硫在中国农业中的作用

1、硫在中国农业中的作用硫在中国农业中的作用Role of Sulphur in Chinese Agriculture: Opportunity and ChallengeFan Ming Xian国际国际硫研究所硫研究所The Sulphur InstituteWashington, DC. USA Presented at the TSI Sulphur Fertilizer WorkshopBeijing, April 21, 2013 Increase crop yield 增加产量 Increase crop product quality 提高产品品质 Improve fertili

2、zer efficiency and economic returns 提高肥料利用率和经济效益 Improve plant health 保护植物健康 Improve soil conditions as soil amendments 改良土壤Role of Sulphur in Agriculture硫在农业中的作用硫在农业中的作用硫在作物中的作用硫在作物中的作用 硫是植物体内氨基酸和蛋白质的重要组成成分硫是植物体内氨基酸和蛋白质的重要组成成分 参与叶绿素合成参与叶绿素合成 促促进植物体内维生素和蛋白质的合成和活化进植物体内维生素和蛋白质的合成和活化 参与植物固氮和硝酸还原作用参与植物固

3、氮和硝酸还原作用 促进促进体内油脂形成体内油脂形成 是原生质结构组成分，影响植物抗寒，抗旱和是原生质结构组成分，影响植物抗寒，抗旱和抗病虫能力抗病虫能力作物生产中硫和主要养分的需求量作物作物Crop产量产量( 吨吨/公顷公顷)氮氮N磷磷 P公斤公斤/公顷公顷钾钾K硫硫S水稻水稻7( 稻稻谷谷)1502515020小麦小麦41683411025玉米玉米93605223050大豆大豆32002511015花生花生3.52502211028 中国土壤硫缺乏分布以及国际硫研究所中国土壤硫缺乏分布以及国际硫研究所在中国的项目在中国的项目根据根据最近中国土壤硫肥最近中国土壤硫肥力调查结果力调查结果(199

4、5-2003)，中国各主要农业地区约中国各主要农业地区约有有30%的耕地土壤，相的耕地土壤，相当于当于4千万公顷，存在不千万公顷，存在不同程度的缺硫，需要使同程度的缺硫，需要使用硫肥来提高作物产量用硫肥来提高作物产量和培肥土壤。和培肥土壤。硫肥硫肥对主要农作物的增产效果对主要农作物的增产效果TSI Project in China, 1997-2005平均增产百分比 %括号内数字为田间试验数目。括号内数字为田间试验数目。* Number in parentheses represents number of field trials. A total of 535 field trials w

5、ere completed from 1997 to 2005; 468 field trials had significant yield increases by sulphur fertilizers, accounting for 87%. 括号内数字为田间试验数目。括号内数字为田间试验数目。硫肥硫肥对主要农作物的经济效果对主要农作物的经济效果TSI Project in China, 1997-2005增产值：肥料成本比例比较硫肥与氮肥对江苏玉米比较硫肥与氮肥对江苏玉米增产和经济效果增产和经济效果2001硫肥硫肥与磷肥配合对与磷肥配合对安徽安徽大豆大豆增产效果增产效果2000硫肥硫

6、肥与钾肥配合对天津大蒜增产效果与钾肥配合对天津大蒜增产效果2000硫硫氮配合对安徽小麦产量和品质的效果氮配合对安徽小麦产量和品质的效果2000蛋白质含量蛋白质含量%产量产量 吨吨/公顷公顷过磷酸钙过磷酸钙硫酸铵硫酸铵对照对照硫磺硫磺产量，吨产量，吨/ 公顷公顷蛋白质含量蛋白质含量 %TSI-NATESC Project on Sulphur in Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation: Summary (2008-10) Soil Testing: Soil samples: 951,833 Representing arable area: 1

7、7.52 million Ha Over 200 Counties; 15 Provinces Field Trials: Field trials: implemented 120, Completed 110 in 10 Provinces, on 8 Crops Simple Comparison: Implemented 180; Completed 162 in 12 Provinces, on 8 Crops全国农技推广中心全国农技推广中心-国际硫研究所测土施肥硫肥项目国际硫研究所测土施肥硫肥项目土壤测定土壤测定田间试验田间试验Achievements and Benefits f

8、rom the Project 项目取得重要成绩和效益项目取得重要成绩和效益Base of information established Identified S deficient area 48%, eq. 8 million ha in the 15 studied provinces S fertilizer increase crop yield 3 to 13%Promotion of S fertilizer: provided S fertilizer recommendation to 6 million farmers; S fertilizer use area: 8

9、million haIncreased crop yield: 2,400,000 ton; S fertilizer use:240,000 tonGovernment recognition of sulphur importance by including it into State Fertilizer Survey and National Fertilizer Recommendation Guideline; Fertilizer Registration-Teck-regulations of fertilizer labels (NY1979-2010)Sulphur an

10、d Crop Nutrition Quality Plants need sulphur to make: Proteins (cysteine, cystine, methionine) Sulphur is a constitute of 3 essential amino acids which are vital to crop protein production and human nutrition. Nitrogen and Sulphur are both used in protein production. protein contains about 15X as mu

11、ch nitrogen as sulphur.Amino Acid Structure硫肥提高作物营养品质硫肥提高作物营养品质植物合成蛋白质需要硫植物合成蛋白质需要硫植物代谢需要含硫化合物植物代谢需要含硫化合物硫硫肥对广东蔬菜产量和品质的效果肥对广东蔬菜产量和品质的效果Sulphur Fertilizer Effect on Cabbage Yield, Quality and Profit Shengang, Guangdong, 2002Yieldton/haVitamin Cmg/kgNO3-Nmg/kgProfitYuan, RMB/haCK15.656011193274S6017.0

12、(9.0%)596(6.4%)1002(-10.5%)4441(35.6%)Sulphur Fertilizer Effect on Orange Yield and Quality Average of 18 Field Trials in Hunan and Zhejiang Provinces from 2001 to 2003Yieldton/haVitamin Cmg/100 mlSugarg/100 mlAcidityg/100 mlSoluble Solid%CK39.834.48.20.8810.3ES6044.2(11%)35.7(3.5%)8.6(5.0%)0.93(5.7

13、%)10.5(1.7%)硫硫肥对柑橘产量和品质的效果肥对柑橘产量和品质的效果Sulphur Fertilizer Effect on Banana Yield and Quality Zhongshan, Guangdong, 2002Yieldton/haVitamin Cmg/kgSoluble Sugarg/kgLeaf Ng/kgLeaf Sg/kgCK49.335.512.624.53.5ES8054.0(10.7%)37.0(4.2%)15.6(23.8%)25.5(4.0%)3.9(11.4%)硫肥增加香蕉产量和质量硫肥增加香蕉产量和质量Effect of S on shoot

14、Zn concentration 28 d after sowingMoshan Moussavi Nik and Glenn McDonald, IPNC 2009硫硫对小麦植株锌含量的效果对小麦植株锌含量的效果Effects of S on grain Zn concentration Bread wheat Durum wheatMoshan Moussavi Nik and Glenn McDonald, IPNC 2009硫硫对小麦籽粒锌含量的效果对小麦籽粒锌含量的效果Effect of SEF on Increasing N Use Efficiency (NUE) in Crop

15、 Production 硫磺强化氮磷肥提高氮利用率的效果Effect of SEF and SSP on Increasing P Use Efficiency (PUE) in Crop Production 硫磺强化氮磷肥提高磷利用率的效果MicroEssential SZ 12-40-0-10-1: 硫锌强化磷一铵硫锌强化磷一铵Corn Five Year Study SZ - 77 locations 玉米增产效应玉米增产效应Effect of S-deficiency on disease resistance of B. napus缺硫对作物抗病性的影响缺硫对作物抗病性的影响中国硫

16、肥推荐使用量一般为20 80 公斤/ 公顷，因土壤硫肥力和作物硫需求不同而变化作物公斤S/公顷作物公斤S/公顷谷类20-40茶叶 20-50大豆30-60蔬菜30-60油类30-60饲料30-60块茎30-60甘蔗40-80中国硫肥生产中国硫肥生产Survey of Sulphur Fertilizer Promotion: Present Situation and Future Needs Objectives: Investigate the present state of sulphur promotion, the degree of awareness, and the chal

17、lenges and needs for future. Method: Questionnaire listing 17 aspects to 1100 senior level marketing executives of fertilizer industry in China which involve in manufacturing and marketing sulphur containing fertilizers.国际硫研究所硫肥调查国际硫研究所硫肥调查:中国推广硫肥的现状和挑战中国推广硫肥的现状和挑战Sulphur Content of Fertilizers Is C

18、onsidered for Production or Marketing Fertilizer Products? 是 Yes: 59%; 没有 No:38%. Reasons for not considering sulphur content:不考虑养分硫含量的原因 缺乏知识 No knowledge (33%) 政策不认可,不承认 No recognition of S as fertilizer nutrient (67%)肥料生产和销售是否考虑作物养分硫的含量肥料生产和销售是否考虑作物养分硫的含量?Sulphur Content of Fertilizers Is Printed

19、 on the Bag? 是 Yes: 28%; 没有 No:70%. Reasons for not printing sulphur content on the bag: 不标记养分硫含量的原因 Not allowed/prohibited by regulation (78%) 政策不认可,不允许 No policy or standard (14%) 无政策标准 No knowledge (8%) 缺乏知识.养分硫的含量是否标记养分硫的含量是否标记/印刷在肥料包装袋上印刷在肥料包装袋上?Request for Changes in Fertilizer Regulation on S

20、ulphur 93% responses request changes in Fertilizer Regulation 要求修改现行肥料政策和标准. Suggestions for the changes: 建议 Allowing Printing/labeling S content on bags (30%) 允许标记硫含量 Recognition of S as plant nutrient (70%)承认硫是作物养分要求修改现行有关养分硫的肥料规定要求修改现行有关养分硫的肥料规定/政策政策?Obstacles to Increase Sulphur Fertilizer Produ

21、ction, Marketing and Use in China No Recognition of S as Fertilizer Nutrient, 40% 不承认硫是作物养分 No Support Policy, 38% 无政策支持 Prohibition of Labeling S content, 9% 不允许标记硫含量 Lack Education, 13% 缺乏宣传教育推广硫肥生产推广硫肥生产,销售和使用的障碍销售和使用的障碍Recognition of S Fertilizer and Label S Content Diminish incidental use of S

22、fertilizers防止不合理使用硫肥 More efficient use of existing S fertilizer resources 更有效地利用有限的硫肥资源 Integral plan for S fertilizer production, distribution and use 综合计划硫肥生产,分配和使用 Advocate increased fertilizer efficiency through balanced fertilization 促进平衡施肥,提高肥料效益 Mitigate regional S deficiency 防止区域性硫缺乏 承认硫肥和标

23、记硫含量的意义承认硫肥和标记硫含量的意义Fertilizer Standard: Only NPK contents listed in Specifications & canbe labeledNational Fertilizer Quality Standard Committee(Shanghai Chemical Industry Institute)Ministry of AgricultureRecognitionPlant NutrientSulphur Fertilizer Regulation:3.13. S is secondary nutrient.7.3.1.2 a

24、nd 7.3.3.2.S content can be labeled if it is 2% 法规对肥料养法规对肥料养分硫的认可分硫的认可3.13 硫是中量元素硫是中量元素7.3.1.2;7.3.3.2 应分应分别单独标明各中量元别单独标明各中量元素养分含量及总量素养分含量及总量.含含量小于量小于2%的单一中的单一中量元素不得标明量元素不得标明.复合复合(混混)肥料肥料只标明只标明N,P2O5,K2O养分含量养分含量.中量中量元素养分含量不得标明元素养分含量不得标明(有国家标有国家标准或行业标准规定的除外准或行业标准规定的除外).中国肥料工业为硫肥正名争地位中国肥料工业为硫肥正名争地位HGT

25、 3997-2008 行业标准（硫包衣尿素技术的缓控释肥标准掺混肥GB21633-2008国家新标准单一中量元素不低于2.0%、单一微量元素不低于0.02%可以在包装标识中标明表表2 部分缓控释肥料的要求部分缓控释肥料的要求项目指标缓控释养分量a/%标明值缓控释养分释放期/月 = 标明值缓控释养分28天的累积养分释放率/%75缓控释养分释放期的累积养分释放率/%80中量元素单一养分的质量分数(以单质计)b/%2.0微量元素单一养分的质量分数(以单质计)c/%0.02a 缓控释养分为单一养分时，缓控释养分量应不小于8.0%，缓控释养分为两种或两种以上养分时，每种缓控释养分量应不小于4.0%。b

26、包装容器标明含有钙、镁、硫时检测该项指标。c 包装容器标明含有铜、铁、锰、锌、硼、钼时检测该项指标。新新型含硫复合肥料正不断涌现市场，型含硫复合肥料正不断涌现市场，受到农民欢迎受到农民欢迎Standard Specification: Potassium Magnesium of Sulphate Fertilizer (GB/T20937-2007) High AnalysisMid-AnalysisLow AnalysisK2O % =30.024.021.0Mg, % =7.06.05.0S, % =18.016.014.0Cl, % =2.03.03.0Free H2O, % =1.5

27、4.04.0Water insoluble, % 908080Note: powder product is not required to meet the particle standard, and the free water content will be tested by fertilizer factory.硫酸钾镁肥料标准硫酸钾镁肥料标准过磷酸钙（过磷酸钙（SSP) 标准正式承认标准正式承认硫养分含量硫养分含量 中国一大进步中国一大进步 全国肥料和土壤调理剂标准化技术委员会修订“过磷酸钙”国家标准： 增加硫的指标并允许在包装袋上标明含量（以总硫计） 增加硫的检测方法 增加硫含

28、量，产品等级的标注要求肥标委秘字（2012）第12号Sulphur Fertilizer Policy Development印度政府制订有利法规政策，促进硫肥生产和使用印度政府制订有利法规政策，促进硫肥生产和使用 2003-2008: Amendments to FCO to include new promising sulphur fertilizers on fast-track basis (some are still provisional): Elemental sulphur-based fertilizers (90% S powder, 90% S granular, B

29、entonite Sulphur with Zinc) NPS complex; NPKS complex; Water Soluble Potassium Magnesium Sulphate Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate (16-20-0-13S; 20-20-0-13S) Microessential S15 (13-33-0-15S) NPKS compound fertilizers (15-15-15-10S)NUTRIENT BASED SUBSIDY (NBS)养分为基础的肥料补贴政策养分为基础的肥料补贴政策To begin with, NBS has

30、 been introduced on phosphatic and potassic fertilisers w.e.f. 1stApril, 2010NBS is applicable on DAP, MOP, MAP, TSP and 12 grades of complex fertilisersSubsidy under NBS is same both for domestic and imported fertiliser productsNBS for SSP introduced w.e.f. 1stMay, 2010Primary nutrients, namely N, P and K and secondary nutrient, namely Sulphur (S) contained in the fertilisers are eligible for subsidy肥料中的肥料中的NPK和和S含量可享受肥料补贴含量可享受肥料补贴US AAPFCO Minimum Nutrient Concentration: Labeling and Listing Secondary and micronutrient guaranteeCalcium (Ca)1.0000% Magnesium (Mg)0.5000% Sulfur (S)1.000