语法专题之宾语从句

1、语法专题之宾语从句宾语从句是我们中考考查的重点语法之一：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (

2、介词宾语)2.连接词(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking ab

3、out whether well go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you? 特殊情况：当do you think后接特

4、殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如： Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth mo

5、ves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I

6、 know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed

7、that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句

8、是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the

9、 ground.试试看，你都学会了吗？-语法巩固练习一、单项选择题。1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the c

10、inema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how m

11、uch these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. t

12、he time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorr

13、ow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave

14、 D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school

15、tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. wha

16、t should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. wheth

17、er I found out the sender of the money二、阅读理解。（成都实验外国语学校直升生试题）A Emilys wedding dress arrived at five oclock in the afternoon, just seventeen hours before her marriage “I must try it on, mother!” she cried, as she ran upstairs. Three minutes later Emilys cries brought her mother upstairs. The dress wa

18、s much bigger for her. Emily was in tears. “Take it back to the dress makers,” Mrs. Bale said. “She must change it tonight. Hurry up now. Take it off and go. ” The dress makers shop was closed. “CLOSED FOR WEEKS HOLIDAY”, said a notice on the door. She ran home again to her mother. “This is unlucky,

19、” Mrs. Bale said. “But what are we going to do? Shall I ask Mrs. Peters to help? She was once a dress maker. I am sure she could change it for you.” Mrs. Peters was brought in and began to work. She could see what was wrong. She had to take in a lot of materials at the front, and that was a big job.

20、 In fact she almost made it again. At about ten oclock the work was finished, and Emily tried it on. It suited her beautifully. The three women were having a cup of tea when the door-bell rang. Mrs. Bale answered it and looked into the worried eyes of a young woman, who was carrying a large flat box

21、.“Does Miss Emily Bale live here?” she asked out of breath.“Yes, she is my daughter.”“Oh, I am glad Ive found you. Theres been a mistake. Your daughter has my wedding dress, and Ive got hers. And I am getting married tomorrow!” She held out the box to Mrs. Bale.1. Emily was going to get married at _

22、 the next day. A. 9 a.m B. 10 a.m C. 11 a.m D.5 p.m2. Emily failed to change her wedding dress at the dress makers, because _. A. the shop was closed for holiday B. her mother took her dress back home earlier C. Mrs. Peters was too bad to change her dress D. there was not enough time for the dress m

23、aker3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Mrs. Peters was once a dress maker. B. Mrs. Peters was glad to help Emily. C. The dress makers will be open after the holiday. D. Mrs. Peters didnt do a good job in changing the dress.4. The young woman carried a large flat box. In it there was _. A. a p

24、iece of cloth B. Emilys wedding dress C. her own wedding dress D. a present for the Bales5. The mistake had probably been made by _. A. Mrs. Bale B. Mrs. Peters C. Emilys father D. the dress maker BWhen Williams met Jennifer I was on the train, on my way home, when I saw Jennifer sitting in the same

25、 carriage.My first thought was “its her”. It was the girl I used to see every day in the library when we were at university. Often I couldnt concentrate on my work when she was sitting so close to me, but in fact, we never spoke once, all the time we were there. And now, eight years later, here she

26、was. So I walked up to her and said, “Weve met before, havent we? Werent you at Durham University?” Not a great line, I know, but it broke the ice, and we talked for the rest of the journey. We got off the train at the same station, she said goodbye and disappeared. I was kicking myself for not gett

27、ing her telephone number. But then, thank goodness, she came back and said she had to wait on the same platform for the next train. We continued talking, but when her train arrived, I realized I still didnt have her number. This was my last chance. I pushed a pen at her and she wrote the number on a

28、 piece of paper just as the train pulled out. I got home and the first thing I said to my roommate was: “Do you remember that girl I couldnt stop talking about at university?” And he said, “Oh, no yes, of course I remember ” I then talked about her non-stop for an hour. Finally, I phoned her later t

29、hat evening and we decided to meet the next day. Six months later we went to Australia and worked together for a year. When we came back, we got married. Its the only thing in my life Ive ever felt completely certain about. 6. Williams first saw Jennifer _. A. in Australia B. on the train C. in the

30、library D. on the way home 7. The underlined part in the third paragraph most probably means _. A. I felt angry with myself B. I felt happy about myself C. I felt pleased with myself D. I felt excited about myself8. Which of the following is put in the right order? (1) Williams and Jennifer got off

31、the train together. (2) Williams asked Jennifer for her telephone number. (3) Williams saw Jennifer sitting in the same carriage. (4) Williams and Jennifer waited for the train on the same platform. A. 3412 B. 2431 C. 3142 D. 14239.Whats the relationship between Williams and Jennifer? A. They are cl

32、assmates B. They are strangers. C. They are mother and son. D. They are a married couple.10. This is a _ story. A. sad B. funny C. shocking D. romanticC Want to travel as cheaply as possible while enjoying the great sights as many as you like?Backpacking is the way. As the most popular traveling cho

33、ice among young western people, backpacking allows you to travel where you want. Carrying a tent, a sleeping bag and clothes, backpackers also need to make some preparations for the challenges.The rich may stay in expensive hotels where everything is provided. But backpackers carry everything in a l

34、arger bag and do all things on their own to travel through unknown places.To travel with as little money as possible, they stay in cheap hotels called youth hotels, or on the campuses of schools and universities, and they even sleep in railway stations, in tents or under bridges.Young people in Euro

35、pe often travel around by train. Now, as the prices of the plane tickets become cheaper, more people are traveling to far countries, such as Australia and China. And some just travel in their own countries. But no matter where a backpacker travels, planning in advance is important if he or she wants

36、 to enjoy the trip.Three kinds of cards are needed while traveling: Student Identity Card (ID), personal ID and a credit card. A student ID can be helpful for saving money. It often gets train tickets and entrance tickets for lower prices in many western countries. Personal ID card can help people s

37、olve the problems. Carrying a credit card can be a safe way of carrying money, because cash can easily get lost, stolen or wet.And of course, dont forget to enjoy your trip!11. In young western peoples eyes, _ is the most popular traveling choice. A. backpacking B. traveling by airC. staying in hote

38、ls D. driving a caravan12. From the article, we know that young people in Europe often travel around _. A. by coach B. by train C. by ship D. on foot13. The Writer believes that backpackers cant enjoy the trip without _. A. a map B. a guide C. enough money D. planning in advance14. According to the

39、article, in many western countries a student ID card can help a backpacker to _. A. be served better B. get cheaper tickets C. get out of trouble D. travel everywhere free15. Which of the following is not mentioned as the advantage of backpacking? A. Enjoying great sights B. Spending less money C. M

40、aking more friends D. Traveling where you want. DMany teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, in particular their parents, dont know them as well as their friends do. _16_.And then they can only go to their friends for a

41、dvice. _17_. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in childrens growing up. _18_. _19_. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice

42、” is an interesting one. _20_ Who chooses your friends? Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you？ Have you got a good friend your parents dont like？ Your answers are welcome.A. Because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members. B. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each otherC. It is very important for teenagers to have one good frien