牛津上海版9A Unit4单元基础及练习

1、.牛津上海版9A Unit 4. Words.1.bar n. 条，块e. g. a bar of chocolate/soap 一条巧克力肥皂 The kids never eat candy bars. 孩子们从来不吃糖棒。【友谊提示】bar还可表示“柜台的意思。 e. g. It was so crowded I couldn't get to the bar. 人太多了，我无法挤到柜台那儿。2. tiny adj. 很小的，微小的e. g. Ants are tiny insects. 蚂蚁是非常微小的昆虫。 Look! There is tiny worm moving to

2、wards me. 看！有只小虫向我爬来。3. depend v. 依靠，依赖e. g. Try to guess. Do not depend on your dictionary all the time. 猜猜看。不要总是依赖你的字典。【知识拓展】That depends. 口要看情况而定。It all depends. 口要看情况而定。You may depend upon it. 口肯定无疑；放心好了。4. realize v. 意识到，认识到e. g. I didnt realize you were going to leave. 我不知道你准备走了。 Jackie realiz

3、ed that he had done wrong. 杰克意识到自己错了。【指点迷津】realize, understandrealize与understand是近义词，共同的含义是“意识到，弄明白常常可以互换使用。e. g. But they don't realize/understand one important thing. 但是有一件重要的事他们不明白。The man laughed when he realized/understood what had happened. 那个人明白所发生的事情时便哈哈大笑了起来。另外，realize可以表示“实现。e. g. The

4、Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country. 中国人民必将实现国家现代化。而understand还可以表示“听懂，理解。e. g. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them.英国人说话都能互相听懂，可是他们讲话我却听不懂。5. super超级的，极好的e. g. My father is a super cook. 我父亲是个很好的厨师。 Thank you for inviting me here. We

5、really had a super time.谢谢你邀请我到这里来。我们真的度过了一段美妙的光阴。 You have done a super job, my dear son. 我亲爱的儿子，你做得真好。【近义】great adj. 伟大的，非常的 excellent adj. 卓越的，极好的6. rarely adv. 很少的，罕有的e. g. People rarely eat snake in England. 英国人很少吃蛇。 They can calculate very fast and rarely give wrong answers. 他们能计算得很快并且很少犯错误。 【

6、友谊提示】rarely的频繁程度要比seldom低，但比hardly ever高。7. type v.用文字处理系统或打字机打字，打印 e. g. I can't type as rapidly as you. 我打字打得没你那么快。 Every day he typed what he composed. 他每天都用打字机把他创作的作品打下来。【知识拓展】type还可以表示“类型，典型。e. g. The type of skirt is all the go. 这种裙子很时髦。 He is a fine type of the youth. 他是青年人的一个典范。type在解释为“

7、典型时，它的形容词形式是typical。e. g. The picture is typical of its kind. 这幅画在同类绘画中有代表性。8. importantly adv. 重大地；重要地e. g. More importantly, we should use the computers to improve our studies. 更重要的是，我们应该使用电脑采进步我们的学习。【知识拓展】unimportantly adv.不重要地 important adj. 重要的；重大的 importance n. 重要性9. operate v. 1操作；运转e. g. Do

8、you know how to operate this new recorder? 你知道如何使用这部新的录音机吗？ Nearly all the tractors operate on diesel oil. 几乎所有的拖拉机都用柴油开动。2 动手术e. g. The doctors operated on her stomach. 医生给她的胃动了手术。【友谊提示】“给某人做手术常用词组operate on sb。e. g. Did you operate on that patient? 你给那位病人做手术了吗？10. meaning n. 意义，含义e. g. It doesn

9、9;t seem to have much meaning.似乎无多大意义。【知识拓展】mean v. 意谓，用意 meaningful adj. 意味深长的 meaningless adj. 无意义的11. true adj. 符合事实的，确实的，如实的，真实的e. g. All the rumours turned out to be true. 所有的传闻结果都确有其事。【知识拓展】true的反义词是false。e. g. The actor in role of an old man wears false whiskers. 扮演老头的演员戴着假胡子。12. raise v. 提出e

10、. g. I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve.我想向会议主席提一个问题，但立即我又没有了勇气。【知识拓展】我们还学过这个词的一些其他用法。e. g. Please raise your hands if you have questions. 有问题请举手。 We will raise some money for SPCA. 我们将为动物保护协会集资。 People often raise dogs as their pets. 人们常将狗作为宠物来饲养。与raise词形比较

11、接近的一个词是rise，意为“上升，升起，是不及物动词，过去式、过去分词为rose, risen。e. g. What causes sea level to rise? 什么引起海平面上升？The sun rises in the east. 大阳从东方升起。13. obey v. 服从，遵守；顺从e. g. He had always obeyed his parents without question. 他对父母一向绝对服从。 All I had to do now was to obey him in silence. 这时，我要做的只是默默地服从他。14. programl n.

12、程序e. g. All these programs are software. 所有的这些程序都是软件。2 v. 编程e. g. Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation.请给电脑编制一个程序，以便进展这项工作代替手工操作。【知识拓展】programmer n.计算机程序编制员，程序设计师15. command n. 指令; 命令e. g. The computer will obey your commands quickly. 计算机可以很快的听从你的指令。【知识拓展】command还可作动

13、词，表示“命令。e. g. He commanded his man to retreat. 他命令手下撤退。 She commanded the release of the prisoners. 她下令释放囚犯。 command较正式用词，强调权威性、全局性和强迫性。 order: 普通用词，侧重指详细的命令。 direction: 正式用词，指口头或书面的指示或命令。内容不一定详尽，语气较缓和，不太强调强迫性。也可指指导性的说明。instruction:书面用词，指不容违背、不容推翻的命令。也多指包含详细说明的指示。16. drive n. 驱动器e. g. hard-disk driv

14、e硬盘驱动器 floppy-disk drive软盘驱动器 CD-ROM drive光盘驱动器17. over超过 e. g. The girl donated over 100 books to the children in Wenchuan district.那个女孩子向汶川地区的孩子们捐赠了100多本书。The old man is over 90. 这位老人90多岁了。【知识拓展】在初中阶段，over用作介词的用法还有：1在之上反义词是undere. g. There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。2普及e. g. There are tree

15、s all over our school. 我们学校遍地是树。 You should go over your lessons carefully. 你应该仔细地复习功课。3over prep.指时间在期间e. g. I stayed at home over the holidays. 假期中，我一直在家。18. writing n. 作品，著作；笔迹e. g. the writings of Lu Xun 鲁迅的作品 I can never read your writing. 我怎么也看不明白你的笔迹。【近义】works n. 作品【知识拓展】write v. 写，写作 writer

16、n. 作家. Daily expressions. 日常表达1. common knowledgee. g. Its common knowledge that English is widely used in the world. 众所周知，英语在世界上广泛使用。common adj.常见的，普遍的； knowledge n. 理解，知道；知识，学问e. g. Smith is a common name in England. 史密斯在英国是个很普通的名字。 The English and Australians have a common language. 英国人和澳大利亚人使用共同

17、的语言。 My father has a good knowledge of European history. 我的父亲对欧洲历史非常理解。这三个词都含有“普通的意思。1 common强调梯常见的，缺乏为奇的"。e. g. Colds are common in winter. 感冒在冬天很常见。2 ordinary强调“平常的，平淡无奇的。e. g. His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。 3 general意为“普遍的，一般的。e. g. This book is intended

18、 for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。2. for the time being暂时e. g. You 'll have your own office, but for the time being you'll have to share one. 你很快就有自己的办公室了，不过暂时还得与别人合用一问。 Your wages will be$5,000 a month for the time being. 你目前的工资暂定为每个月5000美元。 We had to canc

19、el off the plan for the time being. 我们不得不暂时取消这个方案。3. able to能，会e. g. The athlete is able to jump two metres. 这位运发动能跳两米高。【知识拓展】able的名词形式是ability，解释为“才能，力量。e. g. She has no ability in that kind of work. 她没有做那种工作的才能。The ability to use a language can be acquired by the act of using the language.运用语言的才能只

20、能通过不断练习才能获得。4. have nothing to do无事可做e. g. I have nothing to do on this Wednesday. 这周三我没有什么事情可做。 I have nothing to do at the moment. 此刻我无事可做。【知识拓展】have nothing to do with与无关e. g. Tears have nothing to do with sadness. 眼泪和悲哀没有关系。5. be unaware of未注意到 be aware of注意到e. g. I was unaware of your presence.

21、 我不知道你在场。 The student was unaware of his mistake. 这个学生还没意识到自己的错误。 She seemed unaware of all the trouble she had caused. 她似乎还没有觉察到她所引起的费事。6. be better than atdoing sth 比更擅长于做某事e. g. Alice may be better than Mike, Tom and John at teaching English at school.艾丽斯可能比马克、汤姆和约翰更擅长于在学校教英语。7. for these reasons

22、由于这些原因 e. g. For these reasons, I can't go on with my studies any more. 由于这些原因，我无法继续学业。 For these reasons, they decided to give up their plan. 由于这些原因，他们打算放弃他们的方案。8. millions of成千上万的; 无数的 e. g. There are millions of species animals. 而动物种类有几百万种。 注意：类似的用法还有：hundreds of ，thousands of，billions of e.

23、g. The flood claimed hundreds of lives. 水灾夺走了数百人的生命。 A computer consists of thousands of components. 电脑由成千上万个部件组成。The company produces billions of cars a year.公司每年消费数十亿辆车。【随堂小练】. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms1. Do you live on the twelve floor in this block?2. Mill

24、ions ofvisit come to Shanghai for shopping and sightseeing every year.3. More important, the computers can operate railways and fly aeroplanes and spaceships.4. She is a famousheadmaster.5. lucky, I caught the last underground.6.Thank you for yourkind.【Keys】1. twelfth 2. visitors 3. importantly 4. h

25、eadmistress 5. Luckily 6. kindness . Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentenceA. right away B. happened to C. as large as D. works E. set up F. not polite G. was to be given 1. I don't understand how this machine operates. 2. The government

26、 decided to build a modern hospital there. 3. Last Sunday, I chanced to meet an old friend of mine. 4. It's rude to point at others when you speak. 5. Is your school the same size as theirs? 6. Let's set out immediately so that we can get there in time.【Keys】l. D 2. E 3. B 4. F 5. C 6. A Imp

27、ortant Sentences structures.1. What will happen to us if computers can do our jobs? 这里是一个条件状语从句，if引导的从句用了一般如今时表将来，what引导的主句用了将来时。e. g. We will go to the park if it is not rainy tomorrow. 假如明天不下雨，我们就去公园。happen to在这里表示“发生。e. g. It can happen to anyone. 这事可能发生在任何人身上。2. For these reasons, we often call

28、them electronic brains.call后面可以跟双宾语。call v.称，叫，把称为叫作e. g. You may call me David. 你可以叫我大卫。We call it Mimi. 我们管它叫咪眯。【知识拓展】call v. 打 给e. g. Call me this afternoon.下午给我打个 。call n. 一次 e. g. give sb a call打 给某人call out大声叫喊e. g. call out to sb向某人大声叫喊call up给打 e. g. Please call me up at any time. 请随时给我打 。ca

29、ll on号召e. g. call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事3. They may be better than doctors, judges and teachers at doing their jobs. 句中有一个重要词组be good at，意为“擅长某事，后接名词或动名词。e. g. Are you good at English? 你擅长英语吗？ Mary is good at skating. 玛丽擅长滑冰。good为原级，比较级、最高级分别为better、best，需要注意的是，副词well的比较级和最高级也是better、best。e. g. Your

30、 brain can understand the meaning of things better. 大脑对问题的理解更深化。这里是副词well的比较级 He is better than me at Chinese. 他语文比我好。这里是形容词good的比较级 Will computers make our lives better? 电脑将使我们的生活更好吗？这里是形容词good的比较级l be good at 意为“在方面做得好；擅长，其反义词组为be weak/poor in/at “在方面很差。后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 e. g. He is good at singing

31、. 他擅长唱歌。 Sam is weak/poor in/at high jump.萨姆不擅长跳高。2be good to意为“对友好，后一般接表示人的或人格化的名词。 e. g. She is good to me.她对我很好。3be good for意为“对有好处。 e. g. Doing morning exercise every day is good for your health.每天做早操对你的安康有好处。【随堂练习】I. Choose the best answer 1. The filmfor ten minutes when I entered the meeting-r

32、oom.A. has begunB. had beenC. has been onD. had been on 2. Steam is seen from the wet clothes when they are hung near a fire.A. rises B. risingC. raiseD. raising 3. The SPC wants to raisemoney to look after the animals.A. a lotB. a great manyC. a large amount of D. a great number of 4. My ambition i

33、s to be a scientist. How about?A. you B. yourC. yoursD. yourself 5. We totally dependour parents.A. with B. ofC. onD. about 6. There are onlydays before the Mid-term examination.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few 7. Would you mind my keeping the windows?A. openB. openingC. openedD. opens 8. I rememb

34、er the key to my bicycle in my bag. But it is gone.A. puttingB. to putC. putD. to have put 9. What he is in charge ofthe reading contest. He's good at reading.A. to organize B. organize C. is to organizeD. is organize 10. The chicken isexpensive and eatingis bad for our health.A. much too; too m

35、uchB, too much; much tooC. too much; too much D. much too; much too 11. My watch isn't working now. I must have it_.A. repairB. repairedC. repairingD. to repair 12. I am wondering.A. how does Disneyland lookB. how Disneyland looks likeC. what does Disneyland looks likeD. what Disneyland looks li

36、ke【Keys】 l. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5.C 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D. Rewrite the sentences as required1. People can hardly live without water for three days. 改为反义疑问句 People can hardly live without water for three days,?2. Yao Ming is the tallest basketball player in Houston Rocket. 写出同义句Yao Ming

37、isthan basketball player in Houston Rocket.Yao Ming isthan basketball players in Houston Rocket. in Houston Rocket is taller than Yao Ming.3.Computers are accurate enough to describe the exact figure of the suspect. 写出同义句Computers areaccuratethey can describe the exact figure of the suspect.【Keys】1.

38、 can；they 2. taller；any other; taller；the other; Nobody else 3.so；that Step 5: Grammar.形容词的比较级和最高级一意义两个事物进展比较时，常用比较级形式，三者以上进展比较时常用最高级形式。e. g. This computer is cheaper than that one.这个电脑比那个廉价。一般说来，“老师概念之形成经历了非常漫长的历史。杨士勋唐初学者，四门博士?春秋谷梁传疏?曰：“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也。这儿的“师资，其实就是先秦而后历代对老师的别称之一。?韩非子?也有云：“今有不才之子师长教之

39、弗为变其“师长当然也指老师。这儿的“师资和“师长可称为“老师概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“老师，因为“老师必需要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班中最高的。二构成形容词比较级、最高级的构成：1.一般情况下直接加er，est。e. g. 如：tall-taller-tallest2. 以e结尾的词直接加r，st。e. g. 如:nice-nicer-nicest3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个字母加er，est。e. g. big-bigger-biggest 4. 辅音字母加y结尾的词将y变

40、i 加er，est。e. g. heavy-heavier-heaviest5. 特殊变化应分别记忆。e. g. good-better-best.6. 多音节形容诃比较缓和：最高级分别在其前加more，most。e. g. expensive-more expensive-most expensive三用法1. 形容词比较级常用于than构造中。e. g. This river is longer than that one.这条河比那条河长。2. 形容词最高级常用于of或in构造中。e. g. This book is the best of the three. 这本书是三本中最好的。

41、Who is the fastest f runner in your school? 谁是你学校中最快的赛跑者？【例1】Thanks to the new inventions, our lives are much than before. A. convenient B. more convenient C. most convenient D. the most convenient【答案】B【例2】In Changsha，it's hot in July, but it's even in August.A. hot B. hotter C. hottest【答案】B

42、【例3】Lee came to Beijing in 2019. He has been here than you. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest【答案】B 2020 河北She always does her homework than her brother. A. more careful B. careful C. more carefully D. carefully【答案】C【例5】-Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?-OK. But a

43、dress might be . A. good B. better C. bad D. worse【答案】B【例6】The boy doesn't speak his sister, but his written work is very good.A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than【答案】AReading and Writing. Reading comprehensionAComputer users are being warned by industry experts专家 t

44、o pay attention to secret codes which could be used to record their conversations.E-mail， screensavers， and electronic greeting cards can carry a secret code which is able to turn on the computer's microphone， make a recording, and forward转递it to someone else without the user's knowledge.In

45、fact any attachment附件 sent to a computer, whether it is a game of Space Invaders, or a moving picture, can possibly be used to spy.Experts say people should always think twice about opening attachments because not only common-bugging 窃听can but has been done by computer.Bill Lyons， head of the Intern

46、et Security Company Finjian, said ，people in the army have tested this and you can be sure, if people in general are aware知道of it, then computer hackers are aware of it. The frightening thing is that there are tools on the Internet which people, using a simple search method, can find, and which will

47、 enable them to attach this dangerous code to simple attachments.True or False 1. Industry experts are warning computer users to pay attention to secret codes. 2. E-mail, screensavers, and electronic greeting cards can only carry a secret code but they can't forward to someone else without the u

48、ser's knowledge. 3. People can use both games and moving pictures for spying. 4. Tools are not so easy to find if computer hackers want to bug. 5. "To think twice about doing" refers to "to think carefully before deciding to do something". 6. Computer users are still safe bec

49、ause the people in the army have tested the ways to protect them.【Keys】l. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F BThe Internet is becoming important in our life. How much do you know about it?What is the Internet?The Internet is a large, worldwide collection of computer networks网络. A network is a small group of

50、 computers put together. Different networks from all over the world make up the Internet. Once you have learned to use the Internet， you can have a lot of fun on the World Wide Web万维网.What is the World Wide Web?The World Wide Web has been the most popular development of the Internet. The web is like a big electronic book with millions of pages that are called homepages.You can find information about almost anything in the world on these pages. For example，you can use the Internet instead of a library to find information for your homework. You can also find informa