初一下英语知识梳理(总复习).ppt

期末总复习,初一第二学期,建议,知识与能力并重阅读完形天天练听力写作专项练基础知识分类练,一、语法,1.词法2.句法,名词TheNoun(缩写为n)表示人或事物的名称Basket,mouth,hospital,冠词TheArticle(art)用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a,an,the代词ThePronoun(pron)用来代替名词、形容词或数词They,his,him,形容词TheAdjective(adj)用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征Long,empty,heavy,different,cheap,hungry数词TheNumeral(num)表示数量或顺序Three,thirteen,twenty,second动词TheVerb(v)表示动作或状态Hear,write,swim,eat,borrow,sing副词TheAdverb(adv)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词Quickly,early,out,soon,then,sometimes介词ThePreposition(prep)表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系From,with,at,into,behind,between,for连词TheConjunction(conj)用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句And,or,but,so,because感叹词TheInterjection(interj)表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感Oh,hey,ouch,well,there,dear,词类,名词,DaysoftheweekMonthsoftheyearSchoolsubjectsSpecialholidaysClothingSeasonsHealth-relatedwordsOccupationsmusic,InventionsanddiscoveriesDatesandyearsVacationsTouristattractionsPlacesofinterestGeographicaltermsCompasspointsCulture,代词,不定代词,1.other,others,theother,theothers,another,theother,anyother2.one,ones,ones3.,some,any,no,none,many,muchfew,little,afew,alittle,all,both,every,each,不定代词,4.somethingsomebody/someoneanythinganybody/anyoneeverythingeverybody/everyonenothingnobody/noone,谓语动词用单数！,形容词与不定代词的位置,somethingeasy,hard,important.anythinguseful,interesting,funny.nothingdifficult,cheap,amazing,exciting.,形容词,Adjectivestodescribetheweather(n.+y)AdjectivestodescribeclothesAdjectivestodescribeappearanceandpersonalityAdjectivestodescribethings,形容词、副词,形容词与副词的转换,在词尾处+ly,y结尾时,去y+ily,有的e结尾的单词,需去y+ly，有的则直接+ly。,quickquickly2.easy-easily3.terrible-terribly4.true-truly5.brave-bravely6.careful-carefully,形容词、副词的使用,形容词,副词,修饰名词,修饰动词、形容词,Theyarecleverboys.Ipreferlonghair.,Itreallysoundsnice.Theyworkveryhard.,频率副词,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,用Howoften对它们进行提问。他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。,Ialwayshavemilkforbreakfast.Iusuallyhaveeggsforbreakfast.Ioftenhavenoodlesforit.Isometimeshavefruitsforit.Iseldomhavericeforit.Ineverhavemeatinthemorning.,数词,数词,基数词变序数词,百,千,万,的表达,几分之几,用来表达时、分,用来表达年、月、日,与时间相关的介词,for时间段前,in某年、某月前,on具体日子、节日、生日、星期几前,at某分，某时前,当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用in而用on.,表示方位的介词：某物处在某处的东南西北。,north,south,west,northeast,southeast,northwest,southwest,east,ThePosition,in,to,on的区别,on,某处在某处之内,某处与某处相接壤,某处在某处之外,in,to,with的多种用法,dosth.withsb./sth.agirlwithlonghairaroomwithtwodoorsacitywithalargepopulationbebusywithsth./beangrywithsb.bepopularwith.bewithastyleof.talkwithsb.helpsb.withsth.anactionmoviewithJackieChanWhatswrong/thematterwith.?,表示交通方式的常用介词,bybus/car/train/bike/ship/plane/sea/air,onthebus/trainononesbikeinonescar,疑问词,动词,行为动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。及物动词后面一定接宾语,不及物动词后面可以不接宾语连系动词（linkv）本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。Be,become,grow,get,turn,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem助动词（v.aux.）本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式Do,does,did,am,is,are,情态动词（ModalVerbs）本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。Can,may,must,should,need,haveto,1.动词(谓语),HewatchesTVeveryday.HeiswatchingTVnow.HewatchedTVamomentago.,动词时态,一般现在时一般现在时常表示：1.客观事实或普遍真理2.经常发生，反复进行的动作或状态3.主语现有的特征常与下列时间状语连用：1）often,always,usually,sometimes,never等:ItneversnowsinAustraliainDecember.Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.,2)onceayear,twiceamonth,everyyear/week/day,everytwodays等：Hewritestohisfathertwiceamonth.3)有时可与表示未来的时间状语连用，表达按规定，计划或安排要发生的情况，此类状语有：at11:30,tomorrow,tonight,now等：Wheredowegonow?,现在进行时现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now,thisweek,thesedays等连用。另外，我们还要注意句中的隐含条件（如：look,listen,Itsnineoclock等）。如：Thestudentaredoingtheirhomework.Youareworkingonafarmthesedays.Whomareyouwaitingfor?,有些动词如come,go,leave,begin,stay,start等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作，句中常有表示将来的状语:ImleavingonSundaymorning.Jimiscomingherethisevening.,一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时的时间状语有：1）atthattime,atthatmoment,justnow,justthenTomwasherejustnow.2)yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,lastnight/week/month/Sunday/January等。Icalledyoulastnight,butyouwerentathome.,3)duringtheholidays,afewdays/weeks/yearsagoIfinishedtheworkafewdaysago.4)when,while,before,after,whenever等。WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveoclock.5)“in(on或at)+一个过去的时间”，如in1980,onthemorningofJuly2nd,at10:00等。如：Thisstoryhappenedin2003.,动词(非谓语),HeenjoyswatchingTV.Jimmakesmelaugh.Iwantedtoseeitagain.,+doing,还有介词busy,finishenjoyspendkeeppreferpractice,makelet,+do,+doing,planorderdecidewant,+todo,1.Withoutthinkingmore,helefthere.2.Icantfinishwritingitinonlyafewminutes.3.Everyoneisbusygettingreadyforthefinalexams.4.Motheralwaysspendsmuchtimedoingsuchfoolishthings.5.Jimwasgoodatdancingwhenhewasyoung.6.LetspracticespeakingEnglish,OK?,系动词(+形容词的动词),lookturnsoundbecometastegetfeelgosmellkeep,1)Jimsideasoundsnice.2)Katelookstaller.3)Ifeelnervousnow.4)Beijingbecomesbigger.5)Thedaysgetlong.6)Thecaketastesdelicious.,连词,1.and7.when2.but8.before3.or9.after4.so10.as5.though11.if6.because,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,1.JimoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish_IoftenhelphimwithhisChinese.2._thequestionisverydifficult,fewofuscananswerit.3.Mr.Blackisover70yearsold,_hestillworks8hoursaday.,Because,and,but,4.Everyonemustbehere_6:00tomorrow.5._itisrainingheavily,thefarmersarestillworkinginthefield.6.Icanhelpyou_Ihavetime.,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,Though,before,if,7._gettingup,Ialwayslistentotheradioforawhile.8.Wemustbequick,_wecantfollowthem.9.Ididntfinishmyhomeworkyesterday,_Igotupveryearlythismorning.,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,so,or,After,10._theteachercamein,Iwasthinkingaboutthegame.11._youknowhim,whynotgoandmeetJiminsteadofme,Kate?,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,If,When,句子,简单句,并列句,复合句,陈述句,疑问句,感叹句,祈使句,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,Thisisanorangebike.HeknowsmeandIknowhim.WhenIwas5,Icouldswim.Didyoulivehereorthere?Whatdidtheylearnjustnow?Whataheavyrainitis!DoesTomspeakFrench?Idontunderstandit.Stand（Dont）up.,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,句中没有be、can,may,must,would的变法,句中有be、can,may,must,would的变法,否定句、一般疑问句的结构,回答:,Canyou.?Yes,Ican.No,Icant.Ishe.?Yes,heis.No,heisnt.Doyou.?Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Does.she?Yesshedoes.No,shedoesnt.Didthey.?Yes,theydid.No,theydidnt.Wouldyou.?Yes,Iwould.No.Iwouldnt.Werethey.?Yes,theywere.No,theywerent.Shouldyou.?Yes,Ishould.No,Ishouldnt.,祈使句,无主语、动词开头，表请求或命令的句子。,肯定式,否定式,Openthewindow,please.Bequiet!Letmehelpyou.,Dontopenthewindow.Dontbelate.Dontlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.Nosmoking!,二、话题,天气及季节2.人的相貌及性格3.健康4.假期,某人用多长时间做某事：Ittakes/tooksb.+time+todosth.2.提问时间：Whatsthetime?Whattimeisit?Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?,3.提问日期：Whatsthedatetoday?Whatwasthedateyesterday?4.提问星期几：Whatdayisittoday?Whatdaywasyesterday?,5.提问某人的生日：Whenisonesbirthday?6.提问天气：Whatistheweatherliketoday?(Howistheweathertoday?)Whatwastheweatheryesterday?(Howwastheweatheryesterday?,7.提问温度：Whatstodaystemperature?Howaboutthetemperature?8.提问人的相貌：Whatdoes.looklike?9.提问人的性格：Whatis.like?,10.询问对方情况：Whatswrongwith.sb.?Whatsthematterwith.sb.?11.到该做什么事的时候了。Itstimetodosth.Itstimeforsth.,12.提建议用语：Whynotdosth.?Whydontyoudosth.?Whataboutsth./doingsth.?Itsbesttodosth.Youdbetterdosth.Youshoulddosth.,13.谈论健康问题：1)用英文叙述自己的病症haveafeverhaveacoldhaveapainherehaveaheadachehaveasorethroathaveastomachache.,2)就此病症提出合理建议Take/Havesome/thismedicinethreetimesaday.Drinkmorewaterandstayinbedforafewdays.Itsnothingserious.Youllbe/get/becomeOK/wellsoon/inoneortwodays.Dontbesotired.,三、句型,1.Itstimetodosth./Itstimeforsth.2.Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.3.Whatswrongwith.?/Whatsthematterwith.?4.wouldlike/want/decide/plantodosth.5.belatefor6.enjoy/finish/keep/practicedoingsth.7.spendtime/moneyon/(in)doingsth.,四、常用短语,1.wakeup8.falloff2.wake.sb.upeout3.tell.about10.geton/alongwith.4.talkto/withsb.11.turnon/off5.invite.to.12.puton6.playwith13.takeoff7.thinkabout.14.bealwaysdoing.thinkout15.add.tothinkof.16.knowabout,17.learnabout26.inmanyways18.startwith27.infact19.giveup28.insummer20.becalled/hesun21.stopoff30.inonesthirties22.onthetelephone31.inspace23.ontheIhenightonthemoon35.atnight,36.atthistimeofyear46.onthetopof37.atthesametime47.aroadto.38.atthemoment48.tosb.39.attheendof.49.bedifferent40.from.to.from.41.forawhile50.bedifference42.foradrinkbetween43.fordays51.gotosw.fora44.ontheothersideof.holiday45.ononeswayto.52.asusual,53.hepast56.onKatesbike66.lastyear57.aphotoof.67.fromthe1960s58.aphotographerfor68.apartfrom.59.not.atall69.thousandsof.60.getintotroublehundredsof.61.listentomusic70.forexample62.gotoconcerts71.thetripto.,72.toomuchnoise82.allnight73.muchtooexpensive83.alotoffun74.saveup84.plantodo75.goonvacation85.decidetodo76.takephotos86.wanttodo77.stayatahotel87.abigmeal78.onthesameteam88.keepout79.need.for.89.onethird80.dosth.ononesown90.thetimeof.81.makeonestop91.aformof.,93.drivetosw.103.thesameas94.thecapitalof.104.allthetime95.befullof.105.allkindsof96.morethan106.3timesaday97.theshapeof.107.takethe98.10thousandmedicine99.anortherncityof.100.getaviewof.101.thepopulationofBeijing102.apopulationof13million,五、易混淆的词、词组,Whatis.like?Whatdoes.looklike?,1.,2.,3.,4.,whattodohowtodoit,inthecorneratthecorner,wakeupwakesb.up,5