牛津上海版高一上英语U5词汇句型精讲－教案

1、李洁意牛津高一上U5词汇句型精讲阅读拓展精讲U5重点词汇精讲1. mix (v) 使混合，拌合词组：mix sth with sth 把与混合例句：Shake the bottle so that you can mix the oil with the vinegar. 摇一下瓶子这样你可以把油和醋混合起来。【拓展】(1) mixed (a) 混合的例句：For lunch, I think Ill have the mixed grill. 对于午餐，我想我会吃烤杂排。(2) mixture (n) 混合物，混合剂例句：The city is a mixture of old and ne

2、w buildings. 这城市是新旧建筑的混合体。2. sound (v) 听起来似乎例句：She sounded a bit worried. 她听起来有一点担心。（a） 结实的，健康的，完好无损的词组：safe and sound 安然无恙例句：Lets hope everybody is safe and sound. 让我们希望每一个人都安然无恙。（n） 声音例句：Her sound is sweet. 她的声音很甜美。3. vegetarian (n) 素食者例句：Ive become a vegetarian. 我已经成为了一名素食主义者。【拓展】（1） vegetable (n

3、) 蔬菜（2） vegetarianism (n) 素食主义例句：She is an advocate of vegetarianism. 她是素食主义的拥护者。（3） vegetation (n) 植物例句：The hill has an abundance of green vegetation. 山上有葱郁茂盛的植被。4. influence (v) 影响词组：influence sb to do sth 影响某人做某事例句：My mum influenced me to become a lawyer. 我的妈妈影响我成为一名律师。（n）影响词组：have an influence o

4、n 对有影响 under the influence of 在的影响下例句：Generally, parents have a great influence on their children. 一般来说，父母对孩子的影响很大。 Under the influence of my father, I decided to become a doctor. 在我父亲的影响下，我决定成为一名医生。【拓展】（1）influential (a) 有影响力的词组：an influential politician 一名有影响力的政治家5. crowd (v) 使挤满，聚集例句：The children

5、 crowded around the TV. 孩子们聚集在电视机周围。（不及物） People crowded the restaurant. 人们挤满了这家餐厅。（及物） People crowded into the shopping mall on its opening day.（不及物） 购物中心开业那天，人们蜂拥而至。(n) 人群，群众词组：crowds of/ a crowd of 许许多多人例句：There are large crowds of people in the streets. 街上有许许多多人。【拓展】（1）crowded (a) 拥挤的词组：be crowd

6、ed with 挤满了例句：The street is crowded with people. 街上挤满了人。6. grow (v) 成长，种植、词组：grow 2 inches 长高了2英寸 a growing number 增长的数目 grow into 长成为 grow out of 因长大而穿不下 grow up 长大成人例句：There are a growing number of books in the library, the number of them is more than 3000. 图书馆里的书越来越多，数量达到了3000. She has grown into

7、 a beautiful woman. 她已经长成为一名美丽的女人。 She grows out of her coat. 她长大衣服穿不下了。 What do you want to be when you grow up? 当你长大了想做什么？7. instead (adv) 代替，反而例句：Nowadays many tools are not made of metals, but plastic instead. 现在很多工具不是由金属制成，而是由塑料制成的。（instead 通常放在句末，或句首用逗号隔开） I will go to attend the international

8、 conference instead of him. 我将代替他参加这个国际会议。 （instead of 通常放在句中，后面跟成分）8. contain (v) 包含，表示包含之物的全部例句：The water in the lake contains salt. 这个湖里的水有盐。 The bowl contained a variety of fruits. 这个碗里有各种水果。【拓展】include (v) 包含，包括，表示包含之物的一部分例句：The trip includes a lunch at a famous restaurant. 这次旅行包括了一次在著名餐厅的午餐。 T

9、here are 6 people, including 3 women.（放在宾语之前） 这里有六个人，其中包括三个女人。 The price for the book is 15 dollars, taxes included.（放在被修饰的名词或代词后） 这本书的价格是15美元，含税。9. appetite (n) 食欲词组：lose ones appetite 食欲不振 have a good/bad appetite for 胃口好/坏例句：When I was ill, I completely lost my appetite for food. 当我生病的时候，我完全没有胃口吃

10、东西。 He has a good appetite for pizza 他很喜欢吃披萨。10. source (n) 来源，出处词组：the sources of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地 the source of knowledge 知识的源泉【拓展】resource (n) 资源词组：natural resources 自然资源11. energy (n) 能量，活力，精力词组：be full of energy 精力充沛例句：Good sleep can keep you full of energy. 好的睡眠能使你精力充沛。【拓展】(1) energetic (a) 精力

11、充沛的词组：be energetic in doing sth 精力充沛做某事例句：We need to be more energetic in promoting ourselves abroad. 我们需要更积极地向国外宣传自己。(2) energize (v) 供给能量，使有活力例句：The charity hopes the activity will energize volunteers. 这个慈善机构希望此活动会激励志愿者。12. variety (n) 多样化，种类变化词组：a variety of 各种各样的例句：They have a variety of opinion

12、s. 他们有各种各样的意见。【拓展】(1) various (a) 不同的，各种各样的例句：The jacket is available in various colours. 这件夹克有各种颜色提供。(2) vary (v) 使不同，使多样化词组：vary from person to person 因人而异例句：Attitudes towards the issue vary from person to person. 对待这件事的看法因人而异。13. increase (v) 增加词组：increase in value/price 升值/涨价 increase in importa

13、nce 重要性增加 increase by 增加了 increase fromto. 从增加到例句：Investments are certain to increase in value. 投资一定会升值。 The protection of environment increases in importance. 环境保护越来越重要。 Food prices increased by 10% in less than a year. 食品的价格在不到一年的时间里就涨了10%。The salary increases from 30000 yuan a year to 40000 yuan.

14、工资从每年3万增加到每年4万。(n) 增加词组：be on the increase 不断增长例句：The number of students studying abroad is on the increase. 出国读书的学生数量在不断增长。【拓展】(1) decrease (v) 减少词组：decrease in number 数目减少 decrease by 减少了 decrease fromto 从减少到例句：Some rare animals are decreasing in number. 一些珍稀动物的数量正在减少。 Average house prices decreas

15、ed by 13% last year. 去年房屋均价下降了13%。 The salary decreases from 40000 yuan a year to 30000 yuan a year. 工资从每年的4万元下降到3万元。(n) 减少词组：be on the decrease 在下降例句：The number of rare animals is on the decrease. 珍稀动物的数量在减少。14. attack (n) 攻击，疾病发作词组：heart attack 心脏病发作(v) 攻击，侵害词组：attack the enemy 进攻敌人例句：They have wo

16、rked out a strategy to attack the enemy. 他们已经想出了攻击敌人的策略。15. decide (v) 决定词组：decide on sth 对某事做出决定例句：They have decided on how to deal with the prisoner. 他们已经对如何处置这个囚犯作出了决定。【拓展】(1) decision (n) 决定词组：come to/ arrive at/ reach a decision 作出决定 give a decision for/ against 判决对有利/不利 leaveto the decision of

17、 由来决定某事 make a decision 作出决定 with decision 断然例句：Please come to a decision as soon as possible. 请尽快作出决定。 They gave a decision against the wishes of the leader. 他们做出了对领导意愿不利的判决。 They left their leader to the decision whether the project should go on. 他们由领导来决定这个项目是否应该继续。 We should make a decision. 我们应该

18、做一个决定。 The voice firmed with decision. 嗓音变得果断坚定。16. tellfrom 区分，辨别例句：It can also help us tell facts from wrong opinions. 它也可以帮助我们分辨出事实和错误的观点。【拓展】(1) tell sth apart 区分某物例句：Its easy to tell my pills apart because theyre different colours. 我的药片很容易区分因为它们的颜色不一样。17. intelligent (a) 聪颖的，有才智的例句：I think I am

19、 the least intelligent person in my group. 我认为我是我们组里最不聪明的人。【拓展】(1) intelligence (n) 才智例句：The woman who had both beauty and intelligence. 那个美貌与智慧并存的女人。(2) intellect (n) 智力例句：This book can develop childrens intellect. 这本书可以发展孩子的智力。课堂练习一、 选择框中适当内容并以适当形式填空instead of instead decide on with decision veget

20、able mixture energetic sound increase by vary influence(1) The story you told me yesterday _ strange.(2) On this trip well try staying in a farm house _ in a hotel. (3) After leaving university, Alice _ a career in a publish house.(4) He didnt laugh at us. _, he tried his best to help us.(5) The gir

21、ls come from a _ of different backgrounds.(6) The volume of total exports _ around 10 percent next year.(7) The restaurant offers a special menu for _.(8) He enjoys drinking _ cocktails.(9) She uses her _ friends to get a job.(10) Oil shortages have brought about an _ crisis. 参考答案：sounded instead of

22、 decided on Instead variety will increase by vegetarians mixed influential energy二、 翻译句子1. 人们喜欢以短信来取得联系，而不是打电话。（instead of）2. 我们必须仔细地比较，然后决定最终的文章。（decide on, before）3. 这种植物的叶子含有很多维生素，蛋白质和矿物质。（contain）4. Jack 午饭没有吃面条。反而，他吃了米饭和鱼。（Instead）5. 一大群人聚集在广场上。（crowd）6. 他们俩在很多方面相互影响。（influence）7. 这个房子的基础不是很结实。

23、（sound）8. 你能区别真伪吗？（tellfrom）参考答案：1. People like getting in touch with each other by sending short messages instead of making phone calls.2. We must make comparisons carefully before we decide on the final article.3. The leaves of the plant contain a lot of vitamins, protein and minerals.4. Jack didn

24、t have noodles for lunch. Instead, he had rice and fish.5. A huge crowd gather in a square.6. They two influence each other in many ways.7. The foundation of the house are not very sound.8. Can you tell the real from the false?9. 阅读拓展精讲时事类文章 一、考点描述在近年的高中英语阅读理解题中,常有时事新闻报道类的文章,其内容与人们的生活息息相关,如战争、环境、人口、

25、能源等,这类材料往往语言地道、内容时新。二、材料特点时事类阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。1） 标题是新闻报道中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，必然是命题者考虑设题的重点。这类阅读理解材料常不给出标题，而要考生选择标题。因此，同学们平时在做时事新闻类阅读理解题时要特别注意研究标题和英语标题的特点。2） 知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概

26、括新闻事实，5W(When, Where, Who, What, Why) 包括其中。因此，抓导语便对时事事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。3） 欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻时事类文章背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述。4） 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。三、命题特点此类阅读材料的命题在新闻背景和主体部分设题较多，有时可能会省去一两个部分，要求我们依据五个部分之间的必然联系去推知未知的要素。命题形式主要有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和识图题等，其中事

27、实细节题和计算题占多数。四、针对该文体的特点，我们如何快速有效地对文章进行整体把握？批注：此部分在学案中应显示为空白，引导学生思考。在做时事类文章时，常见的文章大致结构是什么？题目中通常对哪些文章细节提问？ 通过学生自己的分析，再给予指导。总结，要想做好时事新闻类阅读理解题，我们必须要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题善于找到相关句并能分析理解长难句，善于根据上下文猜测单词、短语的含义，善于归纳、概括、推理、判断及简单计算，才能做好这部分试题。 Extensive ReadingEvery second there are, on average, more than four babies bein

28、g born and fewer than two people dying. As a result, the world population keeps increasing. The average baby will probably be born in the Asia-Pacific region. In this area, the population growth rate is higher than anywhere else in the world. It is just 12 years since the worlds population reached 6

29、 billion. Official estimates say the number will top 8 billion in 2025 and 10 billion before the end of the century. With more and more people in the world, there will be less land and water for each person. The major problem will be feeding the new arrivals. Finding housing and medical care for eve

30、ryone will also be difficult. For now, China still has the largest population in the world, with 1.34 billion people. In the past 10 years it added 73.9 million, more than the population of France or Thailand. However, its growth has slowed and it is estimated that the population will stop increasin

31、g in 2027. By 2050, according to some experts, Chinas population will be smaller than it is today. This is thanks to the family planning policy (计划生育政策) that started about 30 years ago. In the 1970s, Chinese women had five to six children each on average. Now, that number is around 1.5.批注：本文是一篇说明文。文

32、章讲述了世界人口增长的情况，以及中国人口的现状。I. Comprehension Questions1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. More babies are being born than people dying in every second.B. More people die than those being born in every second.C. The birth rate and death rate in every second are the same.D. The newly bor

33、n babies in every second are in the Asia-Pacific region.keys：A。细节理解题。根据第1段第1句Every second there are, on average, more than four babies being born and fewer than two people dying.可知，平均每秒有多于四个孩子出生，不到两个人死亡，故选A。2. What is the biggest problem for more and more newly born babies?A. They have no place to l

34、ive in.B. There is not enough food.C. Medical care doesnt cover them.D. No people would like to feed them.keys：B。细节理解题。根据第4段第2句The major problem will be feeding the new arrivals.可知，越来越多的新生儿的出现面对的最大的问题是缺乏粮食，故选B。3. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. In 2025, the worlds populat

35、ion will be 9 billion.B. In 2027, Chinas population will be smaller than it is today.C. In 2090, the worlds population will be 11 billion.D. France now has less than 73.9 million people.keys：D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句In the past 10 years it added 73.9 million, more than the population of France or Thailand

36、.可知，答案选D。4. What does the author think of the family planning policy?A. It is unfair.B. It is useful.C. It should be stopped.D. It should be kept forever.keys：B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句This is thanks to the family planning policy that started about 30 years ago.可知，作者认为计划生育政策很有用，故选B。批注：在学生大致了解文章大意后，让学生在做题时同时划

37、出做题依据，并且说出每道题目的考察点是什么。是细节题的判断还是推断题。从而让学生了解做时事类文章的方法，特别要注意的是细节题和推断题的掌握。 II. Put the following phrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. 结果是 2. 出生率 3. 由于 4. 到.为止 5. 平均 6. 医疗 Keys: 1. as a result 2. Growth rate 3. Thanks to 4 by the end of 5. On average 6.medical care批注：此部

38、分为学生积累词组词汇 III. Translation1由于学生们的积极参与，这次的运动会举办的很顺利。(thank)2人类的行为导致了动物的濒危。（result）3到去年年底为止，很多新大学已经建立。（end）Keys：1. Thanks to the active participation, this sports meeting was held successfully. 2. Many animal species are in danger as a result of the human behavior. 3. By the end of last year, many ne

39、w universities have been built.回家作业一、 词汇自默（20min）mixed grill steak pork chop sound vegetarian influence astronaut crowd tiny pepper grow instead of cattle appetite contain vitamin mineral pesticide source energy variety cheeseburger milkshake increase heart attack intelligent decide on tellfrom 烤杂排

40、牛排 猪排 听起来好像 素食者影响 航天员 .聚集 极小的 胡椒粉种植 代替 牛 食欲 包含维生素 矿物质 杀虫剂 来源 精力；活力多种多样 干酪汉堡包 奶昔 增加 心脏病发作聪颖的，有才智的 选定 区分 二、 阅读训练（20min） Passage 1 An ID card is the most important proof (证明) of identity for each person. It shows ones name, date of birth, address, nationality, photo and ID number. Chinas top legislatur

41、e (立法机关) added something new to the Resident Identity Card Law. It passed the suggestions of recording Chinese citizens fingerprints when they apply for or change ID cards. Fingerprints (指纹) would make it easier to recognize the people who own the cards. It can stop people from making fake (伪造的) ID

42、cards. Li Xiaoou, a bank worker in Beijing, said fingerprint data will make bank business safer. “No two people have the same fingerprints,” he said. “The new card can better protect their private information. It will prevent their identity from being used by others when people want to do banking.”

43、As ID cards will contain more personal information, many people worry that some institutions (公共机构) may let their information out. The amended (修订的) law tries to better protect it. Government offices and other public institutions, like banks and hospitals, could face a fine (罚款) of 500,000 yuan if t

44、hey give out citizens personal information.批注：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新版身份证将增加指纹信息，以及由此带来的好处。1. From an ID card, we can tell the persons following information EXCEPT _. A. his/her blood type B. his/her nationality C. his/her age D. his/her address2. What is the most important advantage of an ID card including

45、 fingerprints? A. It is more beautiful. B. It cant be stolen. C. It can be used for a long time. D. Its easier to recognize people.3. The new ID card will make bank business safer because _. A. the bank worker cant know the persons information B. the fingerprint data can protect peoples identity fro

46、m being used by others C. it includes many of the persons clearer photos D. with this card people dont have to go to the bank to do businesskeys：1. A。细节理解题。根据第1段第2句It shows ones name, date of birth, address, nationality, photo and ID number. 可知，身份证上是没有血型的，故选A。2. D。细节理解题。根据第3段第1句Fingerprints would ma

47、ke it easier to recognize the people who own the cards. 可知，答案选D。3. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第1句 said fingerprint data will make bank business safer.可知，答案选B。Passage 2 Dukuly Dogbah, a 14-year-old Liberian (利比里亚的) boy, grew up in a war. He was born in the same year the Liberian war started. Since then fighting

48、between the government forces and the rebel armies (叛军) has not stopped. Dukuly is one of around 10,000 child soldiers in Liberia. At 10, Dukuly lost contact with his family in the war and had to fight for the rebels. During the war he learnt to kill people with guns. He has killed many people and s

49、een many of his friends die. “You have to,” he said, “because it is war.” Lots of children had to join the army. Some did it out of their own will. They thought they would be safe with a gun. The army leaders use child soldiers because they are easy to control and do not get paid much. Child soldier

50、s do terrible things. Most of them take drugs (毒品). “I cannot control myself because it makes me brave,” Dukuly said. There are 120,000 child soldiers in Africa and 300,000 around the world. Many child soldiers die and nobody cares for them. According to a United Nations report, 23 armies in the wor

51、ld use children. Some African and Asian countries often use child soldiers. Myanmar (缅甸) has the highest number of child soldiers in their army: around 50,000. Most of the child soldiers are under 18 years of age and the youngest is only seven years old. The UN has called for the protection of child

52、ren in war. The UN Childrens Fund (联合国儿童基金会) wants African countries to ban (禁止) child soldiers. Many UN organizations are trying to take child soldiers away from war and send them back to school.批注：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了利比里亚童子军这一现象，联合国呼吁各方要保护战争中的孩子。1. Dukuly joined the army when _. A. the Liberian war started B. his family were killed in the war C. he lost touch with his family D. the government armies caught him2. The following are the rea