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毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系 别： 机电信息系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 外文出处： Mechanical Drive 附 件： 1. 原文；2. 译文 2013年03月1. 原文The application of mould According to the demarcation of the Chinese molding tool industry association, the our country molding tool is basic to is divided into the 10 major type, among them, hurtling to press the mold and plastics to model the mold two major type to have the main part. Press the production value calculation, the our country hurtles to press the mold to have 50% currently or so, the plastics takes shape the mold to about have 20%, pulling the silk mold (tool) to about have 10%, but in the world flourishing industrial country and the plastics of the regions take shape the mold comparison to have all 40%s of molding tool production value generally above. The country molding tool industry the technique level is not even currently, hanging to compare extremely greatly. From total come up to speak, compare with advanced level of flourishing industrial country and the harbor mesa areas, still have the bigger margin. In the aspects of adopting CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP etc.Technique design and the manufacturing molding tool, is an applied extensive regardless, still the technique level up all exist the very big margin. At the applied CAD technique design molding tool aspect, had only to adopt the CAD in the design about 10% molding tool, be apart from to lay aside to paint the plank to still is endless of a segment road want to walk; Carry on the molding tool project design and analysiss to compute the aspect in the applied CAE, also just just start, still was placed in to try out mostly and animation game stage; At the applied CAM technique manufacturing molding tool aspect, on is a manufacturing material that lacks the forerunner to apply, two is an existing craft equipments( include the advanced equipments that near more than 10 in the last years usher in) or because of computing the mechanism type( tiny machine of IBM and it and permit the machine, the HP work station.etc.) dissimilarity, or because of the word stanza difference, operate the speed difference, the anti- electromagnetism interference ability difference.etc., the net rate is lower, only 5% or so molding tool manufacturing equipments just opens this work of exhibition in recent years; Carry on the craft programming aspect in the applied technique of CAPP, be placed in the blank appearance basically, need to be carry on to standardize the foundation work in great quantities; At the molding tool total sex craft technique, if the molding tool models the technique, throws the light technique and gives or get an electric shock to cast into a technique, surface processing technique CAD/ CAM technique application of etc. quickly is just at the our country just start. The calculator lends support to the technical software development, being placed in the lower level, the demand knowledge and empirical backlog still. The molding tool of big and parts of molding tool factories of our country, the car processes the equipments old, expect to be long in the service, the accuracy is bad, the efficiency is low, using up to now and still common of car, plane, drill, whet the equipments to process the molding tool, the hot processing processes to use the salt bath, a type stove still, operation with the workers experience, the equipments is simple and crude, can consume high. The equipments renews the speed slow-moving, technique reformation, technique progress the strength is not big. Although also ushered in the molding tool of not a few forerunners to process the equipments in recent years, scatter too, or unqualified set, the utilization has or so 25% generally and only, some advanced functions of the equipments also can not get full exertive. Lack the higher molding tool design, the manufacturing craft of the technique character technical personnel and technique worker, lack a talented person of a breadth of knowledge, the knowledge structure layer particularly. Technical personnel within Chinese molding tool profession, have 8% of the employee only 12% is or so and the total technique level of the technical personnel and technique worker are also lower. Was aging with the technique workers knowledge from the technical personnel of the industry before in 1980, the knowledge structure cant adapt the demand of now; But the 80s is from the personnel of the industry hereafter, the professional knowledge, experience is short of, beginning the ability bad, uneasy heart, do not wish to learn the technique. In recent years the brain drain not only results in talented person quantities ands the character levels descend, and talented persons structure but also appears to break the layer lately, temporary shortage, make the hard exaltation of technique level of the molding tool design, manufacturing. Near more than 10 in the last years, especially85, nation is already many to organize the relevant material graduate school, university and college and the steel business enterprises, research and development the molding tool appropriation series steel grow, the appropriation tool that the molding tool appropriation hard quality metal alloy and other molding toolsets process, assistance material etc., also expand. But because of not enough stability of the quantity of the material, the on trial condition that lack the necessity and experiment the data, the specification species less, the steel material and specifications that large molding tool and the special kind molding tools need still have the indentation. Supply in the steel material up, solve the customer piecemeal the supply and demand antinomy that the batch quantity of the dosage and the steel factory produce, didnt yet get to solve effectively. Moreover, the foreign molding tool steel material is successive to built up the sale net to order in the domestic in recent years, but because of outlet, technique the service prop up weak and the price is higher, foreign exchange balance of accounts system etc. the influence of the factor, expand application currently not much. The assistance material and the appropriation techniques that molding tool process in recent years although have the expansion application, did not become the mature production technique, still still be placed in to experiment to grope for the stage mostly, if the molding tool surface draws the hot processing technique, molding tool of layer technique, the molding tool surface to lead to the vice- lubrication technique, the molding tool to spread the feeling technique and lubricate the technique, molding tool to go to should dint technique, the molding tool anti- fatigue and antisepsis technique est.Its didnt yet become the productivity completely, the alignment commercialize. Some keys, important techniques also still are in need of the protection of the intelligent property right. The standard piece of the molding tool of the our country produce, just becoming the small scale production at the beginning of 80s, the molding tool standardizes the usage of the degree and standard piece to overlay to face to about have 20%, from can go together with on the market of also only have about 30 species, and be limited by only medium small specification. The standard convex and cave mold, heat flows a component, etc. just started supply, the mold and spare parties produced to supply the outlet, accuracy and quantity is also worse.The molding tool industry of the country is opposite to fall behind more, still cant call it as an independent profession up to now. The current molding tool of our country produce the business enterprise and can divide the line for the four major type: Professional molding tool factory, the profession produces the outside to provide the molding tool; The molding tool factory of cent or the cars of the product factory, with supply the molding tool that this product factory need is main mission; Three the factory of cent of the molding tool of the business enterprises, it organizes the mode and professional molding tool factories look alike, with small but just for main; The village molding tool business enterprise, with the professional molding tool factory look alike. Among them, the first quantity is most, the molding tool yield about has 70% of the total yield above. The molding tool profession of the country manages the system dispersion. Have 19 big professions section manufacturing and the usage molding tool currently, did not unify the section of management. Only depend the Chinese molding tool industry association orchestration programming, concentrate to offend the pass, across the profession, across the section management the difficulty is a lot of. The molding tool is feat in win the small scaled business enterprise organization production, but our country the technique reformation investment toward When the big and medium-sized business enterprise tilt to one side, the investment that wins the small scaled molding tool business enterprise cans not get the assurance. Include the molding tool car of the product factory, the factory of cent at inside, the technique reformation after cant very quickly take back it invest, even owing lots of debts, affecting the development. The molding tool is feat in win the small scaled business enterprise organization production, but our country the technique reformation investment toward When the big and medium-sized business enterprise tilt to one side, the investment that wins the small scaled molding tool business enterprise cans not get the assurance. Include the molding tool car of the product factory, the factory of cent at inside, the technique reformation after cant very quickly take back it invest, even owing lots of debts, affecting the development. Although most molding tool cars of product factory, the cent factory technique powers are strong, the equipments condition is better, the molding tool level that produces is also higher, the equipments utilization is low. Our country molding tool price for long time together it is worth not to moderate, resulting in the phenomenon of the molding tool profession the economic performance of oneself is small, social performance big. Standard piece of the not equal to and dry molding tool of the dry molding tool of, the not equal to and dry molding tool of the dry standard piece takes a production of. The stem take a production not equal to process the product with the molding tool of its type falsely often the phenomenon existence, bruised the molding tool business enterprise (include the molding tool car and divide factory) officers and workers aggressive sex biggest. This is also the molding tool profession to stay not to live the talented person, youth technical personnel and youth the worker does not wish to learn one of the reasons of the technique The molding tool industry want last level, the material application is a key. Because choose the material and use the material not appropriate, cause molding tool lead lose efficacy early, account for 45% of expired molding tool about above. At the molding tool material aspect, it is in common use and cold to make the molding tool steel contain CrWMn, Cr12, Cr12MoV and W6Mo5Cr4V2s, the flames fire steel( such as the AUX2, SX105V(7 CrSiMnMoVs).etc. of Japan; The in common use and new heat make the molding tool steel contain American H13, Sweden QRO80M, QRO90SUPREME etc.;The in common use plastics molding tool prepares the hard steel( such as American P20), time limited efficacy to harden a steel( such as American P21, Japanese NAK55 etc.), hot processing to harden a steel( such as American D2, the Japanese PD613, PD555, Sweden is on winning 136 est.s of white), the powder molding tool steel( such as Japanese KAD18 and KAS440).etc. with the steel; Overlay the piece pulls to postpone the in common use HT300, QT60-2, Mo- Cr, the Mo- V iron casting.etc. of mold, the large mold uses the HT250.A precise blunt mold of many works often adopts hard quality metal alloy and hard quality metal alloy YG20 Tecs of the steel knots. At the molding tool surface processing aspect, its main trend is: From the infiltration one chemical element to diverse plain total, the compound (such as TD method) development; From the general proliferation is to the CVD, PVD, PCVD, ioninfiltration, ion infusion etc, direction development; Adoptable plate the film to have: Tic, Tin, TiCN, TiAlN, CrN, Cr7C3, W2C etc., at the same time hot processing means from atmosphere the hot processing develops toward hot processing of vacuum. Moreover, enhance to the laser currently, the light ion nitrogen turns the technique and electroplate (brush to plate) the antisepsis to enhance etc. the technique also is subjected to the value increasingly. In the aspects of taking shape the craft, mainly hurtle to press the molding tool function compound to turn, the super take shape, the nicety of takes shape the technique, the plastics mold air assistance to inject the technique and heats to flow a technique, high pressure to inject to take shape the technique etc.On the other hand, make along with the forerunner technical develop continuously and the molding tool profession exaltation of the whole level, appeared some new designs, produce and manage the principle and modes in the molding tool profession. Mainly have in a specific way: Adapt a gentle manufacturing technique that produces the characteristics of molding tool; Create the best management and the team spirit of the performances, the benefit produce; Raise the fast contingency ability abreast engineering, conjecture manufacturing and world nimble manufacturing, network manufacturing new production philosophy of etc.;Adopt the division of labor of an in general use piece to help to make to produce the mode extensively; The orientation can keep on the development and environmental protection request of green design and manufacturing etc. Along with various new technical and quick developments, the abroad hazes already appeared the molding tool to process the system automatically. This is also the our country target of the farsighted development. Molding tool automatically process system should like and next characteristic: Many reasonable combination of the pedestal tool machine; Have with go to position the tongs or the fixed position dishs; The machine tool, knife that has the integrity has the number to control the database; The number that have the integrity control gentle synchronous system; Have the quantity monitor control system. In a word, the country molding tool technique had the substantial progress in recent years.2.译文模具的应用按照中国模具工业协会的划分，我国模具基本分为10大类，其中，冲压模和塑料成型模两大类占主要部分。按产值计算，目前我国冲压模占50左右，塑料成形模约占20，拉丝模（工具）约占10，而世界上发达工业国家和地区的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具产值的40以上。 我国模具工业目前技术水平参差不齐，悬殊较大。从总体上来讲，与发达工业国家及港台地区先进水平相比，还有较大的差距。在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技术设计与制造模具方面，无论是应用的广泛性，还是技术水平上都存在很大的差距。在应用CAD技术设计模具方面，仅有约10%的模具在设计中采用了CAD，距抛开绘图板还有漫长的一段路要走；在应用CAE进行模具方案设计和分析计算方面，也才刚刚起步，大多还处于试用和动画游戏阶段；在应用CAM技术制造模具方面，一是缺乏先进适用的制造装备，二是现有的工艺设备（包括近10多年来引进的先进设备）或因计算机制式（IBM微机及其兼容机、HP工作站等）不同，或因字节差异、运算速度差异、抗电磁干扰能力差异等，联网率较低，只有5%左右的模具制造设备近年来才开展这项工作；在应用CAPP技术进行工艺规划方面，基本上处于空白状态，需要进行大量的标准化基础工作；在模具共性工艺技术，如模具电铸成型技术、表面处理技术等方面的CAD/CAM技术应用在我国才刚起步。计算机辅助技术的软件开发，尚处于较低水平，需要知识和经验的积累。我国大部分模具厂、车间的模具加工设备陈旧，在役期长、精度差、效率低，至今仍在使用普通的锻、车、铣、刨、钻、磨设备加工模具，热处理加工仍在使用盐浴、箱式炉，操作凭工人的经验，设备简陋，能耗高。设备更新速度缓慢，技术改造，技术进步力度不大。虽然近年来也引进了不少先进的模具加工设备，但过于分散，或不配套，利用率一般仅有25%左右，设备的一些先进功能也未能得到充分发挥。 缺乏技术素质较高的模具设计、制造工艺技术人员和技术工人，尤其缺乏知识面宽、知识结构层次高的复合型人才。中国模具行业中的技术人员，只占从业人员的8%12%左右，且技术人员和技术工人的总体技术水平也较低。1980年以前从业的技术人员和技术工人知识老化，知识结构不能适应现在的需要；而80年代以后从业的人员，专业知识、经验匮乏，动手能力差，不安心，不愿学技术。近年来人才外流不仅造成人才数量与素质水平下降，而且人才结构也出现了新的断层，青黄不接，使得模具设计、制造的技术水平难以提高。 近10多年来，特别是“八五”以来，国家有关部委已多次组织有关材料研究所、大专院校和钢铁企业，研究和开发模具专用系列钢种、模具专用硬质合金及其他模具加工的专用工具、辅助材料等，并有所推广。但因材料的质量不够稳定，缺乏必要的试验条件和试验数据，规格品种较少，大型模具和特种模具所需的钢材及规格还有缺口。在钢材供应上，解决用户的零星用量与钢厂的批量生产的供需矛盾，尚未得到有效的解决。另外，国外模具钢材近年来相继在国内建立了销售网点，但因渠道不畅、技术服务支撑薄
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