专业英语8级写作writing.ppt

1、Advanced English,This lesson is a period of practice commenting on the students writing assignments based on the text study The focus is laid on how to analyse the writing tasks and organize ideas A detailed case study of the students compositions is to be made and discussion is expected,Writing ass

2、ignment (1),Nowadays, computers have brought many benefits and conveniences to our daily life. However ,computers used in primary schools might affect childrens abilities in writing and caculating. Therefore, some people suggest that computers should be limited in modern classroom. To what extent do

3、 you agree or disagree?,Computer Should not be Restricted on Campus,It has been 62 years since the first computer was invented in 1946. At the very beginning, computer was only used for some special purposes such as doing complex calculations and scientific studies. But now it is available to ordina

4、ry people. And many college students also have their own personal computers. Yet, every coin has two sides. Computer brings many benefits as well as short points to students. Along with the wide spreading of computers a hot discussion arises that is whether computer should be restricted on campus. H

5、owever, I hold a positive view towards it.,First of all, students can use computers search for imformation that will help them deepen their knowledge, because the knowledge they get from classroom is limited and thay are thirst for more. And computer can provied them with what they what to learn out

6、side the class. Someone may argue that many students regard computer as a down-load machine for their assignment, which makes plagiariazation a common situation on campus. However, can people give up eating only because they may be choked? Students should be taught not to plagiarize rather than be r

7、estricted from using computers.,Besides, students can turn to computer for entertainment when they finished their studies. As the old saying goes “Only study with no play makes Jack a dull boy.” So students can refresh themselves with a short break after a long period study by palying computer games

8、, listening to music, watching video or scanning web site.,More than that, computer is playing an increasingly important role in morden life. Todays students should not go against the overwhelming trend of the wide spreading of the use of computer. College students should keep the pace with the deve

9、lopment of the society. So a conclusion can be safely drawn from above. Computer has brouhgt many benefits and convenience into students life. It should not be restricted from campus.,1、审题型 八级写作题目一般采用“情景/观点+标题”的模式，根据这个模式，写作题型有两种（每次考试选用其中的一种），第一种是由“题目”和“要求”两部分组成，要求考生按照题目和要求作文。第二种是由一篇“短文”和“要求”组成，要求考 生

10、先阅读短文，然后按要求完成作文。从历届的真题看，第二种只是在1991年出 现过，可见在八级考试中，第一种是常考的。所以考生在审题型时，要弄清楚题目和主题，以及看清楚题目的范围和写作对象，也就是说文章中要说明什么或证明什么？文章写给谁看？ 这些都是在审题型时要注意的。,审完题型后，考生应从题目要求中确定文章的体裁。一般来说，八级写作只要求考生掌握两种体裁：说明文(Exposition)和议论文(Argumentation)。说明文常常被用来说明和分析事物的本质、状态、功能和特征，或探索事物的起源、发展和结果。它的目的在于使读者对所说明对象更加清楚明了。它只是要求作者客观说明或论证对象。而议论文主

11、要用于说服读者同意作者的见解，它要求有作者主观的态度。考生可以根据它们的定义和目的来确定题目的体裁，确定了体裁后，才知道该采用什么结构来完成文章。,总而言之，提高审题的准确性有利于学生理解题目含义，了解写作要求，进而有针对性地构思作文内容、布局等。然而，在历年写作阅卷中我们发现，审题有误仍是学生经常犯的错误之一。归纳起来有以下几点： 1）不熟悉八级写作的设计特点，以为只看标题即可着手写作。这常常导致在文章内容上出现严重偏差。 2）对情景观点部分的理解一知半解，未经仔细斟酌就提笔写作文。这往往会造成学生采用错误的语篇模式。,下面讨论一个写作题目 Topic: In recent years, m

12、ore and more advertisements have been flooding in our lives. Some advertisements exert negative effects on the youth.Therefore, some people suggest that advertisement should be banned. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.,试题解析： 拿到写作试题后，首先要仔细审题，弄懂试题的问题何在。 以本试题为例，这是一篇议论文的写作题目，它由两部分组成。第一部分即第一句话

13、概括了“近年来，越来越多的广告充斥了我们的生活”。这句话用来交代情景，提供话题讨论的背景，而非讨论的对象。第二部分由第二、三句组成，提出问题：有人建议禁止广告，因为它对青少年有负面影响，你是否同意这种看法？ 其次，要明白该问题的性质及特点。该题是问你是否同意禁止广告这种观点，以及你赞同或反对的理由，而不是问你对广告的看法或观点。如果是后者，你可以发表与题目不同的看法。,下面，我们先看一篇学生的作文： When asked about whether we should ban the advertisement, some people think the advertisements hav

14、e many side effects for the young people. Others, however, claim that the prohibition of the advertisement is not necessary. As far as I am concerned, I would like to support later one without any hesitation.,First, as an important media, advertisements have close relationship with our daily life. W

15、e can understand a new product in a short time through advertisements. For example, a famous company manufactured a kind of new laptop. The users who are interested in it want to understand its features and main function, they can get all of these information which they like to know from advertiseme

16、nts.,Furthermore, the advertisements are the best approach for education. Many nonprofit advertisements were broadcast in every channel. Governments, for instance, encourage the public to use environmentally friendly products via advertisements. The people accept them more easily than through other

17、ways, such as reading newspapers and listening to the radios.,Finally, the advertisements can give us thorough enjoyment sometimes. With the development of computer technology, the advertisements are more interesting and vivid than before. In particular, the advertisements processed by digital techn

18、ology have better significant effect than any other type of advertisements.,In conclusion, all of above evidences show that we should not only maintain the advertisement but also develop it. Although some advertisements that have negative effect and have bad influence on young people, the advertisem

19、ents bring us more benefits comparing with its disadvantages,评析： 这篇作文， 从写作方法和文章结构以及组织等方面看都不错。 但从文章内容或审题的角度看，有偏题的嫌疑。因为该文没有正面回答问题：为什么同意或不同意禁止广告。由于回避了问题的实质：即广告是否对青少年有负面影响，文中大谈特谈广告的好处，似乎是在回答“What are the advantages of advertisements?” 或“What is your opinion of advertisements?”,下面，再看一篇改写过的作文： In any econ

20、omically developed society, advertising is a huge industry which dominates almost every conceivably sector of the media. It could be argued that advertisement might exert negative effects on the youth and as a result should be banned. I think such a suggestion is an absolutely ridiculous idea and I

21、shall explain the reasons to support this. (Introduction general topic and your opinion),First and foremost, imagine an economically developed society without advertising. Companies rely on advertising to promote and sell their products, without such a marketing tool, their products would not be sol

22、d and as a result, many companies would go bankrupt. This would cause a severe downturn in a countrys development. So obviously the banning of advertising is totally unrealistic idea. (Main ideas Imagine an economically developed society without advertising. Effects: Impossible to promote/market the

23、ir products. Results: Company would go bankrupt.),We would also consider to what extent advertising affects young people. Anyone who turns on the television or reads the newspaper will observe that the majority of adverts actually targets adults, for the simple reason that adults have money, i.e., t

24、hey are consumers. Most of the adverts in the media feature products like cars, mobile phones or electronic appliances, which, in my opinion, exerts no effects on young people whatsoever, either positive or negative. (Idea: Does advertising exert negative effects on the youth under sixteen? Most adv

25、erts target adults.),Another factor in the equation is that there are other areas of the media that have much more negative effects on the youth than commercials. Take television soap operas and films for example, they often contain violent or sexually explicit images which obviously exert damaging

26、effects on young people. If we are considering banning something, surely, it would be better to prohibit such films and TV programs. (Idea: TV films have negative effects to regulate them, e.g. soap films.),After considering the above reasons, we can easily draw the conclusion that placing a ban on

27、advertising would be disastrous for society and totally misguided because the effects of advertising do not in any way exert damage to young people. (Conclusion: Say it again. But dont bring any new idea.),从上面两篇文章来看，前者没有认真理解题目的意思就匆匆下笔，而导致偏题。而后者很好的把握的题目的要点，并围绕主题充分展开，这充分说明了审题的重要性。所以，审题是考生取得高分的第一步，若偏题了

28、，一切枉然,Four types of writing question,Do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion or what do you think? Discuss both side of the view? Analyse the cause and effect, and offer your suggestion.,Sample writing tasks,Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. (2007.band-8) What do

29、you think? Write an essay of about 400 words. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summa

30、ry. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.,Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a

31、 result, there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.（2005年真题 ),2008. band-8,In a few months time, you are going to graduate from university. How do you think your college years have

32、prepared you for your future life?,1994写作题,Personal Appearance: Look Really Count Or do they? Looks arent everything, the saying goes. Write a passage of about 300 words agreeing or disagreeing with the topic,1993八级写作题 While some people claim that a persons essential qualities are inherited at birth

33、, others insist that the circumstances in which a person grows up are principally responsible for the kind of person he/she becomes. Which view do you agree with and why?,等 标准级 项 目 优 秀（10090分） 良 好（8980分） 思想内容（50%）观点清楚，前后无矛盾，并有充分、恰当的例证说明自己的论点观点清楚，前后无矛盾但例证不足，或有个别不恰当的例证,评分等级表,思想内容(50%) 观点清楚，前后无矛盾，并有充分、

34、恰当的例证说明自己的论点观点清楚，前后无矛盾但例证不足，或有个别不恰当的例证 组织结构（10%）细节安排有条理，叙述层次清楚，段落之间联系自然，句子连贯,语 法(20% )没有句子结构上的重大错误。拼写、标点、大小写等正确或有个别错误。引文原文适度，不超过作者文章的10% 用 词（15%）用词（包括习惯语）确切、恰当 得 体（5%）语言得体、语气恰当、以理服人，有说服力 附:写作满分20分, 08年全国八级写作平均分12.5分,Imitaion(1)opening,There seems to be a general assumption among the parents and teachers that the use of the computers in primary schools will indulge the pupils with conveniences in study a