高二英语定语从句人教版知识精讲

1、高二英语定语从句人教版【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：定语从句二. 教学重难点：关系词的用法三. 具体内容：（一）主语和谓语一致1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2. 在 one of the + 复数名词 +定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词 在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3. 在“ the

2、only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.（二）关系代词的省略 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时在 口语中可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.The finger （that ）I put into mymouth was no

3、t the one（that ）I had dipped into the cup.AbrahamLincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865.His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.三）正确使用 that 和 which1. that 指物，有时也可以指人， which 指物，不能指人。 Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面， that 则不能 例如：Who is the man that is rea

4、ding the newspaper? （正）Who is the man which is reading the newspaper? （误）The room in which she lives is a large one.（正）The room in that she lives is a large one.（误）2. 先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词， 修饰时，用 that 不用 which 引导定语从句 例如：next, last, very, any, little,no 等This is the best film that I have seen.（正）This is t

5、he best film which I have seen.（误）3. 先行词是 all, much, little, none 句。例如：That s all that I want to say.That s all which want to say.等时，用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从（正）误）4. 先行词是不定代词 something, anything, everything时，一般用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句例如：Is there anything that you want in this shop? （正）Is there anything

6、which you want in this shop? （误）注： 当 something 表示具体的事物，重要的东西，重要的人物等确定意义时， 它是名词，关系代词用 that 或 which 均可。例如：There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hardto find: radium.5. 先行词是人和物同时出现时，要用 that 而不用 which/who 引导定语从句。 例如：He talked about somewriters and books that were unknown to us

7、all. （正）He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all. （误）6. 先行词本身是 that 时，一般用 which 引导定语从句。例如：The predicate is that which is said of the subject.7. 在who开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that弓I导定语从句。例如：Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?8. 当关系词后面有插入语时用 which 引导定语从句。例如：Here

8、is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will helpto improve your English.（四）定语从句要用关系词引导。例如：I have three friends, none of whom can speak French. （正）I have three friends, none of them can speak French. （误） 注：若把逗号“，”改为分号“；”误句也就变为正确的句子了。（五）先行词受 such, the same 修饰时，通常用 as 引导定语从句。例如：This is

9、not such a book as I want.This is the same book as I want.试比较：the same as 与 the same thatThis is the same knife as I lost.这把刀跟我丢的是一模一样的。（两把刀）This is the same knife that I lost.这把刀就是我丢的。（一把刀）（六）as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别。as 和 which 指整个主句的内容， 引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。 as 引导 的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末； which 引导的定于从

10、句一般只位于句末。as 引导的定语从句常与 know, see, report, say, expect, announce 等动词连用； which 引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含 有并列关系或结果关系时，一般用 which。例如：As we all know ,China is a country with a long history.China is a country with a long history, as is known to us all.Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother

11、 very angry.（七）用关系代词还是关系副词 先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定语从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词例如：This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the school that Mr. Cheng set up ten years ago. I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.I will never forget the day th

12、at I spent with Mr. Isaak. That was the reason that he gave me yesterday.That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.1. 关系副词一般可以改为“介词 +which ”。例如：The reason why/for which I didnt come this morning is that it rainedhard.October 1st , 1949 was the day when/on which the Peoples Republic of Chin

13、a was founded.This was the city where /in which he was taken away by the enemy.2. why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。3. 关系代词 that 有一种特殊的用法。 That 在限制性定语从句中可以作状语， 表示时间、地点、原因和方式，代替 when , where, why, 或“介词 +which”。例如：We will never forget the year that（= when） SARS broke out in China.That is the place that （ =where）the he

14、alth workers fought against SARS. This wasthe reason that （=why）there were over 2000 SARScases in Beijing. That was the way that （=in which ）we fought against SARS.4. from where 中的 where 为关系代词。例如：He stood near the north window, from where he could see the whole garden.【典型例题分析】her heart into her mout

15、h .1. She heard the terriblenoise , broughtA. itB. whichC. thisD.that2. Dorothy was always speak inghighly of her role in the play , ofcourse , made the others un happy .A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what3. The weather turned out to be very good , was more tha n we could expect .A. whatB. whichC. thatD. i

16、t4. Rece ntly I bought an an cie nt Chin ese vase , was very reas on ableA. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital she spe nt her 19th birthday.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. and解析：1. B非限定性定语从句中，which指前面的整句话。2. B

17、Dorothy高度赞扬她的角色的事使其他人不高兴。3. B天气的转好是大家所没料到的。4. B which前加介词。the price of the vase5. C where 做地点状语。【模拟试题】I join ed the League.l. I will n ever forget the dayA. whichB. whe nC. i n whichD. on that2. September 18, 1931 is the day we ll never forget.A. thatB. whe n C. on whichD. on that3.1 remember the da

18、y I first came to the college.A. on whichB. i n whichC. which D. that4. It is the man looked for caught the murderer.D.A. that who B. that they C. they that they .which5. I remember the day I first met on.A. which B. whe nC . in whichD . on that6. Is this factory we visited last year?A. whereB. in w

19、hichC . the oneD . at which7. This is the factory we visited last year.A. whereB. whichC . the oneD .at which8. Is this the factory your father works?A. where B. whichC. of whichD. in that9. This is the best factory I have visited all my life.A. whereB. whichC . whe nD. that10. Is this the factory c

20、olour TV set are produced?A. thatB. whichC . in whichD . in that11. Have you found the woma npurse was lost?A. herB. of which C. thatD. whose12. Where is the wi ndowglass is broke n?A. whichB. that C. whose D. its13. The book, the coveris broken, is not mine.A. of it B. for C. whoseD. of which14. Wh

21、o is the comrade was there?A. whomB . thatC. whichD. whose15. Who s the comrade you just shook hands with?A . whom B .whichC. whoseD. of which16. Do you know the comrade we are talki ng?A. to whom B to whoC . whom D. to that17. The comradeis speak ing at the meet ing is a good worker.A. whomB. which

22、C. who D. whose18. Mr. Green,has come for a visit to China, arrived in Sha nghaiyesterday.A. whomB. that C. whichD. who19. He met my mother, fromA. whomB . whohe got the news of my marriage.C. whichD. whose20. The great trouble he completely tired out .A. took to.madeC. took.makeshow us how to run t

23、he machi ne himB. takes to.makeD. take to.to make21. This is Mr. Smith,I think has somethi ng to tell you.A. whoB . whom22. His father is an engin eer,A. for whatB. whichC. that D. xmakes him very proud.C . thatD. what23. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.A. whichB. who C. that

24、 D. what24. He is the only man I can find for the work.A. who s B. whoseC. that D. which25. I, your close frie nd, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B who am C. that isD. what is26. Mr. Herp in is one of the foreig n experts whoin ChinaD. has bee n work ingA. works B is worki ng C. are work

25、i ng27. Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreig ners whoin Chi na.A. works B. is worki ng C. are worki ng D. have bee n work ing28. Who has seen the TV film doesn t admire it?A. thatB. whoC. whichD. as29. Those want to see the film please put dow n your n ames.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. who30. HeA.

26、 whatB. whoC . whichD. as31. That was the reas onMac refused to speak at the meeti ng.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. of which32. Do you know the reas onhe was late for school.A. of itB. for itC. whichD. for which33. That was the reas onMac refused to speak for at the meet ing.A. whyB. thatC. for thatD. for

27、 which34. That was the reas onMac gave me the other day.A. whyB. for thatC. whichD. for which35. The picturehas mountains and rivers is the one I like best.A. whichB. whoseC . whatD. wheredoes not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.36. Please bring back the dictionary I lent to you last week .A.

28、 whereB. whatC. whichD. who37. The knife we cut the bread is very sharp.A. with whichB. that whichC. which withD . which38. He bought me a dictio nary on my birthday, made me happy.A. whichB. thatC. who D. whom39. His dog, was now very old, became ill and died.A. itB. thatC. whose D. which40. I saw

29、some trees , the leaves of were black with disease .A. thatB. whichC . whose D . the trees41. You must watch carefully everyth inghe does in class.A. whereB. that C. who D. what42. He told me all he knew.A. whichB. whatC. that D. who43. This is one of the most exciting football games I ve seen.A. th

30、atB. whichC. whatD. whom44. The last place we visited in the coun tryside was a farm.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in which45. The first En glish no velI read was Robinson Crusoe.A. whichB. that C. whereD. who46 .You can never imagine what great trouble I have hadthe patientwho receive a serious wound.A

31、. treatB. to treat C. treat ingD. treated47. Whe n he came back from abroad, Joh n told his pare nts about the cities and the people he had visited.A. whoB. whichC . whereD.that48. Is there any questio ntroubles you much.A. whichB. whereC. whoD.that49. Who is the manis speak ing there.A. whomB. whic

32、hC . thatD .whose50. She is the only pers onun dersta nds me .A. whomB . whatC. whoseD. that5l. This is the very book I am after.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD.whom52. He is not the manheused to be.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. which53. Is there anything I can do for you ,miss?A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whom54. No

33、th inghe does is badly done.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. but55. Little has bee n done is helpful to our work.A. whatB. which C. that D. all that56. Not only thecar he been sold by his son for gambling debtsbut also his new house.A. X has B. had hadC. has hadD. was has57. This is the last timeI shall giv

34、e you a less on.A. whe nB. thatC. which D. i n which58. I don t like the wayyou laugh at her.A. thatB. on whichC. whichD. as59. The theory hes stuck us that earthquakes can be forecast.A. to prove toB. to proves toC. proves toD. which proved60. George was the only boy at school I really liked.A. who

35、mB. whoseC. whe n D. which61. My family,are all music lovers, will go to the con cert.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. i n which62. I m seeing Tom tomorrow,he ll be back from New York.A. whe nB. whoC. whichD. that63. The high build ingis a big hotel.A. we are look ing at itB. we look ingD. we are look ing atC. at that we are look ing64. The baby is not here.A. of that she is tak ing good careB. who she is tak ing good careC. of who she is tak ing good careD. whom she is tak ing good care of65