高中英语必修五UNIT 1Grammar

1、2021/3/912021/3/92Used as the Attribute and PredicativePast participle (1)2021/3/931. So many thousands of terrified people died.2. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.attributeattributep

2、redicativeWhat is the past participle used for?2021/3/94a piece of broken glassboiled watera used stampa buried box of coinsa damaged computerworn-out shoes一片碎玻璃一片碎玻璃开水开水一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票一箱埋起来的硬币一箱埋起来的硬币穿破的鞋子穿破的鞋子一台损坏了的计算机一台损坏了的计算机过去分词作定语过去分词作定语Translate the following phrases.2021/3/95Complete the tabl

3、e with phrases that have the same meaning.terrified peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma pleased winnerpeople terrified of (cholera)seats reserved for water polluted by a room crowded of a winner pleased at 2021/3/96children astonished at/by a vase broken by a door closed by the audienc

4、e tired by an animal trapped in /byastonished childrena closed door the tired audience a trapped animal a broken vase 2021/3/97一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。完成的意义，常作前置定语。 a lost animal 一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的

5、手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 spoken English 英语口语英语口语 written exercises 书面练习书面练习2021/3/98 少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义过去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家发

6、达国家 a drunk man 一个醉鬼一个醉鬼 a returned student 一名归国留学生一名归国留学生 a retired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 过去的岁月过去的岁月2021/3/992、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。成意义。 How I regretted the hours wasted in thewoods! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth T

7、he books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 2021/3/910 Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1) He told us of the great wrong done to him. = He told us of the great wrong _ to him.which had been done注注: : 本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被

8、动又表完成。又表完成。2021/3/9112）The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country _ .which has developed注注: : 本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?= Have you noticed the bridge _ there?which is being built注：注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动本句中的过去分词作定

9、语，表示被动的动作正在进行。作正在进行。2021/3/912 I dont know the girl _ (catch) in the snow storm.解析：小女孩是解析：小女孩是“被困被困”在暴风雪中，所以在暴风雪中，所以空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。2. The girl _ (knock) down by a car was dying.解析：小女孩是解析：小女孩是“被被”小汽车小汽车“撞倒撞倒”的，的，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。典型例题典型例题caughtknocked 2021/3/9133. Aft

10、er completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _ (provide). 解析解析: 动词动词provide与其逻辑主语与其逻辑主语envelop是是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is vided 2021/3/9144. “Its such a nice place.” Mother said as she sat at the table _ (reserve) for customers. 解析：解析：reserve 和谓

11、语动词和谓语动词sat 之间没有连之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语词，且和其逻辑主语the table 逻辑上构逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。reserved2021/3/9155. Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ (appoint) to guard her. 6. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _

12、 (return) to our shop for quality problems.7. The players _ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. appointedreturnedselected2021/3/9168. Tsinghua University, _ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 解析：句中的主语解析：句中的主语Tsinghua Uni

13、versity与与found构成逻辑上的被动关系；再根据时构成逻辑上的被动关系；再根据时间间1911年可知年可知found动作已经完成，故用动作已经完成，故用过去分词。过去分词。founded2021/3/9179. So far nobody has claimed the money _ (discover) in the library. 解析：该空在句中作后置定语，修饰解析：该空在句中作后置定语，修饰the money，根据，根据the money与与discover的被动的被动关系，可判断填关系，可判断填discovered。discovered2021/3/91810. A gre

14、at number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. 解析：解析：question与与students 存在被动关系，存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。分词。questioned 2021/3/91911. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ (borrow) from the library. 解析：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题解析：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格

15、划在名词干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是后，空格后部分是对对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。根据句意，词做定语。根据句意，borrow的动作已经的动作已经完成，因此填完成，因此填borrowed。borrowed 2021/3/92012. The island, _ (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 解析：解析：join to 表示表示“把把连接起连接起来来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句相当于定语从句which is

16、joined 。joined2021/3/921过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上 首先，在语态上不同：首先，在语态上不同：现在分词表示主现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多表示被动的意思。动的意思，而过去分词多表示被动的意思。请比较：请比较：surprising news 使人吃惊的消息使人吃惊的消息 surprised listeners 吃惊的听众吃惊的听众值得注意的是，有一些过去分词由不及物值得注意的是，有一些过去分词由不及物动词变来，它们只表示一个动作已完成，动词变来，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有

17、被动的意味。例如：没有被动的意味。例如：fallen leaves 落叶落叶2021/3/922其次，时间关系上不同：一般来说，其次，时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。词所表示的动作往往已经完成。请比较：请比较： the changing world 正在发生变化的世界正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经变化了的世界已经变化了的世界2021/3/9231. There was a terrible noise _ (follow) the sudden burst of

18、light.答案答案following。由于声音在闪电后，因此为由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。用现在分词。2. _ (follow) by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.答案答案Followed。 Napoleon 与与follow 之间有被之间有被动的含义。动的含义。followingFollowed2021/3/924Read the sentences, paying attention to the past participle.The gl

19、ass is broken. Our classroom is crowded. The ground is covered with snow. I found that I was lost. Those days are gone. He is dead drunk. 2021/3/925二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多在内的多种形式。种形式。 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他

20、的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。2021/3/9262、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。所表示动作的承受者。 This shop is now closed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态状态) This shop is closed at

21、6 p.m. every day 这家商店每天这家商店每天6点关门。点关门。(动作）动作） 2021/3/9273、 现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的 主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词 作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系。的动宾关系。如：如： The news was exciting and we were all excited. The news was exciting and it excited us all. We were surprised at wh

22、at he said at the meeting. What he said at the meeting surprised us. 2021/3/928 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 2. _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 典型例题典型例题stuckRaised 2021/3/9293. _

23、(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. 4. As we joined the big crowd I got _ (separate) from my friends. Absorbedseparated2021/3/930一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 The concert _ (hold) at the Beijing Workers Stadium was a big success. 2. Walking out of the office with a _ (for

24、ce) smile on her face, she turned to say goodbye to her teacher. held forced 2021/3/9313. He asked his students to remain _ (seat) until all the papers had been handed in. 4. There was nothing _ (leave) in the fridge, so he had to go out for dinner. 5. The students were all _ (inspire) when they hea

25、rd the _ (inspire) news. seatedleftinspiredinspiring2021/3/9326. When he got back, he found that his bread had gotten _ (burn). 7. The police said on Thursday that they had a _ (suspect) person of the murder, which could be a great help to them. burntsuspected2021/3/9338. Fortunately, the _ (infect)

26、 people were sent to hospital immediately.9. The primary purpose is to make achievements in biological research _ (know) to the public.infected known 2021/3/93410. John told me that the _ (excite) plan was the one put forward by Mr. Zhang at yesterdays meeting.11. The museum once _ (build) for exhibiting famous cars has been pulled down.excitingbuilt 2021/3/935二、翻译题。二、翻译题。1. 丢了钱他自责不已。丢了钱他自责不已。 He _ about losing the money.2. 你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？好吗？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?got blamedlook so tired2021/3/9363. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望，我原以为它