2021届高考英语语法总结大全之名词性从句素材pdf202102031224.pdf
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高中英语语法总结大全之名词性从句高中英语语法总结大全之名词性从句要点清单要点清单名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (nounclauses） 。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever,whom,whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that she was chosen made us very happy.we heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether 与 if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 取代：1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether 从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or notwhether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it 充当形式主语。it is not important who will go.it is still unknown which team will win the match.名词性名词性 that-从句从句1） 由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。 that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：that he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语： john said that he was leaving for london onwednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：the fact is that he has not been seenrecently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：the fact that he has not been seenrecently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：i am glad that you are satisfied withyour job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）that-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed tofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. it + be +形容词+ that-从句it is necessary that有必要it is important that重要的是it is obvious that 很明显b. it + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句it is believed that人们相信it is known to all that从所周知it has been decided that 已决定c. it + be +名词+ that-从句it is common knowledge that是常识it is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是it is a fact that 事实是d. it +不及物动词+ that-分句it appears that似乎it happens that碰巧it occurred to me that 我突然想起名词性名词性 wh-从句从句1）由 wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh-从句。wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever,what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和where, when, how, why 等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： how the book will sell depends on itsauthor.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：in ones own home one can do whatone likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：the club will give whoever wins aprize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： my question is who will take overpresident of the foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：she will name him whatever shewants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：i have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：im not sure why she refused theirinvitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：that depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2） wh-从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh-从句置于句末，例如：it is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。it remains unknown when they are going to getmarried.他们何时结婚依然不明。if, whether 引导的名词从句引导的名词从句1）yes-no 型疑问从句从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和 wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：主语：whether the plan is feasible remains to beproved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：let us know whether / if you can finish thearticle before friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语： the point is whether we should lend him themoney.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：they are investigating the questionwhether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： shes doubtful whether we shall beable to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： i worry about whether he can passthrough the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词 if/whetheror 或whetheor not 构成，例如：please tell me whether / if they are swedish ordanish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。i dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。否定转移否定转移1) 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy,imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。i dont think i know you.我想我并不认识你。i don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。i hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。it doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。it doesnt appear that well have a sunny daytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。i dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not 否定动名词短语 having)its not a place where anyone would expect to seestrange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语， 从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。the ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。he was not ready to believe something justbecause aristotle said so. (否定 because 状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。she had not been married many weeks when thatmans younger brother saw her and was struck byher beauty.(否定状语 many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷精题精讲精题精讲高考应用高考应用名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句， 其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的 that 可省略)。典题试做 1在空白处填入适当的连接词12016北京the most pleasant thing of therainy season is _ one can be entirely freefrom dust.22015福建i wonder_ mary haskept her figure after all these years.by working out every day.3 2015湖南you have to know _ youregoing if you are to plan the best way of gettingthere.4 2015重庆we must find out _ karl iscoming，so we can book a room for him.答案：1.that2.how3.where4.when应对策略 1若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。名词性从句与短文改错短文改错中对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及 what 与 that、which 混用等。典题试做 2单句改错(每小题 1 处错误)12016全国my uncle is the owner of arestaurant close to that i live._22016全国my classmates and i are talkingabout how to do during the holiday._3 2015全国after looking at the toy for sometime，he turned around and found where hisparents were missing._42015四川how do you think i should do？_答案：1.thatwhere2.howwhat3.wherethat 或去掉 where5.howwhat应对策略 2对于名词性从句中连接词的考查，注意首先判断两个单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误；(2)注意 which 与 that，which 与 what，whether与 if 以及其他 wh连接词的用法区别。书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦1语序问题(误)these pictures show youwhat_does_our_village_look_like.(正)these pictures show youwhat_our_village_looks_like.此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)do_you_think which of these is the mostuseful invention?(正)which of these do_you_think is the mostuseful invention?在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。2what 和 that 的运用(误)america was that was first called“india” bycolumbus.(正)america was what was first called “india” bycolumbus.在名词性从句中，连接词 that 既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词 what 则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把 what 解释为：the名词that/which。3whether 和 if 的运用(误)if well hold the party has not been decidedyet.(正)whether well hold the party has not beendecided yet.whether 适用于任何情况； if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但 discuss，decide 等动词后的宾语从句除外。4连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)the reason why i was late is because i wastrapped in the traffic jam.(正)the reason why i was late is that i wastrapped in the traffic jam.通过提取简化可得出：the reason is because.在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。高效演练高效演练.单句语法填空12017四川凉山州二诊the happiest peopleenjoy_each age gives them.22017湖南常德 3 月模拟only youknow_is best for you.32017山西重点中学协作体二模my motherknew where we were at all times.sheknew_our friends were.4 2017北京海淀一模_astonishes us isthat alphago defeated the human champion.52017浙江温州十校联考when you arereading，make a note of_you think is ofgreat importance.答案：1.what/whatever2.what3.who/where4.what5.what.单句改错1that barbara jones offers to her fans is honestyand happiness._2it was never clear whether the man hadntreported the accident sooner._3it is still under discussion if the old bus stationshould be replaced with a modern hotel ornot._4what he should do is he stays at home andwaits for his mother from work._5the reason why he was late was because hisbike went wrong._答案：1.thatwhat2.whetherwhy3.ifwhether4.is 后加 that5.becausethat.语法填空a(名词性从句专练)1_worries my classmate mary a lotthese days is 2._she puts on too muchweight and she is frequently ill.she has somedoubts 3._she eats too much fast foodhigh in fat or sugar.also， with the college entranceexamination approaching，she becomes morestressful and she cant sleep well thesedays.maybe this is 4._she becomes fatterthese days，she thinks.5._she becomesslimmer and healthier has been her main task.soshe wants to consult some experts and gain someinstructions.but where she could get bettersuggestions and 6._will give her betteradvice also puzzle her.it is her parents suggestion7._she should consult professor wang inzhongshan hospital.professor wang suggests8._she keep a balanced diet first.sheshould eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.whats more，if she wants tolose weight，she had better take regular exercisemore than half an hour a day.mary askedprofessor wang 9._she should takeexercise.professor wang advised her to takeexercise at 5 oclock in the afternoon.that is10._she will have more time to dosports.it is with the help of professor wang thatmary has become much healthier now.答案：1.what2.that3.whether4.why5how6.who7.that8.that9.when10.becauseb2017山西重点中学协作体二模i had the 1._(mean) mother in theworld.while other
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