电力专业英语第二讲

1、山东交通学院电气系张建军 词汇continuity n. kntnju:ti 连续性；串联，衔接He said he stood for continuity rather than change.reliability n. rlablt可靠性grid n. grd高压输电网；格子; 地图上的坐标方格; 系统网络;phase n. fez 阶段; 相; 物理学 相位; 方面，侧面;combustion n. kmbstn燃烧，烧毁; 氧化; 骚动;diesel n. di:zl 柴油；柴油机; 柴油机机车; It is hardly possible to take one page for

2、 listing all the ways in which diesel engines are used.shaft n. ft机械轴；柄，轴; 矛，箭; vt. 给装上杆柄; rotor n. rot(r) 转子；旋翼; 轮子，旋转器;bearing n. ber 轴承；方位; 支座; 关系; 态度，举止;cylindrical a. slndrkl 圆筒型的；气缸（或滚筒）的;nozzle n. n:zl喷嘴；俚鼻子;Its nozzle was smeared with some kind of lubricant. 注：smear sm(r)弄脏; 涂沫periphery n. p

3、rfri 表面；外围; 边缘; 圆周; 边缘地带;blade n. bled叶片桨叶; 刀片，剑; 词汇与词组condense v. kndens凝结成液体；压缩; 精简; （使） 冷凝; （使） 凝结;kinetic a. knetk 运动的，活跃的，能动的，有力的; 动力（学）的;fission n. fn 分裂；核分裂; 分裂生殖;plutonium n. plu:tnim钚vaporization n. veprazen 蒸发；汽化pelton wheel 冲击式水轮机；佩尔顿式水轮机pelton 人名 佩尔顿; Francis turbine 轴向辐流式水轮机vane n. ven水

4、轮机叶片；叶; 风向标; 反复无常的人;municipality n. mju:nsplti市政府；自治市; 市政当局;opitmum n. ptmm最佳；最有利； 生物学 最适度;pylon n. paln 高压电缆铁塔; 桥塔,标塔; at the very instant 在某一时刻（强调）with respect to 关于；就而论；根据the pilot-plant 小规模实验性工厂（装置）pilot-plant paltpl:nt中间试验装置give off 发出课文内容As the power industry grows, so do the economic and engi

5、neering problems connected with the generation, transmission and distribution systems used to produce and handle the vast quantities of electrical energy consumed today. These systems together form an electrical power system.generation 发电transmission 输电distribution 配电It is important to note that the

6、 industry that produces electrical energy is unique in that it manufactures its product at the very instant that it is required by the customerIt is important to note 强调句 译：特别要注意的是；需要特别指出的是Industry 在这里专指电力工业unique唯一的，仅有的; 独一无二的，独特的; 不平常的Energy for the generation of electricity can be stored in the f

7、orm of coal and oil, and of water in reservoirs and lakes, to meet future requirements, but this does not decrease the need for generator capacity to meet the customers demands.Energy for the generation of electricity can be stored 被动语态的使用，目的是说清楚客观事物。reservoirs rezvw:(r)蓄水池; 水库; 储藏; 蓄积;generator cap

8、acity 发电机容量It is obvious that the problem of the continuity of service is very important for an electrical power system. No service can be completely protected from the possibility of failure and clearly the cost of the system will depend on its reliability. It is obvious that 强调句式，可译作：显而易见continuit

9、y of service 根据context, service专指供电服务，应译作：供电的连续性failure根据context，此处不是失败，而是指故障reliability可靠性A balance must therefore be struck between reliability and cost; and the final choice will depend on the size of the load, its character, the source of possible interruptions and the users requirements. A bala

10、nce must therefore be struck between reliability and cost.此处虽然是被动句，但翻译是最好译为主动句。译文：因此，（我们）必须在可靠性和成本之间进行平衡。its character负荷的特点 character 性格; 角色; 特点source of possible interruptions 可能的故障源However, a net reliability gain is obtained by employing a certain number of generating units and by using automatic

11、breakers for the separation into sections of the bus bars in generating stations and of the transmission lines in a national or international grid system. net n. 网; 网状织物; 球网; 网罩; vt. 用网捕; 捕获; 净赚; 踢入球门; adj. 净的; 净得的; 最后的;a net reliability gain 电网可靠性的提高automatic breakers 自动断路器the separation into secti

12、ons of the bus bars 母线分段In fact a large system comprises numerous generating stations and loads interconnected by high-capacity transmission lines. An individual unit of generation or set of transmission lines can usually cease to function without interrupting the general prises包括; 组成; 构成; 包含;interc

13、onnected互相连接numerous generating stations and loads interconnected by high-capacity transmission lines. 过去分词做定语大量由高容量输电线路连接的发电厂和负荷句 子The most usual system today for generation and for the general transmission of power is the three-phase system. In favor of this system are its simplicity and its savin

14、g with respect to other ac systems. the general transmission of power （通用）电力传输，通用可不译出with respect to相对于; 关于.In particular, for a given voltage between conductors, with a given power transmitted, with a given distance, and with a given line loss, the three-phase system requires only 75 per cent of th

15、e copper or aluminum needed in the single-phase system. In particular特别; 特别地,尤其,详细地; 特别地;copper kp(r)铜; 铜币; 紫铜色; 警察aluminum lju:minm铝; 纯铝; 铝合金;Another important advantage of the three-phase system is that three-phase motors are more efficient than single-phase ones. The sources of energy for large-s

16、cale electricity generation are:three-phase motors 三相电动机sources of energy 能源large-scale electricity generation大规模发电句子的英译汉（重点）1. steam obtained by means of a conventional fuel (coal, oil or natural gas), the combustion of city refuse or the employment of nuclear fuel;2. water;3. diesel power from oil

17、.by means of借助; 通过,借助于; 用;conventional fuel常规燃料; 普通燃料;city refuse城市垃圾There are other possible sources of energy such as direct solar heat, wind power, tidal power, etc., but none of these has yet gone beyond the pilot-plant stage.direct solar heat直接太阳能tidal power潮汐能etc. et setr等等，以及其他 and so onpilot

18、-plant stage试验装置阶段In large steam power plants, the thermal energy stored in steam is converted into work by means of turbines. A turbine consists essentially of a shaft or rotor fixed in bearings and enclosed in a cylindrical casing. The rotor is made to turn smoothly by means of jets of steam from

19、nozzles around the periphery of the turbine cylinder. is converted into被转换成shaftft柄，轴; 矛，箭bearingber轴承，支座; 关系; 态度，举止,忍受;a cylindrical casing圆柱体外壳jets of steam喷射出的蒸汽nozzlesn:zl喷嘴;periphery prfri外围; 边缘; 圆周; 边缘地带These steam jets strike blades attached to the shaft. Central power stations employ condens

20、ing turbines in which the steam passes into a condenser after leaving the turbine. strike blades 冲击（汽轮机）叶片attached to the shaft安装在转轴上的Central power stations中心发电站condensing turbines凝汽式汽轮机，是指蒸汽在汽轮内膨胀做功以后，除小部分轴封漏气之外，全部进入凝汽器凝结成水的汽轮机Condensation is effected by the circulation of large quantities of cold

21、water through the tubes of the condenser, thus increasing the expansion ratio of the steam and the consequent efficiency and work output of the turbine. The turbines are connected directly to large electricity generators. circulations:kjlen血液循环; 流通，传播; 发行量; （某段时间的） 社交活动;the tubes of the condenser冷凝管

22、expansion ratio膨胀系数; 膨胀比consequent efficiency（随后的）效率work output功率输出;In turbines the action of the steam is kinetic. There is progressive expansion of the steam from the high pressure and relatively small volume at which it enters the turbine to the low pressure and relatively very great volume at wh

23、ich it leaves. kinetic knetk运动的，活跃的，能动的，有力的progressive expansion 逐级膨胀volumevlju:m体积; 卷; 音量; 量，大量;In turbines the action of the steam is kinetic.译文：在汽轮机中，蒸汽的作用是提供动能。Steam is made by heating water in a boiler. The usual boiler has a furnace in which fuel is burned and the heat given off during combust

24、ion is conducted through the metal walls of the boiler to generate steam at a pressure within the boiler vessel. boilerbl(r)锅炉; 烧水壶; 热水器 furnace f:ns熔炉，火炉; 极热的地方; 严峻的考验或磨难;metal walls 金属壁boiler vessel汽包In nuclear plants, steam is generated with the aid of a reactor in which the controlled fission of

25、 uranium or plutonium supplies the necessary heat for the vaporization of water. Thus the reactor replaces the steam generator of conventional plants. controlled fission受控裂变vaporization of water水的汽化steam generator 蒸汽发生器（锅炉）Use is made of the energy possessed by water in hydroelectric stations. In or

26、der to transform this energy into work, hydraulic turbines are used. Modern hydraulic turbines may be divided into two classes: impulse turbines and pressure or reaction turbines. hydroelectric stations水电站hydraulic turbines水轮机two classes：冲击式和反击式均是利用水流与转轮叶片的作用力和反作用力原理将水流能量传给转轮，使转轮旋转释放出机械能。Of the form

27、er, the Pelton wheel is the only type used in important installations; of the latter, the Francis Turbine or one of its modifications is universally employed.Pelton wheel培尔顿式水轮机important installations大型电站the Francis Turbine In an impulse turbine, the whole head of water is converted into kinetic ene

28、rgy before the wheel is reached, as the water is supplied to the wheel through a nozzle. head of water水的落差kinetic ener动能wheelwi:l轮子; 旋转 此处专指叶轮In the pressure or reaction turbine the wheel (or runner) is provided with vanes into which water is directed by means of a series of guide vanes around the w

29、hole periphery. The water leaving these guide vanes is under pressure and supplies energy partly in the kinetic form and partly in the pressure form.pressure or reaction turbine 反击式或反动式水轮机vane 叶片guide vanes导向叶片peripheryprfri外围; 边缘; 边缘地带The diesel engine is an excellent prime mover for electricity ge

30、neration in plants below about 10,000 kVA. It has the advantage of low fuel cost, a brief warming-up period and low standing losses. Moreover it requires little cooing water. dieseldi:zl内燃机;柴油机; 柴油机机车;柴油狄赛尔1858年出生在法国巴黎（德国人）a brief warming-up period 短的预热时间low standing losses低（备用）损耗Diesel generation i

31、s generally chosen for small power requirements by municipalities, hotels and factories; hospitals often keep an independent diesel generator for emergency supply.municipalities自治市，自治区，自治市或区的政府当局emergency supply紧急备用电源The transmission of electrical energy by means of lines is a great problem in elect

32、rical power systems. Transmission lines are essential for three purposes:1. To transmit power from a hydroelectric site to a load centre perhaps a considerable distance away; by means of lines 通过输电线路的方式a load centre 一个负荷中心considerable distance away相当大的距离2. For the bulk supply of power from steam sta

33、tions to load centers a relatively short distance away;3. For interconnection purposes to transfer energy from one system to another in case of emergency.The transmission voltage is determined largely by economic factors. the bulk supply of power大量的电能供应steam stations 蒸汽电站（主要指火电站）interconnection purp

34、oses互连用途economic factors经济因素In fact, in a transmission line, if the distance, the power and the power loss are fixed, the total weight of the conductor varies inversely as the square of the transmission voltage. For the economic transmission of power over considerable distances the voltage must ther

35、efore be high. power loss 功率损耗varies inversely as the square of the transmission voltage与输电电压成反比变化For the economic transmission of powerover considerable distances为了远距离输电的经济性Naturally with higher voltages the insulation cost also rises and to find the optimum voltage we must strike a balance between this cost and the saving throng （through)the reduction of the cross-section of the conductors.insulation cost 绝缘成本optimum voltage 最优电压throng