上海牛津版9AU3知识点总结

1、、单词精讲1. op in io n/n. 想法，看法，意见词组：inone sopinion_2.resp on sibility/n. 责任拓展：adj._beresponsiblefor .对.负责responsen._3. death/n. 死，死亡拓展：v.dieofr rdiefrom-.- 一 -J i；die(died,died)v. 死；凋零deadadj.无生命的，呆板的dyingadj.临终的，垂死的4.respect/v.尊重，慎重对待拓展：respectableadj._5.faithfully/adv.忠实地，忠诚地拓展：faithn. 信仰，信任_ adj.译：_

2、Wearefaithfulliste nerstotheprogram.译：_6. mess/n.杂乱，粪便 e.g.Thehouseisamess. 这个房间又脏又乱。拓展：amessof 一大堆；把弄糟inamess 乱糟糟，一团糟e.g .I vemadesuchamessofmylife.Therearema ny reas on swhytheec onom yis in suchamess.7. extremely/adv.极其，非常拓展：extremeadj.极端的，偏激的n.极端，极其偏激的事物8.u nhappy/adj. 不快乐的，悲伤的拓展：反义词：_副词：_happin

3、essn._否定前缀 un,加在名词，形容词，副词之前如:unfinished（未完成的）;undoubted（无疑的）;unhappy（不快乐的）否定前缀 in,加在形容词，名词之前：卜_-Q I I 7 i -| la 女口： incorrect（ 不正确的），inability（ 无能,无力），inaccurate（ 不 I11准确的）im 一加在字母 m，b，P 之前如：impossible（ 不可能的），impolite（ 不礼貌的）9.surprised/adj. 感到惊讶的拓展：besurprisedat因.感到惊讶同义词：amazed shockedsurpris ing 令人

4、惊讶的同类的词：_1O.shocked/adj. 震惊的11.certa in/adj.定（量）的拓展：becertainof/aboutsth.becertai no fdoi ngsthbecerta in that/if/whetherOurteamiscertai no fwi nning.I mcertainthatit snotyourfault.13.goldfish/n. 金鱼合成词：n.+n.=n.举例：_14.apologize/v. 道歉搭配：apologizefor_apologizetosb.词转：n._Makea nap ologyforsth.因某事而道歉15.

5、review/n.(书刊、电影等的)评论；v.回顾，检查二、Phrases 词组1. fromsidetoside 从左至 U 右 sidebyside 肩并肩地；一起I2. growup 成长；长大3.accordingto 据(.所说)J I同义句：It ssaidby4.carefor 关爱r I * I ki拓展：takecareof 照顾;lookaftercareabout 喜欢5. asaresult 因此；结果拓展：resultfrom 起因于6. stop -from 阻止某事发生stoptodosth .stopdo in gsth .7. right now 立即；马上

6、J同义词：immediatelyadv.atonce e.gWeshouldstartworkright now.J* I IWhe nheheardthe news,herushedoutoftheroomimmediately.8.Whatsmore 而且l Ie. g. Whatsmore , mostpeopleinmoderncitiesliveinflats9.payfor 为付钱e. g. Ihavetopay150dollarsforthesewingmachine其他表示“花费”的词(1) spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spe ndsomem oney

7、/ sometime on sth .(sb)spe ndsomem oney/ sometime(i n)do in gsth.e.g .I spe ntfiftyyua non thecoat=lspe ntfiftyyua n(i n)bu yin gthecoat(2) take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语Ittakes /tooksb . sometimetodosth=Sth. takessb . sometime.e.g .I ttookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorsesTheworkwilltakemetwodays(3

8、) pay 为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. payssomemoneyforsth 八Ji1 /或 paysb. (somemoneyforsth)e. g.Ipaidfiftyyuanforthecoat旳仏L,1Howmuchdidyoupayhim?- i I；(4)cost 的主语必须是某物。- : I *1导fI1;sth . cost(sb.)somemoney。:八Ie.g . Thedictionarycostme$20 .10. notonly butalso 不但而且连接主语时，谓语动词应和邻近的主语保持一致。相似的有：neithernor;either

9、-or例句：Heisnotonlyascientistbutalsoaphotographer.Noon lyhebutalsohispare ntslikecollecti ngstamps.三、课文精讲1.ltsnicetopickthemupandholdtheminoararms， anditswonderfultoseethemgrowingup 4 k I i 匚、”I le. g. It snicetoknowthatsomebodyappreciateswhatIdo.【知识拓展】it 作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况 | I1. It+is /was+adj. / n.(形容词

10、或名词)+todosth .e. g. ItisagoodideatothinkthiswayItisveryk in dofyoutogivemeaha ndin time.2. It+v . +todosth .e.g . Ittookusthreeyearstocompletetheproject .2 . Youn gpeopleca nlearnhowtocareforothersa ndhowtorespectalllivi ngthi ngsbykeepi ngapetdog.it ”或物。句式是:e.g.Pleaseshowushowtodothat3.A small nu m

11、berofpetdogseve nbitepeople.anumberof “许多”； asmallnumberof “一小部分”； alargen umberof 许多；大量 例句：AnumberofpeoplehavealreadyvisitedtheExpoSite.【辨析】anumberof 与 thenumberofAnu mberof 表示“一批；一些；许多”；是不定数量词，如同alotof,lotsof,several,some例句：一样。因此，an umberof+复数名词 作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。Therewerealarge nu mberofpeople in the

12、room.The nu mberof.表示的数(目)，the number 是中心词，其谓语动词必须用单数。例: Thenumberofpeopleintheroomislarge.dLi4.Thismaymakethedogsfeelextremely un happy.p! 1) f 门1) make-feel 使.感到，这种结构是动词后跟不带to 的不疋式。1; J 1 |相同用法的表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词(使役动词)主要有：A.八占I例句：Letmeintroducemyself.2) feel ，look，sou nd，smell，taste 等连系动词后面跟形容

13、词。例: Annlooksbeautiful.5.paying fordogfooda ndvisit in gthevetca nbeexpe nsive.1)payfor “支付”，常用句型结构为：somebodypaym on eyforsometh ing例句：2)canbe 表示现在或将来的可能性。例句：3)【辨析】canbe,maybe,mightbe,mustbe它们都可以用来表示可能性，但语气强弱有所不同。mustbe 语气最强，表示可能性最大；其次是 canbe 和 maybe mightbe 语气最弱，表示可能性最小。巩固练习I.选择合适的单词或短语来代替划线部分。A.As

14、saidby?B.we ntaway?C.very?D.departfor?E.pleasure?F.said?1twasclaimedthatsomedoctorswerework in g80hoursaweek.(?)2.Wewereextremelybusybeforetheexam in atio n.(?)3tisfullofenjoymen ttogoskati ngon realice.(?)4.Accordin gtotheweatherreport,itisgoi ngtorai nthisafterno on.(?)5AWhenwillyoubeback? B:l ll

15、leaveforhomeinthreedays.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1._ Theplanelanded atlastafterflyi ngin thestormforabout onehour.(safe)2._Pleasereadthepassagean dthe nfinishtheexercises.(care)3.Somethingiswrongwithmyfoothavetowalk_.(slow)I i4._,weweren tcaughtintheheavyrainlastnight.(luck)5Look!Thefamousactressisdancingver

16、y_attheparty.(beautiful) 匚一-a Ir / Xi ,7 5 -”| la6.Georgefeltverysadattheofhisfather.(die)7.Thestormlast nightwasquite(fright);wewereallgreatly(fright)byit.I I I I118.Stude ntsshouldspe ndsometimedo in gathomeeverydayafterschool.(review)9. “Doyouhaveany? askedthesalesmanager.(complain)10.Everyon ewa

17、stodeathi nthebigfire.(shock)11. -Madam,doyo umin dmysmok in ghere?-n ot.(certai n)12.Tothevisitors greatsurprise,thepeoplethereshowdisagreementbytheirheads.(nod)13.Youspeaktoo(loud).Wouldyousayitalittlemoresoftly? j14.It ssaidthatperhapsthereusedtobethingsonMars.(life)15.Thechildre nenjo yedatthepa

18、rtylast night.(they) I i.、叽比 | |四、语法一）、情态动词的被动语态I、定义：含有情态动词的被动语态用来说明某人或某物被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。例: 1.Manytreesshouldbeplantedinthemountains.应该在山上种许多树。2.Youcantakethisbookhome. （改为被动语态）TThisbookcanbetakenhome（byyou）.3.Thisproblemcan tbeworkedoutveryeasily.这道题轻易算不出来。4. Musttheworkbedoneatonce? 这项工作必须立即完成吗？II

19、、含情态动词被动语态的构成根据上述例子填写下列空格A.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+_ +及物动词的B.含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，要把主动语态的 _变成被动语态的主 语。C._变为否定句时只需要在情态动词后加 _。D._ 变为一般疑问句时只需把提到句首。. IIII、句式变换含有情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均需借助于情态动词来!| */ 1. 一般疑问句。直接将被动语态的陈述句中的情态动词提到句首。例如： Thisworkmustbedonerightnow.TMustthisworkb edonerightnow?Hishomeworkshouldbefi

20、nishedbeforesix.TShouldhishomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?2.特殊疑问句。由疑问词加上含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句构成。例如：Wherecanthebookbefound?这本书在什么地方能被找到呢？Whenmustmyhomeworkbehandedin?我 的作业必须什么时候交？3.反意疑问句。 附加问句部分要用“情态动词+主语”。例如：Thisbookshouldn tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？4.否定句。在情态动词后面加上not 即可。例如：Fourteen-ye

21、ar-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtodrive.十四岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。【Note对于含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答，一般应保留原句中的情态动词，但 must 表“必须”时，其否定回答应用needn t。例如：一 Shouldmyhomeworkbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗？Yes,itshould./No,itshouldn t.是的，应在今天完成。/ 不，不应在今天完成。. I Musthisexercisebookbehandedinrightnow? 他的练习本必须、匚一一：II 7 .r 3-（I. 立即上交吗？ I11Ye

22、s,itmust./No,itneedn t.是的，必须立即上交。/不，不-. IjI /必立即上交。*d I二）、副词副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。I、副词的位置：1）在动词之前。2 ）在 be 动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡Wecouldseeveryclearlyastra ngelightaheadofus.b.方式副词 well ，badly 糟、坏，hard 等只放在句尾。HespeaksE nglishwell.II、畐恫的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前

23、，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and 或 but 等连词连接。Pleasewriteslowlya ndcarefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。0副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。（错）IverylikeE nglish.（对）IlikeE nglishverymuch.畐寸词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。Ido ntkno whimwelle no ugh.Thereise no ughfoodforevery on etoeat.Thereisfoode no ughforeve

24、ry on etoeat.III、副词的构成方法：大多数副词都是由“形容词+后缀-ly ”构成的，例如：slowly,heavily,truly,terribly等。形容词变副词规则：1.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly2.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词要变 y 为 i,再加-ly。如:busy-busily;a ngry-a ngrily;easy-easily3.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e 结尾和以-ue 结尾的形容

25、词要先去掉 e,然后再加-y 或-ly。 x）J如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;ge ntle-ge ntlyiI:、/注意:friendly;motherly;lovely, weekly , lively等词是形容词而非副词。. I i4.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily,early,fast,hard,high,long,near,straight,well等。Y I判断下列单词的词性：thehighjump 跳高项目（）tojumphigh 跳得高（）afastcar 行得快的汽车（）todrivefast 开快车（）an earlyri

26、ser早起的人（）togetupearly 起得早（）astraightline直线（）Gostraightahead. 一直朝前走。（）05.副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来，如:loud（adj.）-aloud（adv.）6.部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly例:ltispartlyherfault.有部分是她的错。注:frie ndly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副词。练习巩固一、选择题l.treesusually in April?A.Have,pla ntedB.Are,pla ntedC.Do,pla ntD.Were,pla nted2.W

27、he nwegotthere,thebroke nroadrepaired.3.Thew in dowsoftheroo mon ceaweek.A.hasbee nclea nedl/ /Il4.I n1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.5.They oun gtreethestick.0.I? J i J16.Aprese ntmebymyfrie ndonm ybirthday.7.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writte nD.whom,writi ng8.Filmsaboutcrimea ndviole n

28、ee（暴力与犯罪）byy oun gchildre n.9.ln warmweatherfruita ndmeatlo ng.A.can tbekept10.Halftheworld stelephonecallsinEnglish.Il.Thatbuildi ngnow.12. Thetreesi no urschooleveryFridayafterno on.13.More “GreatGreenWalls ” mustallovertheworld.14.Hisschoolbagbyawoma ntenminu tesago.15.I tthatsheveryclever.A.wass

29、aid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbe ing16.Yesterdayavisitorsomethi ngabouthishometow n.17.Ifyouarenotfreetoday,comeanotherday_ .A.too?B.so?C.i nstead?D.yet2.Thebuildingcan(see) fromeverypartofthecity;It(build ) manyyearsago.18._Hecanttellus ,lth ink.A.importa nta nythi ng?B.a nythi ngimport

30、a nt?C.importa ntsomethi ng?D.someth in gimporta nt.19.Thelighti ntheofficewas ntforhimtoread.A.e no ughbright?B.brighte no ugh?C.brightly?D.e noughbrightly20._Youmustkeepyoureyeswheny oudoeyeexercises.A.close?B.ope n?C.closed?D.ope ned21._ Dontworry,sir.ImsureIcanrun_tocatchupwiththem.A.slowlye no

31、ugh?B.e no ughslowly?C.faste no ugh?D.e no ughfast22._Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Therearen ewwords in it.A.afew?B.alittle?C.few?D.littlef J I J I11 ?11 I I23._ Mingminggotupvery_ ,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour_A.late;lately?B.lately;late?C.lately;lately?D.late;late24.1am_worriedaboutyparen tshealthyc on d

32、iti ons.A.sometimes?B.sometime?C.sometimes?D.sometimes25._ A_accidenthappenedat7:30a.m.saidthepoliceman_.A.serious,serious?B.seriously,seriously?C.seriously,serious?D.serious,seriously26._Thecakesmells.Pleasethrowitaway.A.good?B.badly?C.bad?D.well27.-Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?-Itwasterrible.ltr

33、ainedso_ thatpeoplecould_goout.A.hardly hard?B.hardly hardly?C.hard hardly?D.hard hard28. -Dad,whe nwillyoubefree?Youagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago.-Iamsorry,Jean.ButlthinkIwillhavea_holidayso on.?A.four-days?B.four-day?C.fourdays?D.fourday2.Thebuildingcan(see) fromeverypartofthecity;It(build ) manyyearsago.二.用正确的时态和语态填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere(know) whentheoldmuseum (build )3.YesterdayTom(tell)methathisbike(break)lastweek.4.Thestudentsofte