2021届高考英语语法总结大全之连词素材pdf202102031222.pdf

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高中英语语法总结大全之连词高中英语语法总结大全之连词要点清单要点清单连词连词连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however,for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybutalso, eitheror, neithernor, (and)then 等等。并列连词与并列结构并列连词与并列结构并列连词引导两个并列的句子。1)and 与 or判断改错:(错) they sat down and talk about something.(错) they started to dance and sang.(错) i saw two men sitting behind and whisperthere.(对) they sat down and talked about something.(对) they started to dance and sing.(对)i saw two men sitting behind and whisperingthere.解析:第一句: and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以 talk应改为 talked。第二句:and 连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略 to, 因此 sang 应改为 sing。第三句:and 连接感观动词 saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构, 因此 whisper 应改为whispering。注意:and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。 (or 也有此用法)make up your mind, and youll get the chance.= if you make up your mind, youll get the chance.one more effort, and youll succeed.= if you make one more effort, youll succeed.2)both and 两者都she plays (both) the piano and the guitar.3)not onlybut (also), as well as 不但而且)she plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意: not only but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词 not 而必须倒装。not only does he like reading stories, but also hecan even write some.4)neithernor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则,与 nor 后的词保持一致。neither you nor he is to blame.比较比较 and 和和 or1) 并列结构中,or 通常用于否定句,and 用于肯定句。2) 但有时 and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:there is no air or water in the moon.there is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用 or 连接, 但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构, 因此要用 and。典型例题-i dont like chicken _ fish.-i dont like chicken, _ i like fish very much.a. and; andb. and; butc. or; butd. or;and答案 c。否定句中表并列用 or, but 表转折。判断改错:(错) we will die without air and water.(错) we cant live without air or water.(对) we will die without air or water.(对) we cant live without air and water.表示选择的并列结构表示选择的并列结构1) or 意思为否则。i must work hard, or ill fail in the exam.2) eitheror 意思为或者或者。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。either you or i am right.表示转折或对比表示转折或对比1) but 表示转折,while 表示对比。some people love cats, while others hate them.典型例题- would you like to come to dinner tonight?- id like to, _ im too busy.a. andb. soc. asd. but答案 d。but 与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的 and, 结果的 so,原因的 as 都不符合句意。2) notbut 意思为不是而是not 和 but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。they were not the bones of an animal, but (thebones) of a human being.表原因关系表原因关系1) for判断改错:(错) for he is ill, he is absent today.(对) he is absent today, for he is ill.for 是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。2) so, thereforehe hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.注意:a. 两个并列连词不能连用,但 therefore, then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。you can watch tv, and or you can go to bed.he hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldntplay in the game.b. although yet,但 although 不与 but 连用。(错)although he was weak, but he tried his bestto do the work.(对)although he was weak, yet he tried his bestto do the work.比较比较 so 和和 such其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many,few,much, little 连用,形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可数such +n. 不可数so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flowerso many/ few flowerssuch nice flowersso much/little money.such rapidprogressso many peoplesuch a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用 such 搭配。sothat 与 suchthat 之间的转换既为 so 与such 之间的转换精题精讲精题精讲高考应用高考应用连词与语法填空并列句和状语从句中的连词是语法填空题中常考点之一。连词分为并列连词和从属连词,常考的并列连词有 and,but,or,so,while,when等; 常考的从属连词有 if, although/though, once,unless, when, where, since, before, after, because,as 等。典题试做 1在空白处填入适当的连词12016全国over time,_ thepopulation grew,people began cutting food intosmall pieces so it would cook more quickly.22016四川_ it cried,she rocked itback and forth and gave it little comforting pats.32016北京i really enjoy listening to music_ it helps me relax and takes my mindaway from other cares of the day.42015北京_ the damage is done,itwill take many years for the farmland to recover.答案:1.as/when2.when/if3.because4once/if/when应对策略 1若设空处在两个或两个以上单词或短语之间或两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间, 并且中间没有连词、分号或句号,则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。连词与短文改错短文改错中对于连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当,缺少连词以及多余连词(although 不能与but 连用,because 不能与 so 连用)等情况。典题试做 2单句改错(每小题 1 处错误)12016全国though not very big,but therestaurant is popular in our area._22016全国every day he makes sure thatfresh vegetables or high quality oil are used forcooking._32016全国if we stay at home,it iscomfortable but there is no need to spendmoney._42016四川mom has a fulltime job,so shehas to do most of the housework._答案:1.去掉 but2.orand3.butand4.sobut应对策略 2对于连词的考查,注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词,再根据不同的句式结构,判断连词是否运用正确。解题时,可以注意以下几个方面:(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系,判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句,根据连词在句中作何成分,判断正误;(2)注意 but 转折、and 并列、or 或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用;(3)注意 although/though/while 不与 but 连用;since/as/because 不与 so 连用;(4)注意 but 与 and,and 与 or,or 与 so,after与 before 等连词的用法区别。高效演练高效演练1.(2014 安徽卷)the meaning of the word nicechanged a few timesit finally came toinclude the sense pleasant.a. beforeb. afterc. sinced. while2. you can t borrow books from the school library_ you get your student card.a. beforeb. ifc. whiled. as3.(2014 北京卷)21. some animals carry seedsfrom one place to another, _ plants canspread to new places.a. sob. orc. ford. but4. someone wants you on the phone._nobody knows i am here.a.althoughb.andc. butd. so(2014 北京卷)29._ the forest park is faraway, a lot of tourists visit it every year.a.asb. whenc. even thoughd. in case6.(2014 湖南卷)26. you will never gain successyou are fully devoted to your work.a. whenb. becausec. afterd. unless7. it is hard for the greek government to get overthe present difficulties_ gets morefinancial support from the european union.a. ifb. unlessc. becaused. since8. (2014 江苏卷)21. lessons can be learned toface the future,history cannot be changed.a. thoughb. asc. sinced. unless9. it was a nice meal, _a little expensive.a. thoughb. whetherc. asd. since10.(2014 江西卷)35. it was the middle of thenight _ my father woke me up and told me towatch the football game .a.thatb. asc.whichd. when11.(2014 山东卷)2. i dont really like theauthor,_ i have to admit his books are veryexciting.a. althoughb. unlessc. untild. once12. i dont believe weve met before,imust say you do look familiar.a. thereforeb. althoughc. sinced. unless13.(2014 浙江)15.cathy had quit her job whenher son was born _ she could stay homeand raise her family.a. now thatb. as ifc. only ifd. so that14. (2013 浙江) 16. the only way to succeed at thehighest level is to have total belief _ youare better than anyone else on the sports field.a. howb. thatc. whichd. whether15. (2011 浙江) one friday, we were packing toleave for a weekend away _my daughterheard cries for help.a. afterb. whilec. sinced. when16.(2010 浙江)1. - how about camping thisweekend, just for a change?- ok,_ you want.a. whicheverb. howeverc. whateverd. whoever17.(2009 浙江)8the medicine works moreeffectively _ you drink some hot water aftertaking it.a. asb. untilc. althoughd. if1.a【解析】考察状语从句连词词义辨析。连词 before 在之前; after 在之后; since 自从,既然;d 当时;然而;句义:在“nice”这个词最后包括有“pleasant”的意义之前,它的意思已经变化了好几次了。本句中的副词 finally说明最后 nice 包括有“pleasnt”的意思,说明意义多次变化是之前发生的事情。根据句义说明 a 正确。2.a【解析】本题考查状语从句的引导词。该句的意思是:在你得到你的学生卡之前你不能从学校图书馆借书。所以选 before。3.a 【解析】 本题考察的连词都是常见的连词。so 于是(强调上下文因果关系) ;or 或者;for由于,因为(起补充说明作用);but 但是(表示转折) ;句意:一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方,于是植物就传播到了新的地方生长了。上下文之间是因果关系。故 a 正确。4.c【解析】前半句为:有人给你打电话;后半句为:没有人知道我在这儿,根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选 c。5.c【解析】本题的状语从句连词都是常用的连词。 as 由于, 因为; 随着; when 当时; eventhough 即使,尽管;in case 以防;句意:即使那个森林公园很遥远,但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系, 所以使用 even though 表示让步转折关系。故 c 正确。6.d【解析】本句主要考察连词辨析。when当时;because 因为;after 在之后;unless除非,如果不;句义:如果你不能努力工作,你永远都成功不了。本句中的 unless 相当于 ifnot根据句义说明 d 正确。7.b【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持,否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难” ,只能选择 unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单,只要找到句中的关键词,然后从句意上去排除就行了,本题关键词是 hard 和 morefinancial support。8.a【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词辨析。thoug
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