英语写作表逻辑关系的关联词

1、v1.表顺承、补充与递进表顺承、补充与递进1.表顺承、补充与递进表顺承、补充与递进: and; whats more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; further（而且，况且）（而且，况且）; similarly; also; either; too; whats worse; on the one hand.，on the other hand.； to make matters/things worse(使事情使事情更糟的是更糟的是).如：如：I dont want to go; besides, I

2、m too tired. The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect. v2.表转折表转折2.表转折：表转折：but; however; yet; instead; on the contrary（相反地）（相反地）; nevertheless（然而）（然而）; otherwise; after all(毕竟毕竟).Eg: Its too hot to go for a walk, lets go swimming instead.v3.表因果表因果v(1)引出原因引出原因3.表因果：表因果：(1)引出原因引出原因

3、: for; as; since; now that; because; thanks/owing/due to; because of; on account of; as a result/consequence of; in consequence of; result from（vt，由，由引起）引起）;Eg: We should be more careful, for it is already dark. Lets stay at home, for its raining hard outside.v(2)引出结果引出结果(2)引出结果引出结果: so; therefore;

4、thus; hence; as a result/consequence; in consequence; consequently; account for（v，是，是的原的原因）因）; result in（vt，导致），导致）; lead to（vt，导致）导致）; bring about（vt，导致），导致）; cause（vt，导致），导致）; so that(以致以致); (so)that; (祈使句祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子句子）Eg: These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.v4.表

5、让步表让步4.表让步表让步: although; though; while; even if/though; while; as倒装句；疑问词倒装句；疑问词-ever; no matter +疑问词疑问词; despite; in spite of; however; in any case; Eg: While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.Fail as I did, I would never give up.v5.表目的表目的5.表目的表目的: in order to/that; so as to; for fe

6、ar that; so that(以便以便); lest; in case（以防，以免）（以防，以免）.Eg: He ran away lest he should be seen. She took an umbrella with her for fear (that) it might rain. v6.表条件表条件6.表条件表条件: if; unless; once(一旦一旦,用于将来动用于将来动作作); so/as long as（只要）（只要）; suppose (that); supposing that; providing (that); provided (that) ;

7、assuming (that) ; given that; on condition that（如果）（如果）; in case+句子句子; in case of+名词（万一）名词（万一）.Eg: Given that the patients have some disabilities, we will try to enable them to be as independent as possible. In case John comes, please tell him to wait. You may borrow the book, on condition that you

8、do not lend it to anyone else.v7.表时间表时间7.表时间表时间: before; after; when; while; as; since; until; till; the week/year; by the time; as soon as; the moment/minute/instant/second/time+句子句子; no soonerthan; hardly/scarcelywhen; on/upon+名词名词/动名词动名词; ever since（从那时以（从那时以来）来）; from then on; lately; recently;

9、later; afterwards;Eg: Well leave the minute you are ready. I had hardly come home when it began to rain.= Hardly had I come home when it began to rain.v8表示特定的顺序关系表示特定的顺序关系8表示特定的顺序关系表示特定的顺序关系：to begin with; initially ; first of all; firstly; first; secondly; second; then; next; finally; in the end; e

10、ventually; last but not least； at last; Eg: And above all, remember to send us your new address. Firstly Ill mention the advantage, then Ill talk about the disadvantages.v9. 换一种方式表达换一种方式表达v9. 换一种方式表达：换一种方式表达：in other words; that is to say; to put it another way.v Eg: Lets go back to the original pla

11、n, that is to say, you go ahead by plane and well follow by car with the equipment.v Your performance in the exam didnt reach the required standard in other words, you failed.v10. 进行举例说明进行举例说明v10. 进行举例说明：进行举例说明：for instance; for example; like; for one thing.，for another. ; in particular； a good exam

12、ple (of.)would be.； such as. vEg: Weve planted lots of different flowers, such as roses, carnations.v11. 用于陈述事实用于陈述事实v11. 用于陈述事实用于陈述事实：in fact; in reality; as a matter of fact; actually; to tell you the vtruth.vEg: She says its a good film. Actually, she hasnt seen it at all.v To tell you the truth,

13、 who will go to the meeting is not important.v12. 对一个话题进行总结对一个话题进行总结v12. 对一个话题进行总结对一个话题进行总结：on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； in a word.vEg: On the whole, the area of desert in the world is growing every year.v In short, the fi

14、lm was the best Ive ever seen.2. 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。启、承、转、合。“启启”就是开就是开头头, “承承”是承接，是承接，“转转”是转折是转折，“合合”是综合或总结。是综合或总结。 （1）用于）用于“启启”的过渡词语的过渡词语 用于表示用于表示“启启”的过渡的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头： v：first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firs

15、tly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, vIt is often said that, vAs the proverb says, vIt goes without saying that, vIt is clear/obvious that, vMany people often ask （2）用于）用于“承承”的过渡词语的过渡词语 表示表示“承承”的

16、过渡词或的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中： vsecond, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in

17、fact, at the same time, no doubt，vIt is true that,vEverybody knows that,vIt can be easily proved that,vNo one can deny thatvThe reason why is that ,vThere is no doubt that,vTo takefor an example (instance) ,vWe know that,vWhat is more serious is that（3）用于）用于“转转”的过渡词语的过渡词语 用于用于“转转”的过渡词或的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用

18、在段落中的第二个扩展句中：过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中： vbut, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate, nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ., yet, instead,vI do not believe that,vPerhaps youll ask whyvThis may be true, but we s

19、till have a problem with regard to,vThough we are in basic agreement with , yet differences will be found, vThats why I feel that（4）用于）用于“合合”的过渡词语的过渡词语 用于用于“合合”的过渡词的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中段中vin a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum

20、up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum, on the whole(就整体而言), to sum upvFrom this point of view vOn account of this we can find that vThe result is dependent on vThus, this i

21、s the reason why we mustv TV and websitevTV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. vThey are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with

22、 sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. vSome information on websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professiona

23、l reporter.vEvery medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better. v TV and websitevBoth TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. vHowever, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with soun