独立主格结构讲解

1、一、独立主格结构的构成形式一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 1、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-ing+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：的动作。如： 1)._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was A独立主格结构独立主格结构 独立主格结构的模式是：独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词+

2、+分词分词/ /形容词形容词/ /副词副词/ /不定式不定式/ /介词短语介词短语( (作逻辑主语）作逻辑主语） （作逻辑谓语）（作逻辑谓语） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词+ +分词分词 ( (过去分词过去分词/ /现在分词）现在分词）主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词 + +

3、形容词形容词1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress. 主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词 + + 副词副词The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名词主格名词/

4、/代词代词 + + 不定式不定式主格名词主格名词/ /代词代词 + +介词短语介词短语Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.with复合结构复合结构 与与 独立主格结构独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是： with+with+名词名词/ /代词代词+ +分词分词/ /形容词形容词/ /副词副词/ /不定式不定式/ /介词短语介词短语独立主格结构的模式是： 主格

5、名词主格名词/ /代词代词+ +分词分词/ /形容词形容词/ /副词副词/ /不定式不定式/ /介词短语介词短语一、作时间状语一、作时间状语 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got mo

6、ving.二、作原因状语二、作原因状语 1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. = The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.2、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room. = The key having been lost, she could not enter the room. 三、作条件状语三、作条件状语 1、Wi

7、th time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. = Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. 2、With the car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain. = The car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain. 四、作伴随状语四、作伴随状语 1、The mother was cleaning the house with

8、her baby playing on the bed. =The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed. 2、Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand. = Last night I followed him , sword in hand. 无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.withwith复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词词. Soon she arrived at a