阅读理解猜词技巧

1、做“阅读理解”题的猜词技巧平时,同学们在做“阅读理解”题时,经常会遇到一些生词这时,许多同学会立即翻阅词典,查找生词的词义其实这种做法不但费时费力,而且会影响阅读速度,也不利于对文章的整体理解,何况在正式考试时也不准带词典事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系因此,我们首先可以利用语境(各种已知信息)来推测判断某些生词的词义;还可以利用构词法的知识日常生活知识来猜测词义 一 根据释义猜测词义 在有些文章中,某些生词的词义往往会在下文中得到解释或说明这些解释有时以定义定语从句同位语的形式出现;有时用破折号括号冒号引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来;有时还用tha

2、t is, or, that is to say, in other words等词语引出例如: 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由句意可知, anthropology就是“研究人类的科学” 2. A bookmark is something put between the pages of a book to mark the place. 假定bookmark是生词,根据下文所提供的解释,可猜出它的词义是“书签” 3. He takes a special interest in botany which concerns

3、the study of plants. 根据定语从句中的“which concerns the study of plants”, 我们可以知道botany应该是“植物学”之意 4. The new edifice, a twenty-four-storey building, was completed last month. 其中edifice可能是生词,但它的同位语a twenty-four-storey building告诉我们, edifice的词义是“建筑物” 5. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is

4、one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 根据同位语我们很容易猜出生词capacitance的词义是“电容量” 6. The doctor was on the night-shiftfrom midnight to 8 oclock. 句中night-shift的意思可以从破折号后面的内容猜出,它的词义应该是“夜班” 7. They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have backbones. 这里vertebrates的意思可以由that is后面的内容猜测出

5、来,意为“脊椎动物” 二 通过下文所举的例子猜测词义 在有些文章中,下文所举的例子也可以给读者提供猜测上文生词词义的重要线索例如: Generally, we like to read periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, Readers Digest, etc. 根据句子后面所给出的例子,我们可以推断出periodical的意思是“期刊” 三 根据词语之间的对等关系猜测词义 The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. 这个

6、句子中的and连接created a feeling of lassitude和encouraged laziness两个并列成分 Created与encouraged相对应,而lassitude与laziness相对应,由此我们可以猜测出lassitude大概是“困乏”“无力”“无精打采”等意思 四 根据对比转折关系猜测词义If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 此句前后对比分明,前句表示肯定,后句表示否定,由此我们可以推断出dissent与agree的意思相反,意为“不同意”“不赞成”又如: Mr Green alway

7、s is punctual for everything, but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week. 我们可以根据表示转折关系的but后面的内容“he was late”知道, punctual的意思与其相反,那么punctual就是“守时的”“准时的”的意思 因此,同学们在阅读时,要注意常见的表示转折意义的词语,如but, however, though, otherwise, neverthess, on the other hand等 五 根据因果关系猜测词义 Mary didnt notice

8、 me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading. 主句的意思是“当我走进教室的时候,玛丽没有注意到我”据此,我们可以推断从句中的engross可能是“使全神贯注”“吸引”的意思又如: There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句中that引导的是结果状语从句,根据主句的描述“许多示威者”,我们便可推知elbow的

9、词义为“挤”“挤过” 其它常见的表示因果关系的词有because, since, as, so, so . That ., such . That . 等 六 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中,我们可以利用已知的词语,推断出生词的词义 例如: Although he often had the opportunity, Mr Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to b

10、e detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是个生词,但由harmful我们不难推断出其词义为“使危险的”“有害的” 七 根据词缀猜测词义 As you are receiving my note by E-mail, its wise to remember how easily this wonderful technology can be misused, sometimes unintentionally, with serious consequences. 此句中

11、, misuse是在词根use前面加上前缀mis-而构成的, mis-表示“误”“错”的意思,从而可以判断misuse意为“错用”“误用”; unintentionally是由intentionintentionalintentionallyunintionally逐步派生而成的,从而不难推测出它的意思为“不是有意地” 根据词缀猜测词义又可以分为以下两种情况: 1. 根据前缀猜测词义 以unforeseeable一词为例,其中的词根为see, 前缀fore-的含义是“早先”“预先”的意思,前缀un-是“不”的意思,由此可以猜知,该词的词义为“未能预见的” 2. 根据后缀猜测词义 Insecti

12、cide is applied where it is needed. 后缀-cide表示“杀者”“杀灭剂”的意思,结合大家所熟悉的词根insect(昆虫),不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”又如:Then the vapor may change into droplets. 后缀-let表示“小的”意思,词根drop指“滴”“滴状物”在词根drop后面加上后缀-let之后, droplet意为“小滴”“微滴” 八 根据复合词的各个组成部分的意思猜测词义 有一部分复合词的词义可以通过它们的构成成分的意思来猜测出该复合词的意思例如: Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. 该句中的hightlight可能是一个生词,但是分析该词的构成成分后,就能推测出其含义它是由表示“高的”“强的”high和“光线”light两部分组成的,复合词hightlight表示“以强光照射”“使突出”的意思 Bullfigh