高中英语必修一第四单元

1、Unit 4 EarthquakesWords listearthquake n. 地震 quake n. 地震right away 立刻；马上well n. 井crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破裂smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的farmyard n. 农场；农家pipe n. 管；导管burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发million n. 百万event n. 事件；大事as if 仿佛；好像at an end 结束；终结nation n. 民族；国家；国民canal n. 运河；水道steam

2、n. 蒸汽；水汽dirt n. 污垢；泥土ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪suffering n. 苦难；痛苦extreme adj. 极度的injure vt. 损害；伤害survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭brick n. 砖；砖块dam n. 水坝；堰堤track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的shock vt. & vi. （使）震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救trap vt. 使陷入困

3、境n. 陷阱；困境electricity n. 电；电流；电学disaster n. 灾难；灾祸dig out 掘出；发现bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井 miner n. 矿工shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处a (great) number of 许多；大量的title n. 标题；头衔；资格reporter n. 记者bar n. 条；棒；条状物damage n. & vt. 损失；损害frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj. 令人恐惧的congratulatio

4、n n. 祝贺；（复数）贺词judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓headline n. 报刊的大字标题cyclist n. 骑自行车的人Key words1. judge n. 评委、裁判员、法官He was a poor judge of man.他看人的能力很差。The prisoner was taken to the judge.他被带到了法官那儿。v. 断定、判断、判决A blind man cannot judge colors.

5、盲人不能判断颜色。翻译: 不要以貌取人。Dont judge a man by his appearance2. honour n./v. 荣誉、尊敬、敬意、纪念We should honour our parents. = We should show honour to our parents.honour sb. / sth. 尊重某人/事show honour to sb. / sth.in honour of 为了纪念The monumen was built in honour of the dead in the war.3. event 名词, 意为“(重要的、不同寻常的)事件

6、”。如：Leaving home was a major event in his life. This is one of the most important events in the history of mankind.event 意思还有“(事先安排好的)演出, 赛事,聚会”, “(体育比赛的)运动项目”等。如：The meeting was an important social event. The 800 meters is not his best event.4. end 结束 常用短语： at the end (of) 在末尾by the end of 到为止in th

7、e end 最后, 终于come to an end 完结at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所的场合, 它也可以用来表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示时间的场合到结束的时候, 用过去完成时态; in the end 意思“最后、终于练习The cold weather at last stopped_ March. （at the end of）Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last _. （at an end）If you go on with work, youll succeed _. （in t

8、he end）How many English words had you learned _ last term? (by the end of)词语辨析1. rise: 升起; 上升; 上涨；提拔，晋升(不能用于被动语态)raise: 举起; 使升起; 提高;养育，饲养 (可用于被动语态)练习He _from his chair when the door bell rang. （rose）Her job is _ chickens. （raising）Her temperature is still _. （rising）He _ in bank recently. （has risen

9、）2. damage, ruin, destroy damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词, 也可以用作名词, 用作名词时常与to something 连用。如:The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏, 以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物

10、的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作 “使毁灭”、 “使崩溃”、 “弄糟”解;用作名词时,它表示 “毁灭”、 “瓦解”、 “废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。 The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin.3. a (great) number of; a great deal of; a lot of; plenty of a (great) number of 修饰可数名词, 跟复数形式; a great deal of 修饰不可数名词; a lot o

11、f 后面既可以加可数名词, 也可以加不可数名词; plenty of 后面既可以加可数名词, 也可以加不可数名词。重点句子解析1. It seemed as if the world was at an end.as if 在表语从句中相当于that: It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed that the world was at an end!as if 似乎, 好像 = as thoughShe spoke to

12、me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情, 好像她早就认识我似的。2. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ruin 在此为名词, 意为“废墟”， 常和介词in搭配, in ruins意为“成废墟, 垮掉, 毁灭”。如：This earthquake left the whole town in ruins. His future is/lies in ruins.ruin还可作动词, 意为“毁坏, 毁掉”，ruined作形容词时, 只用在名词前，意为“毁坏的, 破败不堪的”。如：This illne

13、ss has ruined his life.The rain ruined my painting.When we got there, we saw a ruined castle.3. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.Trap 1.做动词1) 困住, 使陷于困境 如: Dozens of people were trapped in the building when the fire took place.Theres no way out! Were trapped!Julia f

14、elt trapped in her role of wife and mother. 2）诱骗, 诱使(trap sb into doing sth)”; 夹住, 压扁; 把储存 如: I was trapped into telling a lie.Take care not to trap your fingers in the door.How can you trap the suns heat?2作名词, 意为“圈套; 陷阱；计谋”, 构成的常见短语有：set a trap 设置陷阱fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套lay a trap for 为设下圈套fall

15、 into the trap of doing sth 做某事不明智keep your trap shut不把说出去, 不泄密 如: She felt that marriage was a trap.The police set a trap to catch the thief.Dont fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.Just keep your trap shut, and we wont get into trouble.Grammar定语从句定语：修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语，通常由形容词或形容词

16、性短语来充当。定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：定语从句中定语所修饰的名词或代词。 This is the best film that I have seen. 先行词限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。The man who came here yesterday has come again.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。My sister, who

17、 is twenty, works in a bank.引导定语从句的关系代词 that which who whom whose1.that即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。2.which指物, 作主语或宾语。3.who, whom指人, who作主语或宾语, whom作宾语。4.that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时, 可省去。1. that在从句中作主语或宾语, 指人和物 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语)2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. (宾语)3) Lets ask

18、the man that is reading the book over there. (主语)4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister. (宾语)2. which在从句中作主语或宾语, 指物1)They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主语) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语)3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)1) The foreigner who visited o

19、ur school yesterday is from Canada. (主语)2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. (主语) 3) The person whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (宾语) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . (宾语)whom指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl

20、is from America. I called her just now.The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.4. whose 在从句中作定语, 指人或物1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of . 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.练习Fill in the blanks wit

21、h who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a ea

22、rthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our math teacher.7. Look at that lady _ name is Rose.8. He is a teacher _ I like very much.9. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.10. Those _will go to the park stay here.11. That w

23、as all the money _I had.12. Is there any one here _ name is Tom?13. They talked for about an hour of things andpersons _ they remembered in the school.14. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing.15. I dont know the way _ he worked out.16. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.注意：that和which在指物

24、的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。单元检测试题一 单项填空1. Peter was killed in the earthquake! _ I talked with him last week. A. What a pity! B. I beg your pardon. C. Sorry to hear that. D. Is that so? 2. Well not attend the meeting _ we are invited.A. ifB. and C. unless D. once 3. They didnt attend the c

25、onference.They _ a long trip abroad.A. prepared B. were preparing for C. were preparing D. are preparing for4. Wash your hands with soap _ the experiment.A. in the end of B. at the end of C. to the end of D. by the end of5. His strength had almost _ when they found him in the desert.A. given out B.

26、given in C. given up D. given off6. Many people came to the meeting, _ of whom left early.A. number B. the numbers C. the number D. a number7. Ill spend my holiday in Shanghai, _ lies on the coast.A. whoB. which C. where D. that 8. On _ the bad news, she cried with her face _ in his hands.A. hear; b

27、ury B. hear; buried C. heard; burying D. hearing; buried9. Not far from the club, there was a garden, _ owner was seated in it playing cards with his children every afternoon.A. its B. whose C. which D. of which10. Its quite _ to score a goal in FIFA World Cup.A. a prize B. a price C. an honour D. a

28、 value11. I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago.A. whichB. whenC. where D. who12. The people there were greatly _ to see every-thing changed over a night. A. pleased B. shocked C. interested D. moved 13. Tell us about the people and the places _ are different

29、from ours.A. that B. whoC. whichD. whom14. _ is no wonder the building is _.A. It; in ruins B. That; in ruins C. This; in ruin D It; in ruin15. Do you mind if I open the window? _, but Ive caught a bad cold today. A. No, not at all B. Yes, of course not C. Yes, please D. Im sorry二 完形填空I have certain

30、ly seen lots of changes in my lifetime! I look around my home and see mod cons（现代化生活设备） that I could never have 16 of fifty or sixty years ago. I 17 the early part of childhood in a cottage without running water or electricity and yet these days, I feel 18 if there is a power cut for even just an ho

31、ur or two! So, I have changed too. Things that I couldnt even imagine in the past now seem quite 19 .I dont think, however, that people are happier today than they were 50 years ago. We are certainly materially better off than we were 20 most people still seem to be weighed 21 by problems. My daught

32、er and her family are a good 22 . They have a spacious, comfortable home with every labor-saving device you can 23 . Theres a washing machine, a clothes dryer, and all sorts of other household items which are 24 to save time but it seems to me that my daughter and her husband just spend all that “sa

33、ved” time 25 ! They 26 relax and are always complaining of being 27 and “stressed”.Children these days have all sorts of “educational toys” and yet they seem unable to 28 themselves. My daughter tries to 29 the time her children spend watching television but when they arent watching TV, they are sad

34、. They play with new 30 for a day or two and then 31 them once they have gone off them. When we were children, we had almost nothing but we were so 32 . We had all sorts of fun and games in the nearby woods. But, of course, children cant play 33 outdoors any longer. There is so much crime and parent

35、s are afraid to let their children go out alone 34 they are injured, kidnapped, raped or even murdered. These crimes may not be directly 35 with modern inventions but there must be some connection.16. A. seenB. dreamedC. spoken D. touched17. A. took B. cost C. spent D. afforded18. A. uneasy B. unluc

36、kyC. disappointed D. happy19. A. impressive B. impossible C. normal D. public20. A. so B. whileC. andD. but21. A. down B. at C. offD. up22. A. show B. type C. explanation D. example23. A. think ofB. think over C. think on D. think through24. A. builtB. arrangedC. designedD. formed25. A. playingB. wo

37、rking C. relaxing D. singing26. A. sometimes B. neverC. oftenD. regularly27. A. patientB. tiredC. specialD. worried28. A. learn B. know C. enjoy D. teach29. A. offer B. limitC. wasteD. stop30. A. programs B. gamesC. carsD. toys31. A. give offB. leave off C. get rid of D. get off32. A. inventive B. a

38、ctiveC. clever D. excited33. A. easily B. dangerouslyC. conveniently D. safely34. A. in case B. so that C. least D. even though35. A. connected B. dealt C. done D. made三： 阅读理解APablo Ruiz Picasso was the favorite child of his family. He was the only boy among a great many girl cousins. That was enoug

39、h to make him important, but the father loved him especially, because he knew his son was going to be an artist. Pablo knew the word for pencil even before he could see Mamma and Papa. When he was small, he spent hours by himself making delightful little drawings of animals and people. If his mother

40、 sent him out to play in the square, he went on drawing in the dust under the trees. Don Jose Ruiz, Pablos father, was director of the museum in southern Spain. He earned only a small salary, but there was not much work to do and he was able to practice his hobby, which was painting pigeons. Don lov

41、ed pigeons very much. He painted them dead or alive in ones and twos and in dozens. Sometimes he painted them on paper, cut them out and stuck them onto canvas (画布); sometimes he stuck real feathers onto his pictures. He knew a great deal about the technique of painting and he taught it all to Pablo

42、.Life in Malaga was very pleasant. In the hot sunshine father and son would walk down to the beach to look at the boats on the shore or wander around the open markets. They made a strange pair. Don was tall and thin, with red hair and beard, sad gray eyes and a fine set of whiskers (腮须). He was so s

43、hy and correct that he was nicknamed “the Englishman”. Pablo was quite the opposite. He had his mothers small, strong build (体格); he had straight black hair, and bright black eyes that noticed everything that was going on around him.36. Picassos father loved him especially, because .A. he was the on

44、ly boy in the family B. he was going to be an important person to his familyC. he showed the gift of an artist in his early childhoodD. he looked like his mother37. Pablos father painted a lot，because .A. he didnt have enough moneyB. he had plenty of timeC. he liked the pigeons, especially the dead

45、onesD. he looked after the museum38. Don Jose Ruiz and Pablo were a strange pair because .A. they liked to wander about the townB. they noticed everything that was going on around themC. one was tall and thin, the other was small and strongD. they looked so different from each other39. The best titl

46、e of the passage might be .A. Pablo Picasso: the great artistB. The Boyhood of Pablo PicassoC. Father of A Great ArtistD. Fathers Influence (影响) on His SonBBenjamin Franklin was truly what we call a “jack of all trades”. Although best known for his experiments with electricity, Franklin was a scient

47、ist, a politician, and almost everything in between.Franklin was born in Boston in 1706, the tenth and youngest of his fathers sons. When he was 12, Franklin worked as an apprentice. He worked in his older brother James printing shop. He secretly started publishing his writing under the false name o

48、f Silence Dogood. James wasnt pleased when he found out the writer was Ben. Ben stopped his job and set out for Philadelphia.In 1732, Franklin began publishing Poor Richards Almanack, where most of his sayings can be found. Many of these , such as “A penny saved is a penny earned”, remain popular to

49、day.Franklin is known as a Founding Father. This means that he was part of the group of men who founded their nation. He was a member of the Continental Congress and also the oldest person to sign both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.Electricity and weather were especially inter

50、esting to Franklin. He proved that lightning is electricity by catching sparks from a cloud while flying a kite in a storm.As Ben says, “If you would not be forgotten when you are dead and rotten, either write things worth reading or do things worth writing about. ”His theory seems to work, because

51、Ben followed both pieces of his own advice, and we still remember him centuries later!40. Though Franklin did many kinds of work, he .A. is mostly remembered for his experiments with electricityB. is better known as a Founding FatherC. is best known as the oldest man who signed the DeclarationD. is

52、remembered mostly as the author of Poor Richards Almanack41. The underlined word in the second paragraph probably means someone .A. who owns a printing shopB. who learns a trade by working with a skilled personC. who is skilled at his workD. who does business with a printing shop42. From the last pa

53、ragraph we can see that _.A. Franklin not only wrote things worth reading but also did things worth writing aboutB. Franklin listened to others advice and was remembered by the AmericansC. Franklin wrote things worth reading rather than did things worth writing aboutD. many people followed his advic

54、e and succeeded at lastCA star usually is someone who has become famous in sports, film, or pop music, someone like singer Michael Jackson. In the middle nineteen eighties, Michael Jackson successfully made a famous record, which quickly became the most popular recording in the history of music. Thi

55、s made Michael Jackson a bright star.One of the famous sports bright stars in the United States is Mohammed Ali. When he was a young man, he won a gold medal in the Olympic Games as a boxer. Then, he won first place in the world heavy weight boxing match. Before long, he was known as one of the greatest and most famous boxers in sports hist