butonesinterestshouldbecontemplativeand,ifpossible,philanthropic,butnotundulyemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselves,buthumanbeings,owingtothelengthofinfancy,findthisdifficult.,DetailedReading,DR-p5-1-text,5.Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitful,anditisinthisspherethatthewisdombornofexperiencecanbeexercisedwithoutbeingoppressive.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakes,bothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyou,andbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterests,youmayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.,DetailedReading,DR-p5-2-text,Inthatcaseyoumustrealisethatwhileyoucanstillrenderthemmaterialservices,suchasgivingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpers,youmustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.,DetailedReading,DR-p6-1-text,6.Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofearthattheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatabjectandignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeitsoatleastitseemstomeistomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.,DetailedReading,DR-p6-2-text,Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariversmallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Themanwho,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdo,andcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.,DetailedReading,DR:p1Analysis,Paragraph1AnalysisInthisparagraphtheauthorbeginstheessaywithahumorousanswertothequestion“hownottogrowold”“tochooseyourancestorscarefully.”Thenhetellsussomeanecdotesaboutoneofhisancestorshismaternalgrandmother,whoenjoyedalonglifepartlybecauseshehadahealthyattitudetowardslife.,DetailedReading,DR:p2Analysis,Paragraph2AnalysisInthisparagraphtheauthorgivesusaverybriefdescriptionofhishealthylifestyle,whichreflectshisattitudetowardslife.,DetailedReading,DR:p3-4Analysis,Paragraphs3-4AnalysisAftertalkingabouthisancestorslongevityandhisownhealthylifestyle,theauthordirectshisdiscussiontothetwothingselderlypeopleshouldavoid,namelylivinginmemoriesandclingingtoyouth,whichareinterrelated,becauseundueabsorptioninthepastwouldinevitablyleadtoclingingtoyouth.,DetailedReading,DR:p5Analysis,Paragraph5AnalysisInthisparagraphtheauthorstressestheimportanceofdevelopingimpersonalinterests.Withsuchinterestsonewillhaveafulfillingoldagewithoutmakinghisgrown-upchildrenfeeloppressed.Otherwise,hewilleitherfeelemptyorundulyconcernhimselfwithhischildren.,DetailedReading,DR:p6Analysis,Paragraph6AnalysisThelastparagraphexpoundsonacorrectattitudetowardsdeathinoldage.Accordingtotheauthor,deathshouldnotbeanoppressiveproblemfor“anoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows.”Hecomparesoneslifetoariverthatwilleventuallybemergedwiththesea.Thismetaphorsuggeststhatdeathisinevitableand,moreimportant,itispartof“theuniversallife.”,DetailedReading,DR-Question-p1-1,DetailedReading,Paragraph1Questions1.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesaysthat“Butspeakingasoneoftheseventy-two,Ipreferherrecipe”?,Theauthormeansthatasoneofherseventy-twograndchildren,heprefersthewayshechosetodealwithbeingseparatedfromherfamilyforperiodsoftime.,DR-Question-p1-2,Paragraph1Questions2.How,accordingtotheauthor,canoneberelievedfromtheworryofaging?,DetailedReading,Accordingtotheauthor,ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandyouparticipateinactivitieswhichyouarestillcapableof,justashismaternalgrand-motherdid,youwillhavenotimetonoticethatyouaregrowingoldandthusyouwillhavenoreasontoworryaboutyouroldageandtheprobablebrevityofyourfuture.,DR-Question-p3-1,Paragraph3Questions1.Howcouldonegetoutofundueabsorptioninthepast?,DetailedReading,Togetoneselfoutofundueabsorptioninthepast,onemustdirectonesthoughttothefutureandtothethingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.,DR-Question-p3-2,DetailedReading,Paragraph3Questions2.How,accordingtotheauthor,shouldanelderlypersonshowhisconcernforhischildren?,Accordingtotheauthor,anelderlypersonshouldavoidshowingtoomuchinterestinhischildrenwhentheyaregrownupandwanttolivetheirownlives.Heshouldbethoughtfulandbereadytogivethemhelponlywhentheyneedit.,DR-Question-p4,Paragraph4QuestionHow,accordingtotheauthor,shouldanelderlypersonshowhisconcernforhischildren?,DetailedReading,Accordingtotheauthor,anelderlypersonshouldavoidshowingtoomuchinterestinhischildrenwhentheyaregrownupandwanttolivetheirownlives.Heshouldbethoughtfulandbereadytogivethemhelponlywhentheyneedit.,DR-Question-p5,Paragraph5QuestionWhat,accordingtotheauthor,should“thosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterests”realize?,DetailedReading,Accordingtotheauthor,thosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsshouldrealizethattheirundueinterestintheirchildrenisunwelcome,thoughtheir“materialservices”arestillappreciated.,DR-Question-p6,Paragraph6QuestionWhatisthebestwayforanoldpersontoovercomethefearofdeath?,DetailedReading,Firstofall,heshouldrealisethatdeathisinevitable.Thebestwaytoovercomethefearofdeathistodevelopstrongimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities,sothathewillpainlesslylosehisindividualbeing(i.e.hisego)andhislifewillbecomemergedintheuniversallife.,LPT-Althoughbothmymotherandmyfather,DetailedReading,“Althoughbothmyparentsdiedyoung,Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors.”,Paraphrase,Althoughbothmymotherandmyfatherdiedwhentheywerestillyoung,myotherancestorslivedlonglives.Heretheauthormeansthatgeneticallyhedidquitewell.,LPT-respect,DetailedReading,respectn.anaspectofsomething,e.g.,Inmostrespects,thenewfilmisbetterthantheoriginal.Thehouseisinafairlygoodconditionand,inthisrespect,contrastswiththerestofthestreetwhichisinastateofdisrepair.,LPT-regard,DetailedReading,asregardusedforintroducingasubjectthatyouwillbediscussing,e.g.,Areyouoptimisticorpessimisticasregardsthefuture?Thisisespeciallytrueasregardswomen,giventhat,oftheworldsonebillionpoorestpeople,three-fifthsarewomenandgirls.,LPT-Mymaternalgrandmother,DetailedReading,“Mymaternalgrandfather,itistrue,wascutoffintheflowerofhisyouthattheageofsixty-seven,butmyotherthreegrandparentsalllivedtobeovereighty.”,Paraphrase,Althoughbothmymotherandmyfatherdiedwhentheywerestillyoung,myotherancestorslivedlonglives.Heretheauthormeansthatgeneticallyhedidquitewell.,LPT-cutoff,DetailedReading,cutofftoremovesomethingbycuttingit,e.g.,Theaimwastocutofftheenemysescaperoute.ImgladthebartendercutTommyoffhesalreadyhadtoomuchtodrink.Whenhiswifedied,hecuthimselfofffromotherpeople.March31isthecutoffdateforapplicationstobeaccepted.,LPT-Ofremoterancestors,DetailedReading,“OfremoterancestorsIcanonlydiscoveronewhodidnotlivetoagreatage,andhediedofadiseasewhichisnowrare,namely,havinghisheadcutoff.”,Paraphrase,Amongallmyremoterancestors,Ionlyfindonewhodiedyoung.Hewasbeheaded,whichisrarenowadays.,LPT-namely,DetailedReading,namelyadv.usedforintroducingmoredetailedinformationaboutasubjectthatyouarediscussing,e.g.,Weneedtogetmoreteachersintotheclassroomswheretheyremostneeded,namelyinpoorareas.Theministerwouldonlyrepeattheofficialgovernmentposition,namelythatitcandonothingatthemoment.,LPTtoherlastdayremainedaterrortoallher,“toherlastdayremainedaterrortoallherdescendants”,Paraphrase,keptasternandfearfulcontroloverallherdescendantsuntilherdeath,DetailedReading,LPT-Sheusedtorelatehowshemet,DetailedReading,“SheusedtorelatehowshemetinItalyanelderlygentlemanwhowaslookingverysad.”,Paraphrase,SheoftentoldmehowshemetinItalyanelderlygentlemanwholookedverysad.,LPT-relate,DetailedReading,relatevt.totellsomeoneaboutsomethingthathashappenedorwhatsomeonehassaid,e.g.,Sherelatedtheeventsofthepastweektothepolice.Herelateshowattheageof23hewasinternedintheprisoncamp.,LPT-Sheinquiredthecauseofhismelancholy,DetailedReading,“Sheinquiredthecauseofhismelancholyandhesaidthathehadjustpartedfromhistwograndchildren.”,Paraphrase,Sheaskedhimwhyhewassosadandhetoldherthathehadjustlostthecompanyofhistwograndchildren.,LPT-melancholy,DetailedReading,melancholyn.(melancholicadj.)afeelingofsadnessandofbeingwithouthope,e.g.,amelancholypieceofmusicmelancholyautumndaysamelancholicexpressionmelancholicsongs,LPT-Ihaveseventy-twograndchildren,DetailedReading,“Ihaveseventy-twograndchildren,andifIweresadeachtimeIpartedfromoneofthem,Ishouldhaveadismalexistence!”,Paraphrase,Ihavealtogetherseventy-twograndchildren.SoifIfeltsadwheneverIendedavisitwithoneofthem,Iwouldliveamiserablelife.,LPT-part,DetailedReading,partvt.iftwopeoplepart,orifonepersonpartsfromanother,theygoawayfromeachother,e.g.,Noonecouldpartthetwofriends.Theywereforcedtopartfromoneanother.Thecommitteepartedovertheissueofpayraisesforemployees.,LPT-dismal,DetailedReading,dismaladj.makingyoufeelunhappyandwithouthopeorenthusiasm,e.g.,adismalexpressionTheactingwasdismal,wasntit?Whatdismalweather!,LPT-thinkaboutthemerelystatistical,DetailedReading,“thinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived”,Paraphrase,thinkabouthowmanyyearsyouhavelived“Statisticalfactofthenumberofyears”isahumorouswayofsayinghowmanyyearsonehaslived.,LPT-stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyourfuture,DetailedReading,“stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyourfuture”,Paraphrase,stilllessreasontothinkabouthowshorttheremainingpartofyourlifewillprobablybe,LPT-Iseldomfallill,DetailedReading,“.Ihavelittleexperienceofillness.”,Paraphrase,.Iseldomfallill.,LPT-Ineverdoanythingwhateverontheground,DetailedReading,“Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth,thoughinactualfactthethingsIlikedoingaremostlywholesome.”,Paraphrase,Ineverdoanythingforthereasonthatitisgoodforhealth,thoughmostofthethingsIdoarehealthy.,LPT-ground,DetailedReading,groundn.areasonforwhatyousayordo,orforbeingallowedtosayordosomething,e.g.,Herefusedtoansweronthegroundthatshewasunfairlydismissed.Wehavegroundstobelievethatyouhavebeenlyingtous.Doyouhaveanygroundforsuspectingthem?,LPT-wholesome,DetailedReading,wholesomeadj.consideredtohaveagoodinfluenceonpeople,forexamplebecauseitdoesnotinvolvesexordrugs,e.g.,wholesomefoodgoodwholesomefamilyentertainmentHelookslikeanicewholesomeyoungman,LPT-Psychologicallytherearetwodangers,DetailedReading,“Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.”,Paraphrase,Fromthepsychologicalpointofview,therearetwodangerousthingsthatoldpeopleshouldtrytoavoid.Oneofthemisthatoldpeopleshouldnotthinktoomuchabouttheirpast.,LPT-guard,DetailedReading,guardvt.toprotectsomeoneorsomethingfromsomethingdangerousorunpleasant,e.g.,guardagainstinfectionguardagainsttoothdecayGuardwhatyousay.,LPT-undue,DetailedReading,undueadj.notnecessaryorreasonable,e.g.,Suchahighincreasewillimposeanundueburdenonthelocaltaxpayer.Itsdifficulttofindawayofspreadinginformationaboutthediseasewithoutcausingunduealarm.,LPT-itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,DetailedReading,“Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories.”,Paraphrase,Itisnousealwaysrecallingwhathappenedinthepast,LPT-clingtoyouth,DetailedReading,“clingingtoyouth”,Paraphrase,havingundueemotionalattachmenttoyouth,LPT-Idontmeanthatoneshouldbewithout,DetailedReading,“Idonotmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthem,butonesinterestshouldbecontemplativeand,ifpossible,philanthropic,butnotundulyemotional.”,Paraphrase,Idonotmeanthatoneshouldnthaveanyinterestinthematall,butonesinterestshouldbethoughtfulandcharitable,butnottooemotional.,LPT-contemplative,DetailedReading,contemplativeadj.spendingalotoftimethinkingverycarefullyaboutsomething,e.g.,Hermoodwascalmandcontemplative.Imcontemplatinggoingabroadforayear.Yourenotcontemplatingachangeofjob,areyou?,LPT-philanthropic,DetailedReading,philanthropicadj.helpingpeople,especiallybygivingmoneytothosewhoneedit,e.g.,aphilanthropicsocietyFewcompaniesoffermoneypurelyasaphilanthropicgesturetheyreusuallyaftersomethinginreturn,LPT-unduly,DetailedReading,undulyadv.toagreaterdegreethanisreasonableornecessary,e.g.,undulyfamiliarwithstrangersHeseemedundulyconcernedaboutthemissinggirl.,LPT-itisinthisspherethatlongexperience,DetailedReading,“Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitful.”,Paraphrase,Onlyinthisareawilloldpeopleslongexperiencebecomereallyuseful.,LPT-thewisdombornofexperiencecanbe,DetailedReading,“.thewisdombornofexperiencecanbeexercisedwithoutbeingoppressive.”,Paraphrase,.onecanusethewisdomthathehasobtainedfromhislifeexperiencetohelphisgrown-upchildrenwithoutmakingthemfeeloppressed.,LPT-oppressive,DetailedReading,oppressiveadj.somethingthatisoppressivemakesyoufeelveryworriedorunhappy,e.g.,anoppressivesilenceoppressiveweatherSeveralpeoplehadexperiencedthesamefeelingofoppressionwhentheysleptinthatroom.,LPT-someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefear,DetailedReading,“Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.”,Paraphrase,Someoldpeoplearehauntedbythefearofdeath.Foryoungpeople,thereissomereasonforthisfeeling.,LPT-hasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,DetailedReading,“hasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo”,Paraphrase,hasachievedwhateverworkhehadtheabilitytodo,LPT-oppress,DetailedReading,oppressvt.tomakesomeonefeelveryworriedorunhappy,e.g.,Strangedreamsandnightmaresoppressedhim.Povertyoppressesthespirit.,LPT-justification,DetailedReading,justificationn.(justifyvt.)areasonwhysomethingiscorrectandmorallyright,e.g.,Thereisnojustificationfortreatingpeoplesobadly.Itcanbesaid,withsomejustification,thatsheisoneofthegreatestactressesontheEnglishstagetoday.ItwastheonlythingthatIcoulddoIdonthavetojustifymyselftoanyone.Ithinkyouwerequitejustifiedincomplaining.,LPT-thebestwaytoovercomeit,DetailedReading,“Thebestwaytoovercomeit.istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.”,Paraphrase,Thebestwaytodispelthatfear.istothinkmoreoftheoutsideworld,ofotherpeopleandlessofyourownself.Andfinallyyouwilllosemoreandmoreofyourindividualbeingandyourlifewillbecomepartoftheeternaluniversallife.,LPT-recede,DetailedReading,recedevt.tomovebackfromahighpointorlevel,e.g.,Astheboatpickedupspeed,thecoastlinerecededintothedistanceuntilfinallyitbecameinvisible.Theroadtotheislandonlyappearswhenthetidehasreceded.Withthepassageoftime,myunhappymemoriesoftheplacereceded.,LPT-merge,DetailedReading,mergevt.(mergern.)iftwoorganizationsmerge,orifyoumergethem,theycombinetoformonebiggerorganization,e.g.,Pink,blueandorangecolorsmergedintheeveningsky.Afterawhilethenarrowtrackmergeswithawiderpath.Themergerofthesetwocompanieswouldcreatetheworldsbiggestaccountingfirm.,LPT-thethoughtofrest,DetailedReading,“thethoughtofrest”,Paraphrase,theideaofdeathHere“rest”isaeuphemismfor“death.”,CT-p1-1,第1段中文译文与本文的标题相反，本文真正要谈的是如何才能不老，在我这个年纪，这才是更为重要的主题。我的第一条忠告是，选准了祖先再投胎。尽管我双亲都是英年早逝，我选择的其他祖先还是不错的。诚然，我的外祖父在67岁正值盛年的时候去世，但另外3位祖辈都活到了80多岁。（续）,DetailedReading,CT-p1-2,第1段中文译文（接）更前的祖辈中，我发现只有一位没能长寿，他死于现今罕见的死因，即遭斩首。我有位曾祖母是吉本的朋友，在92岁去世之前始终令子孙们敬畏不已。我的外祖母所生的孩子中9个活了下来，1个幼年夭折，此外她还有过多次流产。守寡以后，她便立即投身于女子高等教育事业之中。她是格顿学院的创办人之一，为了使女性能进入医生职业，她付出了很多心血。（续）,DetailedReading,CT-p1-3,第1段中文译文（接）她过去经常讲起她在意大利遇到的一位神情悲伤的老年绅士。她询问起他悲伤的缘故，他说因为他刚刚送走了两个孙儿女。“天哪！”她嚷道，“我有72个孙儿女，要是我每送走一个都如此悲伤，那我一生就会是凄凉的！”他则回答说：“你这狠心的女人啊！”但作为她72个孙儿女中的一员，我则更喜欢她的处世方法。80岁时她发现自己有些难入睡，于是她养成了午夜至凌晨3点阅读科普书籍的习惯。（续）,DetailedReading,CT-p1-4,第1段中文译文（接）我想她根本无暇注意到自己在衰老。我认为这正是保持年轻的良方。只要你兴趣广泛且强烈，有你还能做得了的事情，就不必为自己已经活了多少年这种纯粹的数字问题而伤神，更不必去想你来年无多的可能性。,DetailedReading,CT-p2,第2段中文译文至于健康，由于我很少得病，所以提不出什么有用的建议。我想吃就吃，想喝就喝，想睡就睡。我做任何事情从来不是因为它对健康有益，尽管实际上我爱做的事通常都是有益健康的。,DetailedReading,CT-p3,第3段中文译文从心理上说，老年人要防止两种危险。其一是过分沉湎于往事。人不能生活在回忆当中，也不能生活在对美好过去的惋惜或者对已故友人的哀痛之中。一个人应当把心思放在未来、放在自己还可以有所作为的事情上。这并不总是那么容易做到的，因为往事的分量会不断增加。人们很容易觉得过去自己的情感比现在更活跃，思想比现在更加敏锐。果真如此，那就该忘掉它；可要是忘得掉的话，那很可能就不是真的。,DetailedReading,CT-p4,第4段中文译文另一件要避免的事是依恋年轻人，期望从他们的勃勃生机中获得活力。子女们长大之后，就想过自己的生活。如果你还像子女小时那样关注他们，你就会成为他们的累赘，除非他们异常麻木不仁。我倒不是说对子女不应予以关注，而是说这种关注应该保留在思想中；可能的话，还应该宽仁，而不是过分感情用事。动物的幼崽一旦可以独立，父母就不再理会它们；人类由于幼年期较长，很难做到这一点。,DetailedReading,CT-p5-1,第5段中文译文我认为那些有着超越亲情私欲的浓厚兴趣爱好并参与合适活动的人更容易有成功的晚年。只有在这个范围里，长久的阅历才真正有益；只有在这个范围里，才能运用源于经验的智慧而不给别人造成压迫感。告诫长大的孩子别犯错误毫无用处，这不仅因为他们不会相信你，而且因为犯错也是教育的重要部分。但是如果你没有超越亲情私欲的兴趣爱好，你就会觉得生活空虚，除非你把心思放在子孙身上。（续）,DetailedReading,CT-p5-2,第5段中文译文（接）在这种情况下，你必须明白，虽然你还能为他们提供物质帮助，比如给他们零用钱或者替他们编织毛线衫，但你不能指望他们会乐于与你为伴。,DetailedReading,CT-p6-1,第6段中文译文有些老人因恐惧死亡而心情沉重。年轻人有这种恐惧倒无可厚非。年轻人有理由害怕死于战场，当他们认为自己被剥夺了生命所能给予他们的最美好的东西时，完全有理由愤恨不平。但是，对于一位经历了人世的乐与悲、已完成了自己所能完成的事的老人来说，恐惧死亡就未免有些可怜可鄙。克服这种恐惧的最好方法至少在我看来如此就是逐渐拓展你的兴趣范围，并使之更与个人情感脱钩，直到自我的围墙渐渐退去，你的生活不断融合在普世的生活之中。（续）,DetailedReading,CT-p6-2,第6段中文译文（接）一个人的生命应该像一条河起初不大，窄窄地囿于两岸之间，激情澎湃地冲过岩石和瀑布。之后河面逐渐变宽，两岸逐渐后移，水流也愈益平静；最后，它融入大海，与大海浑然一体，无痛而终。能这样看待生活的老人不会恐惧死亡，因为他所关心的事物