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1、v1.0可编辑可修改名词名词的格(名词的所有格般是名词后加、s)句法陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句there be/语音【元音(单元音、双元音)、辅音】名词的数(复数变化规则,一般是名词后加s/es )厂人称代词(主格和宾格)同 代y物主代词(形容词性和名词性)1r词疑问代词(通常以 wh开头)不定代词 (some和 any)动词【be动词、助动词(do/does/did )、情态动词、行为动不定式、动名词】形容词、副词(比较级的构成和用法)冠词【定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a/an )】介词(表时间、地点、方式、目的等,如:in、on、at、from)数词(基数词、序数词)I 连词(常有 a
2、nd、but、or、than、because、so 等)(肯定句、否定句)(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)(肯定句、否定句)句型 (与have/has的区另U )厂现在式构成注:三单+动词(s/es ) 构成,过去式构成(规则变化是:动词+ed) 厂一般现在时 I进行式构成 (be doing sth )时态,一般过去时将来式构成 (be going to do sth)(时态表)现在进行时I肯定句一般将来时用法1否定句(句中含有not)一般疑问句(用be /情态/助动词引 导)特殊疑问句(含有特殊疑问词的)语音元音字母在音节中的读音归纳(1)(牛津小学)1、单元音字母在重读闭音节中的读
3、音单元音字母 a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读/? /u/:如:look、book、cook、foot、good2. /u:/:soon、tooth、toothache、afternoon 、noodles、spoon、too、woof、school、room、food、moon, cartoon、chooseor/? :/: horse 、 for、 morning、 tomorrow > York、 order、 sport 、 story 、 vistor 、 airport 、 before、 fork、forty 、 short、 sorry111v1.0可编辑可修
4、改er/ ? /:number、fever、member remembers rubber、ruler、sister、stapler 、under、waiter 、 after 、 newspaper、 together 、 better 、fingerar/a:/ :art 、card、garden、large 、star、arm、cartoon 、bar、bookmark、farm、March、 park、 party、 sharpener、 scarf、smartir, ur/ ? :/ :circle 、 first 、 bird 、 birthday 、girl 、 shirt 、
5、sir 、 skirt 、 third 、 thirty 、 Saturday、 turn、 hamburger> nurse、 purse、 surf、 thursday特殊辅音字母组合的读音归纳(牛津小学)ch,tch / ? / : catch、Chinese > choose、china、chocolate、French、lunch、watchph,gh /f/,如:elephant、telephone、cough、photo、phonesh / ? / ,如:wash、 British 、 brush、 English 、 ship、 fish 、 shopth / 8
6、/ ,如:Maths、thin、thing、bath、fifth 、thank/ e / ,如:clothes、other、with、then、them、that、those、these、there、this、 theirwh /h/ ,如 who, whom, whose/w/ ,如 which , when, why、what、wheredg,dj / ? /,如 judge , fridge.gu /g/ ,如 guess、guide、guest ;/gw/ ,如 language ,Ck /k/如:clock、neck、black、back、chicken、duck、backache&
7、gt; quick、trick 、 jacketqu /kw /: quarter 、 quick、 quiet 、 questiontr /tr /: trip 、triangle 、try、treedr / dr /:dragonfly 、draw、dress、drink、driver小学生辨音题(一)一、判断下列各词划线部分发音是否相同,相同的打,不同的打“x1、firsther工)2、fifththere _()3、todaySaturday _)4、saysays_ ()5、eatkeep_ ()6、AprilMay ()7、lookcartoon _( )8、blowtouch (
8、)单词辩音。()1. A.ruler _B. herC. teacher()2. A.bearB. dearC. hear()3. A.hobbyB. overC. pocket()4. A.front _B. monthCjrange-()5. A.grass_B. cageC. skate()6. A.record里B. October _ C. sports()7. A.sign_B. bikeC. public()8. A.momentB. phone C. stop三、找出划线部分发音不同的选项。()1. A. must _ B. public C. question D. cup2
9、22v1.0可编辑可修改()2. A. dangerB_herC. litterD. mother()3. A. stayB. awayC .todayD. Saturday_()4. A. greatB_breadC. readyD. head_()5. A. dearB. bearC. hereD. nearby()6. A. cook_B. roomC. foodD. shoot_四、判断下列每组单词画线部分的发音是否相同,用或“X”表示。1.there here (_)2.year hear ()3.dear bear ()4.where hair ()5.pear near ()pa
10、rents ()一、1.V 2. X 3.X 4.X 5. V 6.V 7 X . 8. X二、B A B B A BC C三、C B D A B A四、1.X 2. V 3.X 4.V 5. X6. V五、DD A C B B六、1.,2. X 3.X 4.X 5. V 6.V 7 X . 8. X五、找出划线部分发音不同的选项()B. birthdayC. hejD. worker _()B. JuneC.blueDcostume()B. candleC. JanuaryD. back()B. yearC. pearD. hear()B. thereC. fifth _D. three()
11、B. readyc. teamD.sea _六、判断下列各组单词画线部分的读音是否相同,用或“X”表示。()1.bearpear _ ()2. there here()3.racehave _()4. just must()5.thenthey_()6. mobile pocket()7. ground cousin () 8. ball roll()9. shoot look _ ()10. video diary_词性一、名词表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据someany、a lot of等词
12、去作判断,以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:a.般情况下,直接力口 -s ,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音: 清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读z。b. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,力口 -es , 如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:iz。333v1.0可编辑可修改c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y为i,再加-es ,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:z。d.以"f 或
13、fe"结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es ,如:knife-knives , thief-thieves ; 读音z。e.以"o" 结尾的词,般直接力口s, mango除夕卜:mango-mangoes;读音:z。f. 不规贝U名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children,tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, C
14、hinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese2 、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词 +of”。例如: a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤:/如是 anr is 或 waA原形读句子-读该单词-认识该单词-理解意思-看be动词'如是 are 或 were加 s或es练一练:1、写出下列各词的复数。I him this her watch mangochild photo diary day footdress tooth shee
15、p box thiefpeach sandwich man woman people2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。(1) Are there two( box ) on the table(2) I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.(3) How many( day ) are there in a week(4) Here,re five ( bottle ) of( juice ) foryou.(5) This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.2、名词所有格1、有生命的名词所
16、有格:A)单数后加"'s ",如:Su Hai' s t win sister 苏海的双胞胎妹妹Jim' s family吉姆的一家B)以"s "结尾的复数名词,只需加"'",如:Teachers' Day 教师节the twins ' parentsC)不以"s "结尾的复数名词,则仍需加"'s ",如:Children ' s Day 儿童节 注意:表示两人或几人共有的物品,只需在最后一人名后加“ s ",如:Ben
17、and Jim' s book2、无生命的名词所有格,一般与“ of ”构成短语。如: 444v1.0可编辑可修改a photo of his family 他家的一张照片 the colour of her skirt 她 的短裙的颜色练一练:翻译下列词组:大卫的叔叔我妹妹的邮票妇女节老师们的办公室他笔友的信这本书的名字双胞胎的书房孩子们的爱好邮局的大门3.名词(n.)-形容词(adj.)1)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。例如:rainrainy, cloud cloudy, wind windy, snow snowy, health healthy
18、, luck lucky等。注意:1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如:sun sunny, fun funny等。2)少数以不发音的 e结尾的名词变 为形容词时,应去掉 e再加-y。例如:noise noisy, ice icy 等。2) .一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful 可以变为形容词。例如: care careful, thank 一thankful, help helpful, use useful, beauty beautiful 等。3) 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。 例如
19、: China Chinese, Japan Japanese, England English, America American,India Indian, Australia Australian(注意 Canada- Canadian)。4)在名词后加-ous变为形容词。例如:danger dangerous等。5.)在名词后加-ly变为形容词。例如:friend friendly, love lovely 等。二、冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词” 两种。1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件"。 an用在以元音
20、"音素” 开头的单词前。 如: an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, anhour-2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。 它的基本用法:(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如: The map on the wall is new.(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如: Look at the picture, please.(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如: This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.(4)用在表示
21、世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun太阳the moon月亮the earth地球(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如: the Great Wall 长城556v1.0可编辑可修改(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如: the Changjiang River 长江(7)止匕外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词 the。 如:the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练:1、用a或an填空。ice-creamgoalke
22、eper teapotapple English book officeumbrella2、根据需要,填写冠词 a, an或the。(1) Who is girl behind tree (2) old man has two children, son and daughter. (3) This is orange. orange is Lucy ' s.(4) He likes playing guitar. We have same hobby. We all had good time last Sunday.(6) She wants to be doctor.三、数词我们
23、学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。区别:基数词前面没有“ the” ;序数词前一定要有“ the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上"-"。如:21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如:101 a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。如:十八个男孩eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。如:两碗米饭twobowls of rice5、序数词一般加"th”,特殊的有:
24、first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth "第几十几":前面整十不变,后面"几"改为序数词。如: 88 eighty-eighth练一练:1、请翻译下列短语。(1) 60名学生 (2) 15本英语书(3) 12 月 31 日 (4) 6 月 2 日(5)第九周 (6) 40年前(7) 11+7(8)上学第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one- two- three- nine一fourteen- twen
25、ty-thirty-five- 四、代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。666v1.0可编辑可修改1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表:I (
26、宾格)she(形容词性物主代词)we(名词性物主代词)he (复数)us(单数)theirs(主格)its(宾格)2 、想一想,把下表补充完整。IitwemeyouthemmyHisyourminehers778人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits练一练:1、按要求写出相应人称代词3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1) That is
27、 not kite. That kite is very small, but is verybig. ( I )2) The dress is. Give it to. ( she )3) Is this watch ( you ) No, it ' s not. ( I )4) is mybrother. nameis Jack. Look! Those stamps are(he )5) dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are( you )6) Show your kite, OK ( they )7) I have a beautiful
28、 is Mimi. These cakes are.(it )v1.0可编辑可修改8) Are these tickets No, are not . aren' t here. ( they )9) Shall have a look at that classroom That is classroom.(we )10) is my aunt. Do you know job a nurse. ( she )11) Where are I can' t find . Let' s call parents. (they )12) Dorf t to
29、uch.not a cat,a tiger! ( it )13) sister is ill. Please go and get. ( she )14) The girl behind is our friend. ( she )五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式:原形、比较级、最高级。比较级:+er最高级:the+est两个重要特征:asas中间一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下:(1) 一般直接+er o如:tall - taller, fast - faster单音节词如果以-e结尾
30、,只加-r。如:late - later(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加 -er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变 y为i,再加-er 。如:heavy - heavier, early -earlier(4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful - morebeautiful,careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting(5)有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。
31、如:good/well - better, bad/ill - worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder (6)形容词(adj.)-副词(adv.)一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如:quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly, sudden suddenly 等。但是,以下几点值得注意:a. 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,要把 y改为i再加-ly 。例如:happy happily, angry angrily, lucky luckily, heavy heav
32、ily, noisynoisily 等。b.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉 e再加-ly。例如:true truly 等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 。例如:polite politely, wide widely等。c.以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly ,而不是只加-y o除非是以-ll888v1.0可编辑可修改结尾的才在词尾只加 -y。例如:usual usually, careful carefully, usefulusefully, full fully 等。练一练:1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。good/ well thinheavy fat li
33、ght far low early late2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is ( heavy ), yours or mine5) Does Jim run as( slow ) as DavidYes, but Mike runs( slow ) than them
34、.6) You have seven books, but I have ( many ) than you. I have ten.7) I jump ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) I ' m very ( thin ), but she ' s ( thin ) than me.9) It gets and ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。有:in, on, under, with,
35、behind, about, near, before, after,for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto ,at the back of 2、表示时间的介词有:at, on, in。(1) at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上",或用在固定词组中。如:at ten o ' clock, at 9:30 ., at night, at the weekend(2) on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如: on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning (
36、3) in表示“在某一段时间(月份、季节)里”o如:in the afternoon, inSeptember, in summer, in2005- - -3、in 一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿着蓝色的衣服),in English(用英语表达),take part in(参加)。练一练:1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) What' s this(at, on, in ) English2) Christmas is(at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man(with, on, in ) black isSu Hai&
37、#39; s father.4) He doesn ' t do well(at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds(on, in ) the tree.6) Weare goingtomeetat, on, inthe bus stop _(_at, on, in )half past ten.7) Is there a cat(under, behind, in ) the door8) Helen ' s writing paper is(in, in front of ) her computer.999v1.0可编辑可修改9) We
38、 live ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain ( at, on, in ) spring there2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2)The films were in the groundjust now. 3) They are talking to their plans. 4) How many students have their birthdays on May 5) Women s Day is at
39、 the third of March.6) I can jog to school onthe morning. 7) Did you water trees at the farm 8) Can you come and help me on myEnglish 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival七、动 词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括 be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为 动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能
40、一眼看出,可用如下方法:先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同) (另外一些很明显 的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、be 动词(am, is, are, was, were )1) am was, is was, are-were 口诀: 我用 am,你用 are, is 用在他她它, 所有复数全用are。2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teach
41、er. She is(not)in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese Yes, you are. No, you aren' t. Are they Americ an Yes, they are. No, they aren ' t. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. No, it isn' t.4) be动词的否定形式:am not (没有缩写形式),are not = aren ' t , is n
42、ot=isn ' t 。用恰当的be动词填空。练一练:1 、用be动词的适当形式填空。1) I a boy.you a boy No, I not. 2) The girl Jack'ssister.3) The dog tall and fat. 4) The man with big eyesa teacher.5) your brother in the classroom6) How yourfather101011v1.0可编辑可修改7) Mike and Liu Taoat school.)Whosedressthis9) Whose socks they 10)
43、Who I 11 ) The jeans on the desk.12) Here a scarf for you. 13) Here some sweaters for you.14) The black gloves for Su Yang. 15) This pair of gloves forYang Ling.16) The two cups of milk for me. 17) Some tea in the glass.18) Gao shan's shirt over there. 19) Mysister's name Nancy.20) David and
44、 Helen from England 21) There a girl in the room.22) There some apples on the tree. 23) there any apple juicein the bottle24) There some bread on the plate. 25) You, he and I fromChina.26) There a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.2、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为 动词同时出现在同
45、一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should > would、may could、shall .注意:情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)其否定形式:can not = can ' t, must not = mustn ' t, 注意: may not和shall not (无缩写形式)练一练:选择填空。()1) The sign on the wall meansyou stay away from the building.A. must B. can ' t C. shouldn't()2) How many
46、books you see on the deskA. may B. can C. should()3) It means you make noise in the library.A. should B. shouldn't C. can()4) you like a glass of milk Yes, please.A. May B. Could C. Would()5) you see the sign over there -Sorry, I can ' t.A. Can B. Can ' t C. Should()6) we go to the park
47、by busA. May B. Must C. Shall3、助动词(do, does, did )do, does用于一般现在时,其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。 它们的否定形式:do not = don ' t, does not = doesn ' t, did not =111111didn ' t 。注意:在一般现在时中,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do;助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。练一练:1、用适当的助动词填空。1) you like this magazine 2) The girl li
48、ke bread for breakfast.3) -What she at the weekends-She usually plays games with her friends.4) -What you do last Sunday -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera -No, I . 6) He not visit a farm last National Day holiday.7) They not like playing volleyball.8) - Jim have a picnic with his
49、 family every Saturday -Yes, he 9) Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day10) -How many kites we have -We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的错误,将序号填入题前括号内,并改正。()1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last SpringFestivalA BC()2) -What do the boy have in his pencil-box -He has arubber.A BC()3) Theydoe
50、sn' t like the film.A B C()4) Do Jim get up at six everyday A B C()5) Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.A B C4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+edo(1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:A、般直接力口 " s",如: play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ; B、
51、以"s","x","sh","ch"结尾时,力口 "es",如: catch catches, watch-watches ; G以"辅音字母+y"结尾时,变"y"为"i"再加"es",如:carry - carries, study - studies 。(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:121212v1.0可编辑可修改A、般直接力口 " ing ",如: go going, do doing,
52、 look looking ; B、 以不发音的"e"结尾的单词, 去"e"加"ing",如:take - taking, make - making, have - having ; G以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这 个字母再力口 "ing", 如: put putting, stop stopping, run running, get-getting, swim - swimming, sit - sitting,begin - beginning, jog - jogging,fo
53、rget - forgetting 。(3)过去式构成规则:A、般直接力口 " ed", 如:plant planted, visit visited, pick picked ;B、以不发音字母"e"结尾,直接加"ed",如:like - liked, hope - hoped, taste tasted ;C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,变“ v”为“i”再加“ed",如: try - tried, study studied ;D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母,再加"ed",如:stop - stopp
54、ed ;E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的,请记忆: -am(be)-was、-are(be)-were ;begin-began ; buy-bought;can-could ; catch-caught;come-came ; do, does-did ;draw-drew ; drink-drank;eat-ate ; feel-felt;find-found ; fly-flew ;forget-forgot ; get-got;give-gave ; go-went ;grow-grew ; have, has-had ;hear-heard ; keep-kept; know-kn
55、ew ; let-let; make-made;may-might ;mean-meant; meet-met ;put-put ; read-read ; ride-rode ; ring-rang ; run-ran ;say-said ; see-saw ; shall-should ; sing-sang ; sit-sat ; sleep-slept ; speak-spoke ; spend-spent 。5、动词(v.)名词(n.)1)词形不变,词性改变。例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词,也可以用作名词。2) 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如:workworker, teach teacher, sing singer, jump ju
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