语法5、介词和介词短语(共48张PPT)

1、首页首页末页末页英语英语第第5 5节节介词和介词短语介词和介词短语考点突破考点突破中考导航中考导航课堂小测课堂小测中考模拟演练中考模拟演练首页首页末页末页考点考点广东省卷近五年中考统计广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点高频考点201120122013201420151.表示时间的介词2.表示地点和方位的介词3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词4.其他常用介词5.介词短语考情分析：考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，介词和介词短语是每年的必考点，近几年均考查了常用介词的用法及辨析。2016年备考时应掌握好常用介词的用法及辨析，不要混淆；介词短语近几年均未考查，备考时也应注意。中考导航中考导航首页首页末页末页1

2、.at、in、on表示时间的区别 (1)at表示具体的时间点，常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如: at Christmas(在圣诞节)；at six oclock(在6点钟)；at night(在晚上)；at the end of(在结束时)；at the age of(在岁时)；at last(最终，最后)。 (2)in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午下午晚上白天等。如: in 1995 (在1995年)；in the 1980s (在20世纪80年代)；in May，1992 (在1992年5月)；in the morningafternoonevening(在上午下午晚上)；in spr

3、ingsummerautumnwinter(在春季夏季秋季冬季)in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，意为“在时间后”，用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。如: 首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗? (3)on用于表示确定的时间，具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:on December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；on Monday morning(在星期一上午)；on a cold morn

4、ing(在一个寒冷的早晨)；on the night of October 22nd(在10月22日晚上)；on Christmas Day(在圣诞节)；on Teachers Day(在教师节) 注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will go to Beijing next week. 下周我将去北京。考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页2.for，since，from表示时间的区别 (1)“for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在

5、、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如: She has worked there for four years. 她已经在那里工作4年了。 (2)since用作介词时，意为“自从，自以后”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用。如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。 注意:since还可以用作连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句。如: 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页Great changes have taken place since he left. 自从他

6、离开以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。 (3)from(from.to.)表示开始的时间，意为“从”(“从到”)，谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如: Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 学生们周一至周五上学。 。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页3.to，past，pass表时间的区别 (1)to介词，大于30分钟时，表示“差”。如:ten to seven(6 50) (2)past介词，小于30分钟时，表示“过”。 如:ten past six(6 10) (3)pass动词，表示“经过，过去”。如:He passed by

7、me.他从我身边经过。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页4.其余表示时间的介词 (1)after指时间“在以后”，后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时，多和过去时连用；接时间点时，多和将来时连用。如: He came back after a few days. 几天后他回来了。 Ill call you after 4 30. 四点半以后我给你打电话。 (2)till/until表示“到为止，直到之时，直至”，在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如: Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow. 你最好在床上呆到明天。 I shall wait unti

8、l ten oclock. 我将等到10点钟。 在否定句中，notuntil 意为“直到才”，是连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页I didnt go to bed until eleven last night. 昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。 (3)by 表示“不迟于”(not later than)，常与完成时连用。如:by then到那时，by now到目前为止 They had seen four English films by the end of last night. 到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电

9、影。 (4)before指时间“在以前”，后面一般接时间点。如:I will get to Australia before Friday. 我将于周五之前到达澳大利亚。 (5)during表示“在期间”，强调“自始至终”。如: During those three months，he asked a lot of questions. 在那三个月期间，他问了许多问题。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )1. (2011广东)Its time the weather report.Turn on the radio, please. A.to B.in C.at D.for

10、 考点突破考点突破母题训练母题训练D中考预测中考预测( )2. The accident happened a cold winter early morning. A.in B.at C.on D.for C首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页1.in，at与on (1)in表示地点，意为“在内”，用于内部。如:He put his hands in his pockets. 他把手放进口袋。 (2) on意为“在上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。如: There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯。 (3)表示“在某地”时，at后接小地方，in后接大地

11、方。如: When did you arrive at the station? 你什么时候到的车站? He was born in Wuhan. 他出生在武汉。 (4)at还有“在旁边”之意，如:at the table 在桌子旁边 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页2.above与below above的意思是“在之上” “高于”，与物体表面不接触，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below。如: The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上面飞行。 The Dead Sea is below sea level. 死海的海面低于

12、海平线。 3.over与under over的意思是“在之上”， 与物体表面不接触，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如: There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。 There is a boat under the bridge. 桥下有一只船。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页4.by，beside与near (1)by表示“在旁边”，较near更近。如:My house is by the river. 我的家在河边。 (2)beside表示“近旁”、“紧靠”，相当于next to。如:Come and sit beside me

13、. 来坐在我的身旁。 (3)near意为“在附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如: He sits near the window. 他坐在窗户附近。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页 5.after与behind (1)after表示位置关系，意为“在的后面”。如:Your name comes after mine in the list. 名单上，你的名字列于我之后。 (2)behind表示位置，意为“在后面”。如:The boy was hiding behind a tree. 那个男孩躲在一棵树后。 6.through, across, cross穿过 (1)thr

14、ough介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:The soldiers went through the forest. 那些士兵穿过树林离开了。 (2)across介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is walking across the street. 他正在横过马路。 (3)cross动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is crossing the street. 他正在横过马路。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页 7.among, between 在之间 among在(三者或三者以上)之间；between在(两者)之间。常用词组: between and 如:The

15、man who is standing among the students is Lilys father. 站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。 I will be back between five and six. 我将在5到6点之间回来。 8.in，on，to in表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；on表示与某一地区接壤；to表示隔海相望。 如:Guangdong is in the south of China. (广东属于中国。) Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系) Japan is to the east of C

16、hina. (日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望。) 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页 9.outside与inside outside意为“在的外边”；inside意为“在的里边，在之内”。如: A woman is waiting outside the office. 一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。 Dont let the dog come inside the house. 不要让狗进入房子里。 10.in front of与in the front of in front of表示“在之前”(范围外)；in the front of表示“在的前部(范围内)”。如: Ther

17、e are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。 Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破( )1. (2012广东)Why are you standing, Alice? I cant see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting me. A.behind B.next to C.between D.in f

18、ront of母题训练母题训练DD中考预测中考预测( )3. Is your father at home? No, he is working late the office. A.on B.at C.of D.to 首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )4. Hainan lies the south of China, and the south of Guangdong, too. A.in, in B.to; in C.to; in D.in; to 考点突破考点突破中考预测中考预测AB母题训练母题训练( )2. (2010广东)Connie arrived the village

19、a snowy night. A.at,on B.at,in C.in,at D.in,on 首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页1.by，in，on表交通方式 用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前用限定词。如: Jenny goes to school by bike. 詹妮骑自行车去上学。 (by bike=on a bike) Mr.Green goes to work by car. 格林先生开车去上班。 (by car=in a car) 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页2.by，in，with表示手段或工具 (1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I

20、 often do my homework with a pen. 我经常用钢笔做作业。 (2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词。如: Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗? (3)by表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。如: This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破母题训练母题训练中考预测中考预测( )1.

21、 (2013广东)Kelly, whos the girl glasses in the photo? Its me.I used to wear glasses and have long hair. A.by B.of C.on D.with ( )2. How do you communicate with your foreign friends? writing e-mails, of course. A.With B.By C.At D.From DB首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破介词介词用法用法例句例句against表示“反对”“违背”，其反义词为 for。若表

22、示“强烈反对”，一般与副词 strongly搭配。They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个意见。beyond表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为所不能及”。His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围。aboutabout“关于”，多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况。What is your excuse about your being late yesterday? 你昨天迟到的借口是什么？ 首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破介词介词用法用法例句例句like意

23、为“像一样”，用于说明相似关系，实际上不是。He talked to me like my father. 他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）as意为“作为，以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词。We chose him as captain of our team. 我们选他当我们的队长。except表示“除之外（不包括在内）”，是从整体中除去一部分，常和否定代词和概括性代词连用。We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外，我们都在这里。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破介词介词用法用法例句例句into“往里（进、蹦、跳）去”，常和动词

24、连用。Many frogs jumped into the lake.许多青蛙跳进了湖里。with表示伴随，意为“和一起”。She lives with her parents.她同父母住在一起。 without表示“没有”，用作状语。He left without saying a word.他什么也没有说就离开了。 首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破介词介词用法用法例句例句for(1)表示目的，意为“为了”。Lets go for a walk. 让我们去散步吧。(2)表原因、理由。Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao” 三亚因“天涯海角”而

25、出名。 (3)表用途、对象。I think drinking milk is good for our health. 我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。(4)表示价格He sells his books for fifty yuan . 他以50元地价格卖掉了他的书。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破介词介词用法用法例句例句along表示“沿着，顺着”。Weve planted more than 1000 trees along the banks of the river我们沿着河岸种了1000多棵树。off表示“离开，脱离”。Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地

26、。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破母题训练母题训练中考预测中考预测( )1. (2014广东) Most people are building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted. A.for B.with C.against D.beyond ( )2. Mr.Lin gave the textbooks to all the students the ones who had already taken them. A.except B.including C.amo

27、ng D.with CA首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破1.介词与动词的常见搭配 listen to听 laugh at嘲笑 get to到达 get onoff上车下车 look for寻找 wait for等待 hear from收到的来信 worry about担心 think of想起，认为 look after照顾，照料 spend on花费 agree with同意 do with对付，处置 depend on依靠 talk about谈论 turn onoff打开关掉 turn updown调大调小 regard as把当作 pay for付款 knock at敲

28、 ask for请求，向要 首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页2.介词与形容词的常见搭配 be fond of喜欢 be ready for为做好准备 be kind to对亲切 be sure about确信 be busy with忙于 be late for迟到 be afraid of害怕 be good at擅长于 be full of装满 3.介词与名词的常见搭配 by bikebustrain骑自行车/乘公共汽车乘火车 withwithout ones help在有没有某人的帮助下 on ones way to在某人去的路上 on time准时 to ones surprise使某

29、人惊奇的是 on foot步行 at the end of在尽头，末尾 at the foot of在的脚下 考点突破考点突破首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页考点突破考点突破中考预测中考预测( )1. Don t ask him to study too late into the night. ,he is only a small child. A.As a result B.After all C.Best of all D.For example ( )2. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hot

30、el. A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out ofBB首页首页末页末页课堂小测课堂小测（ ）1.（2015安顺）When is Lang Langs concert?Its _ three oclock _ the afternoon of December 18th. A.at；in B.at；on C.on；in D.in；on（ ）2.（2015安徽）The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _ four days. A.after B.for C.during D.in（ ）3.（

31、2015武威）The charity walk begins _ 9:00. Dont be late.No problem. A.at B.by C.in D.on（ ）4.（2015襄阳）I hear two high speed railways will be built in Xiangyang _ a few years.That sounds great. Itll be more convenient and faster for us to go out. A.after B.on C.in D.atBDAC首页首页末页末页课堂小测课堂小测（ ）5.（2015重庆）A ter

32、rible earthquake happened in Nepal _ April 25th, 2015. A.on B.in C.at D.from（ ）6.（2015云南）The third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _ _ June 12th to June 16th.A.On B.in C.at D. from.（ ）7.（2015贵州毕节）When is Womens Day? Its _ March 8th.A.In B.of C.on D.at （ ）8.（2015四川凉山）Do you know Victory Day

33、 in China? Yes. Its _ September 3rd _ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people to love Peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history.A.In；on B.on；/ C.at；/ D.on；in ADCB首页首页末页末页课堂小测课堂小测（ ）9. （2015苏州）In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _ zero all day. ab

34、ove B. below C. over D. under（ ）10.（2015江苏南京）In the picture, the chair is _ the table.A.under B.on C.above D. beside（ ）11.（2015山东潍坊）You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A.across B.below C.over D.through（ ）12.（2015广西南宁）Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ him.A.at the top of B.at the end of n C.in

35、the middle of D.in front of BDCD首页首页末页末页课堂小测课堂小测（ ）13.（2015江苏泰州）I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long. Yes. And the temperature stays _zero all the time. at B. below C. around D. above （ ）14.When I got into the room, Green was talking _ the phone.A.on B.with C.to D.in（ ）15.（2015杭州）Be

36、n was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _ the windows. A.below B.across C.behind D.against（ ）16.（2015克拉玛依）Do you know about Florence Nightingale?Yes, she was well-known _ a nurse in England _ her kindness to the sick and wounded soldiers. A. as；as B. for；as C. to；for D. as；forDA

37、DD首页首页末页末页课堂小测课堂小测（ ）17.(2015江苏连云港)It is great _ us to get so many favorite books on International Childrens Book Day. A.to B.with C.of D.for（ ）18.（2015德州）Who is your favorite singer, Mike?TF Boys. They are very _ boys and girls. A.proud of B.popular with C.strict with D.worried about（ ）19.(2015湖北孝感

38、)Jennys uncle is a scientist. She is proud _ him.from B. at C. in D. of（ ）20.(2015山东青岛)Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students _ common problems.A. in B. about C. with D. ForDBDB首页首页末页末页英语英语首页首页末页末页( )1. I sometimes help my mom with her housework Saturdays. A.at B.in C.on D.to ( )2.What time do y

39、ou usually go to school, Jack? about half past seven. A.On B.In C.At D.For ( )3. Were leaving tomorrow.We will be away next Friday. A.from B.until C.on D.since （ ）. the exam, well say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school. A.In B.For C.After D.Through 中考模拟演练中考模拟演练

40、CCBC首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )5. They usually go shopping their lunch break. A.Against B.among C.between D.during ( ). How can we protect ourselves the earthquake? We should stay calm first. A.with B.about C.for D.from ( ). Teenagers should be encouraged to go and be close to nature. A.inside B.back C.outs

41、ide D.off ( )8. Mr.Greens office is the 26th floor.You can take the lift there. A.at B.in C.on D.for 中考模拟演练中考模拟演练DDCC首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )9. On May 10th, a horse was found running happily the busy street in Beijing. A.at B.of C.in D.from ( )10. The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the f

42、ar end of the river. A.to B.for C.off D.out ( )11. Cambridge is a small city the east of England. A.between B.with C.in D.under ( )12. You see, Kevin is writing his left hand. A.at B.as C.for D.with 中考模拟演练中考模拟演练CCCD首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )13. The man makes a living teaching. A.without B.with C.by D.in (

43、)14.You can improve your English reading more. A.in B.with C.by D.of ( )15.Well play basketball Class 3 tomorrow. A.over B.against C.to D.for ( ) 16. She sold her treasures to cure her mothers illness, even though it was her own wishes. Its so kind her. A.against; of B.above; of C.on; for D.for; for

44、 中考模拟演练中考模拟演练CCBA首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )17.This problem is far me, Im afraid I cant work it out. Dont worry, we will help you. A.beyond B.beside C.behind D.between ( )18. Are you the dark?Oh,yes.I always go to sleep with the light on. A.used to B.afraid of C.interested in D.good with ( )19. Lin Lin ofte

45、n practices English chatting with her American friend. A.in B.by C.for D.with ( )20. All the workers went home yesterday Mr.White.Why? Because he was on duty. A.Except B.besides C.except for D.beside 中考模拟演练中考模拟演练ABBA首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )21.When did the earthquake in Lushan happen? It happened 8 02 the

46、 morning of April 20,2013. A.on;in B.at;in C.at;on D.on;on ( )22. Do you often go swimming Sunday mornings? Yes.Why not with me this Sunday? A.on;go B.in;to go C.on;going D.in;going ( )23. Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays October! A.in B.on C.at D.to ( )24. Ma

47、y 7,Bruce won the second prize in the piano competition. A.In B.At C.On D.For 中考模拟演练中考模拟演练CAAC首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )25. We are planning to have a surprise party her fifteenth birthday. A.at B.in C.for D.with ( )26. Could you tell me the way to the Science Museum,please? Yes,walk along this street.Youll

48、 see it your left. A.on B.in C.for D.over ( )27. We couldnt finish our work so early your help. A.Without B.with C.for D.by ( )28. It is important us students to make a plan our studies before a new term starts. A.for;for B.of;for C.to;of D.with;on C中考模拟演练中考模拟演练AAC首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页( )29. The policema

49、n helped the old woman go the road. A.above B.across C.through D.over ( )30. If you keep on, youll learn to write English. A.in B.for C.at D.on ( )31. Can you tell me what your aim is in life, Li Ping?I am aiming a famous physicist. A.at B.for C.in D.to ( )32.They arrived _ Shanghai _ a cold morningA.in;i