国际船舶代理业务培训课程

1、国际船舶代理业务培训2007年07月大连海事大学主讲人:郭萍 第一部分提单与相关的法律第一节提单(B i ll of Lading一提单的概念和作用 概念-CMC Art71. 作用:1承、托之间达成的海上货物运输合同的证明(evidence of contract of carriage of goods by sea为什么不是合同本身?(1合同应由双方签字,而B/L只由承运人单方签字;(2合同经签字时起,双方才具有合同关系,而在B/L 签发之前,承、托双方之间已经存在运输合同关系。签发B/L只是承运人履行运输合同的一个环节,是合同条款和实体内容的证明。(3合同成立在先,提单产生在后。2承运

2、人接收货物或者将货物装船的证明(receipt for taking over cargo or cargo on boardCMC Art.77“除依照本法第七十五条的规定作出保留外,承运人或者代其签发提单的人签发的提单,是承运人已经按照提单所载状况收到货物或者货物已经装船的初步证据;承运人向善意受让提单的包括收货人在内的第三人提出的与提单所载状况不同的证据,不予承认。”承运人prima facie evidence托运人承运人conclusive evidence收货人或善意第三人Art.75:不知条款:合理的根据怀疑提单记载的事项与实际不符,或者无适当的方法进行核对,并在提单上批注怀疑的

3、根据或者无法核对.要注意:不知条款、根据货物特性而批注的“不负破碎责任”、“不负汗湿责任”等条款以及旧箱、旧桶等批注不构成不清洁批注。3是承运人保证据以交付货物的凭证(delivery of cargo against关于无单放货的司法实践实践中存在大量的无单放货问题。CMI下的运输法委Law”员会于2000年11月20日在“Issues of Transport Law中公布:无单放货的比例在班轮运输中达15%,租船运输达50%,某些重要商品如矿物、油类的交易中达100%。(物权凭证?document of title?二提单的种类(一按提单上收货人的记载区分记名提单(straight b/

4、l指示提单(order b/l不记名提单(空白提单(bearer b/l,blank b/l,open b/l(二按货物是否已装船区分已装船提单(shipped b/l,on board b/l收货待运提单(received for shipment b/l(三按提单上有无货物不清洁批注清洁提单(clean b/l不清洁提单(unclean b/l,foul b/l保函(Letter of Indemnity or letter of guarantee:L/I or L/G保函的效力:汉堡规则、我国法律及司法实践态度(四按运输方式区分1直达提单(direct b/l2海上联运提单(ocean

5、 through b/l3多式联运提单(combined b/l,multimodal transport b/l(五特殊提单倒签提单(anti-dated b/l信用证结汇截止日期实际装船日期已装船提单签发日期:11月4日预借提单(advanced b/l11.4信用证结汇截止日期预计装船日期已装船提单签发日期:11月4日顺签提单:Post-dated B/L舱面货提单(on deck b/l海牙规则、维斯比规则:实际装运于舱面+提单中如此记载汉堡规则:与托运人约定装载时,必须在提单中记载我国海商法?货代提单(客户提单(House of B/L货代收货人H B/L OCEAN B/L O B

6、/L H B/L三提单的内容(一正面记载事项CMC Art.73船名、承运人、托运人、收货人、通知方、货物名称、标志、包件的数量与种类、重量或体积、运费以及其他费用、提单的签发(签发人、地点、日期与份数、货物外表状况(二提单背面条款定义条款、管辖权与法律适用条款、首要条款、承运人责任及责任期间条款、运费及其他费用条款、留置权条款、赔偿金额条款、危险货物条款、甲板货与活动物条款、集装箱货物条款、冷藏货物条款、选港货物、共同海损条款、新杰森条款、双方互有责任碰撞条款、地区条款等四海运单(Seaway-bill:SWB概念与内容流转方式:勿须凭海运单提货,只要证明收货人的身份即可。海运单与电放的关系

7、电放:通常用在不可转让提单中,少量用在可以转让的提单中(指示提单通常做法:1签发提单后,收回已经签发的全套提单,加盖“电放”印章“SURRENDER”2直接在签发的提单上加盖“电放”印章“SURRENDER”将放货指示或者上述加盖印章的提单传真或电话告知卸港代理,以便安排货物交付。五电子提单(Electronic bill of lading第二节有关海上货物运输的国际公约11924年海牙规则(Hague Rules产生背景主要内容:(1定义:重点是承运人、运输合同、货物、货物运输(2承运人两项基本义务:提供适航船舶的义务“开航前、开航当时、谨慎处理,使船舶适航”管理货物的义务“妥善而谨慎地装

8、载、搬移、积载、运输、保管、照料和卸载所运货物”(3责任期间?(运输期间:钩至钩(4承运人免责:17项(5承运人赔偿责任限制:100英磅/件(单位(6托运人义务(7灭失、损坏等通知和诉讼时效21968年海牙-维斯比规则(Hague-Visby Rules产生背景主要内容:(1承运人责任限制:10000金法郎/件(单位,或者30金法郎/毛重每公斤,取高者(2提单的证据效力(3非合同之诉(2承运人受雇人员、代理人的法律地位(喜马拉雅条款(3诉讼时效增加追偿时效(41979年议定书10000金法郎改为666。67SDR 31978年汉堡规则(Hamburg Rules产生背景主要内容:(1承运人归责

9、原则完全过失责任制(2责任期间:港至港(3承运人责任限制:835SDR/件;2.5SDR/毛重每公斤;迟延交付的经济损失为该迟延交付货物的运费的2.5倍。(4活动物和舱面货(5保函的效力(6灭失、损害、迟延交付的通知与诉讼时效第二部分租船业务CHARTER PARTIES CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONC/P has3basic forms:voyage charter party(voy.c/p, time charter party and bareboat charter party(or charter party by demise1.1voyage c/pCMC

10、art92:of voy.c/pThe of voyage c/p:the contract of carriage of goods by seaThe mainthe exceptions-description of vessel clause-preliminary voyage clause-ownerliabilities and exceptions clause-owner-payment of freight clause-loading and discharging clause-demurrage and dispatch money clause-cancelling

11、 clause-lien clause and cesser clause-both-to-blame collision clause,new Jason clause,general average clause,bill of lading clause,strike and war clause, ice,arbitration,commission clause etc.1.2time charter partyCMC art.129:of time c/pThe seems to be a contract of leasing propertycompulsorynon-comp

12、ulsory The main(CMC art.127,non-provisions-description of vessel clause-vessel-vessels speed and fuel consumption-delivery of vessel-period of hire clause-cancelling clause-lawful merchandise-trading limits-owners to provide-charterers to provide-payment of hire-redelivery of vessel-off-hire clause-

13、employment and indemnity clause-sublet clause-others etc.1.3bareboat charter partyCMC art144:definitionCharacters:lease contractMain provisions:There are some provisions which are quite similar to those of time c/p,except-maintenance and operation clause-inspection-mortgage clause-insurance and repa

14、irs-assignment and sub-demise-non-lien clause-others etc.1.4ENTERING INTO C/P AND THE FORMSChartering brokerInquiryfirm-offeracceptance Inquiryoffercounter-offerfirm-offeroffercounter-offernotemaking,checking and signing c/p issue fixture noteFIXTURE NOTE(shipowners nameIt is mutually agreed between

15、 Messrs(shipownerand addressas Owners and Messrs(charterer(charterers name and addressas Charterers that:Cargo xxxt bag rice5%MOLOOLOADING AT1SBP IN XXX PORT2002LYCN:27TH-30TH APRIL,APRIL,2002DMRGE RTE:8000USD/PD,DHDFRT RATE USD XXXPER MT FIOST CQD BENDSFULL FRT PREPAID TO XXXX B4RELEASING B/L BUT A

16、LWAYS BBBOTHERWISE DETAILS AS PER94GENCON C/PFOR AND ON BEHALF OF/FOR AND ON BEHALF OF SHIPOWNER CHARTERER (signature(signatureowners optionMOLOO:more or less owner1SBP:one safe berth,safe portLYCN:laydays and canceling date受载期和解约日DMRGE:demurrage滞期费PD,DHD:per day,dispatch money rate is half of demur

17、ragerateFRT:freightFIOST:free in,out stow and trimCQD:customary quick dispatch(despatchBENDS:both endsB4:beforeBBB:BEFORE BREAK BULKstandard c/p form-drafted or accepted byBIMCO(The Baltic and international maritimecouncil,GCBS(General chamber of British ShippingShipping, NYPE(New York produce Excha

18、ngeand Japaneseshipping exchange.(iVoy.c/pcharterGENCONA uniform general charterB Chamber of Shipping Walsh Coal Charter PartyPartySteam(Form C,C Baltimore Berth Charter Party1913D C(ore7Charter partyE Tanker Voyage Charter Party(ASBATANKVOY(iitime c/pA Uniform Time Charter(BALTIMEB Time Charter Par

19、ty(NYPEASBATIME AND FONASBATIMEC Time Charter Party1980(SINOTIME1980(iiibareboat c/pStandard Bareboat Charter(BARECON1.5THE LAW AND SHIPPING CUSTOMS RELATINGTO THE CHARTER PARTIESNo compulsory international convention for c/p,and the provisions of the most of national law are not compulsory.CHAPTER

20、TWO VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY2.1REPRESENTATIONS UNDER VOYAGE CHARTER PARTYA Make the parties of contract to enter into contract(1fraudulent misrepresentation(2negligent misrepresentation(3innocent misrepresentationB Consist the provisions of contract(1condition clause(2warranty clause(3intermediate(or in

21、nominateclausename of vessel,nationality of ship,classification,tonnage, position,expected ready to load(laydays,cancelling date, LAYCAN,interpellation clause2.2PRELIMINARY VOGAGEGENCON94Clause1:“the said vessel shall,as soon as her GENCONprior commitments have been completed,proceed to the loading

22、port(sor place(sstated in Box10or so near thereto”as she may safely get and lie always afloatafloat”2.3LOADING/DISCHARGING CLAUSEor so near thereto as she may safely get and lie always afloatafloatliner clause-berth clause,gross clause,free alongside ship(FASfree in(F.I-FILOfree out(F.O-LIFO*noted:t

23、he relation between the sale contract and voyage charter party eg,CIF EX shipships holdspecial cargo/substitute cargofull and complete cargo xxx tonnage more or less at shipownershipowners optionfull and complete cargo xxx tonnage,not exceeding xx tons,not less than xxx tonsready for cargo,take the

24、cargoes alongside ship,provide cargoes,shipment within fixed time.2.4LAYTIME/DUMURRAGE/DESPATCH MONEY-special loading/discharging daysaper day xx t,laytime=quantity/loading and discharging ratebper hatch per day xx t,laytime=quantity of cargo /(daily rate x numbers of hatchescper working hatch per d

25、ay xx t,laytime=quantity of cargo in the largest hold/(daily rate x numbers of hatch serving that hold-CQD(customary quick despatch-as fast as the vessel can receive and/or deliverDAYS”AS LAYTIME(1DAY(2RUNNING DAYS OR CONSECUTIVE DAYS(3WORKING DAYS:W.DEIU(EVEN IF USED/UU(UNLESS USED(5WEATHER WORKING

26、 DAYS OF24HOURS(6WEATHER WORKING DAYS OF24CONSECTIVE HOURS(Anotice of readiness(NOR or N/R(Bthe requirements for acceptance of NORa arrived vessel whether in port or not for the special portsb be ready in every respectc NOR has been tenderedWWWW(whether in port or not,whether in berth or not, whethe

27、r customs cleared or not,whether in free pratique or not(Cusual clauses relating to waiting time of berth“time loss in waiting for berth to count aslaytime”loading/discharging time”or“as laytime“whether in berth or notnot”:WIBONaccessible”“reachable on her arrivalarrival”,or“always accessible

28、DEFINITIONa demurrageb dispatch moneyc damage for detention(unliquidated lossCACULATIONA demurrageademurrage runs continuouslybdemurrage runs uncontinuously(or per like dayB dispatch moneyaall time saved:ATSball working time saved:WTSOTHER TERMS FOR CACULATION LAYTIME OCCURRED IN LOADING AND/

29、OR DISCHARGING PORTSTO A VERAGEREVERSIBLEEXAMPLE FOR CACULATION:2.5RESPONSIBILITIES AND EXCEPTIONS OF SHIPOWNER2.6OTHER CLAUSES UNDER GENCON C/PCHAPTER THREE TIME CHARTER PARTY3.1REPRESENTATION UNDER TIME C/PVESSELS SPEED AND FUEL CONSUMPTION CLAUSE3.2SHIPOWNER/CHARTERER TO PROVIDEBALTIME cl.31946NY

30、PE cl.1clause”“maintenance clause3.3THE PERIOD OF HIRE/DELIVERY/REDELIVERYa xxx monthsb about xxx monthscharterers optionc xxx months,more or less at chartererd not more than xxx months,not less than xxx monthse the period necessary to perform voyages such as xxx to xxx monthsBALTIME cl.1NYPE93cl.2N

31、YPEa initial seaworthyNYPE&BALTIMEb bunker or fuel oil at delivery of vesselNYPE cl3,BALTIME cl5(1legitimate last voyage(2illegitimate last voyage3.4PAYMENT OF HIRE AND WITHDRAWAL OF VESSEL 3.4.1PAYMENT OF HIRENYPE46cl5NYPEBALTIME cl6A conditions of withdrawal/anti-technicality clause:“when there is any failure to make punc