初中定语从句讲解

1、 A matchingA matching game game！Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He i

2、s a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?Ilikequietmusic.Ilikemusicthatisquiet.定语从句定语从句1.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句在复合

3、句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句定语从句先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和和关系副词（关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。在句中作状语。I like music that/which I c

4、an dance to.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her. I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I have some friends. Some friends like sports.I have some friends who li

5、ke sports. 修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词修饰先行词movieThewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词修饰先行词woman关系词关系词关系代词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：关系代词：指物：指物：thatwhich指人：指人：wh

6、o(主主/宾格宾格)thatwhom（宾格）（宾格）关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehousewhic

7、hisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which/that作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.2.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.3.Ilostthepenwhichmyfathe

8、rboughtme.()（作宾语）（作宾语）关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从引导的定语从句句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/that作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语作主语)1.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.2.Doy

9、ouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingyesterday?3.Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowersismycousin./thatwho/whom/that作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）作宾语）1.Theboywho(m)Imlookingforismyfriend.2.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.The

10、policecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.小结： that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.who指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用有时只能用that,不用不用which,常见

11、的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。ThatsallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverre

12、ad.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修等修饰时。饰时。ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以当主句以who或或which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用that,而不用而不用which或或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词

13、用先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.whose作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which 例句赏析Itsaninventionwhich/tha

14、tisusedforkeepingofftherain.飘飘Itsabookthat/whichwaswrittenbyMargaretMitchell.Gone with the windItstheWallthat/whichwasbuiltbyChinesepeople.Itsananimalthat/which.Its an animal that / which has big nose.Exercise1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I receive

15、d yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have li

16、ved for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen sin