(完整)高中状语从句讲解

1、语法专题复习（四） 状语从句讲解状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动 词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、 比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似， 所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下 :1I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。 （时 间状语从句）3She always singsa s she walks .她总是一边走一边唱。

2、（时间状语从句）4I waited until he had finished his work .我等到他做完活。（时间状语从句）5It was not long before he told me about this affair .不久，他就告诉我这件事。（时间状语从句）6He has worked very hards ince he entered the factory自从他进厂，工作一直很努力。（时间状语从句）1时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特

3、殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the ins tant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely wh en种类从属连词例句说明时间状语whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing awhen 指的是“某一具体 的时间”。whenever 指的是“在任 何一个不具体的时间 ”。wheneverletter. 当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there when

4、ever we are free . 我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我 的肩膀。when 意为“这时”或“在 那个时候”可,以看作是 并列句,这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句 末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away. 他不在的时候我在。w

5、hile 指“在某一段时间 里”，“在期间”，while 引导的动作必须是持续 性的。asShe always singsa s she walks .as引导持续性动作，强从她总是一边走一边唱调主句和从句的动作同 时发生。句beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，再做先生。before 译为在 之前afterHe arrived after the game started. 比赛开始后，他到了。tillWe waited till (until)he came back . 我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动 作，常用肯定

6、式，表示 “直到 为止 ”时间状untilShe didn ' t stop working until eleven o 她到 11 点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主'句c动lo词ck是 . 瞬间动 词，常用否定式，表示 “直 才 ”“在 以 前 不”从,句放在句首表示 强调，一般用 untilsinceas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从 1978 年以来中国发生

7、了巨大的变化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I ' lwl rite to you.我一到上海就给你写信。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句 分开，如从句在主句之 后则不必用标点符号。语从句hardly whe nI had hardly got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家，就下雨了。 =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.hardly when 和 no sooner than 的意义相 当于 as soon as,但只表 示过去发生的事情，主 句为过去完

8、成时，从句 为过去时， 如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时 语气强，而且主句的谓 语要用部分倒装。nosooner thanNo sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。every time, by the time, the moment 等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 我每次乘船都晕船。The moment

9、I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。Next time you come ,you ' ll see him. 下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不 能用将来时或过去将 来时，而要用现在时或 过去时代替将来时。2 地点状语从句 常用引导词 ：where 特殊引导词 ：wherever, anywhere, everywherewhereWhere there is a will, there is a way.where 与 wherever 意地有志者，事竟成。义基本相同，但后者点whereverWhere

10、there is water there is life.语气较强，多用于书状哪里有水，哪里就有生命。面语。语You are free to go wherever you like.从你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。句Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。3 原因状语从句常用引导词： because, since, as, since特殊引导词： seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, conside ring that,原 因 状 语 从 句

11、becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强一般 放在主句之后sinceSince everyone is here, let 'bse gin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since 表示既然或全已知 的理由 ,稍加分析即可表 明的原因 ,多放句首asAs he didn 'ktn ow much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary . 由于他英

12、语懂得不多， 他在字典中查阅这个 单词。从句常放在句首，说明 原因，主句说明结果， 常用于口语中。now that,Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. 鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。seeing (that), now that 和 since, as 意义相似， 他们都有 “鉴于某个事 实”的意思， that 可以省 去。seeing that4 目

13、的状语从句常用引导词： so that, in order that特殊引导词： lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that目 的 状 语thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 We' ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己

14、作出判 断。目的状语从句中常用情 态动词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在 动词之前，从句往往放 在主句之后，主从句之 间不用任何标点符号so that第 3 页 共 10 页从 句in orderThey worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完 成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，

15、以免患感冒。thatlest = forfear that5结果状语从句常用引导词： so that, such that,特殊引导词： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,结 果 状 语 从 句so thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了 新闻。He was so excited that he couldn 'sta y a word.他十分激动，以致一句话

16、都说不出来。so that 前有逗号为结果 状语从句。so that的 so后面跟形 容词或副词。so thatsuch thHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大 家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。such that的 such 后面 跟名词，如

17、果名词是单 数就要用 such a /an that还可以转换用 so tha，t 语气较强at6条件状语从句 常用引导词： if, unless, 特殊引导词： as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in ca se that, on condition that条件状ifDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。 We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.

18、unless 从句的谓语只能 用肯定式。unless 和 if not同义， unless是 书面语，if not是口语， 通常二者可以换用。 条t 件状语从句中的谓语 动词的时态一般要用现unless除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn ' rain.语从句as/so longSo/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.在时或过去时代替一般 将来时或过去将来时。asin case只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please rem

19、ind me about it . 万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。so far as7 让步状语从句常用引导词： though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装 )，while ( 一般用在句首 )，n o matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, wh enever, however

20、, whichever让步 状 语从句thoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。 We were not tired though (although) we had在句子中一般用了 “虽 然 ”就不能再用 “但是 ” （ but）但可以与 yet 或 still 连 用 。 though / although 意义相同，用 法基本一样，前者通俗， 口语化，后者正式多放 主句的前面。althoughworked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但

21、并不累。even if even thoughI ' ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和 even though 的意思为 “即使”“纵使 ” 有退一步设想的意味， 多用于书面语中。asChild as he is , he knows a lot .as引出的状语从句多用让虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。于书面语，它比用Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)thethough 或 although 引导children play outdoors.的从句，语

22、气强，更有步虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。表现力，从句常放在句 首，语序部分倒装。no matterDo it no matter what others say. 不管别人怎么说 ,尽管干。no matter 与状(who,who-ever 引导的让步状whatNo matter how busy he was, he studied语从句意义基本一 样，when,English every day. 不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。no matter 引导的从语where句可是以位于主句前或which,No matter who takes up the matter for me ,

23、I shall be very grateful. 不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。主句后。how)wh everWhatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart. 无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。 Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。wh ever 从句中的动 词有时可以和 may 连 用。判断 wh ever 引导 的是状语从句还是名词 性从句的一点是，名词 性从句，主句中一定有 一个成分要在从句担 任，一般从句与主句之 间没有逗号。不可将 no matter 与

24、 wh ever连用(whateverwhoeverwheneverwhichever however)从句8比较状语从句常用引导词：as（同级比较 ）, than（不同程度的比较 ）特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BasasMary is as old as my sister.连词表示同程度级的比比玛利和我姐姐一样大。较，肯定句用 asas否not so/asHe doesn 't run so (as) fast

25、 as Jack (does).定句可用 not as as 或较as他不如杰克跑得那样快。not so asthe sameHis book is the same as mine.状as他的书和我的一样。such asHenry is not such a good worker as Peter .语享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。thanShe has made greater progress this year than表示不同程度之比较，从she did last year.主句中用比较级的形容她今年比去年进步更大。词或副词。句He bought fewer books than I

26、 (did).他买的书比我买的少。the morethethe more the more 意 思为越越 ，通常的 语序为从句在前主句在 后，这两个 the 都是表 示程度的副词，用在比 较级的形容词或副词前 面。The more you read, the better you understand. 你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。The harder you work, the greater progress语you will make. 你工作越

27、努力，你取得的进步就越大。从The sooner, the better.句子意思明显，句子的越快越好。主语和动词都可省略。句The warmer, the better. 越暖和越好。9 方式状语从句 常用引导词： as, as if, how 特殊引导词： the wayasDraw a cat as I taught you .方按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.式按照人家告诉你做的去做。as if She looks as if she is ill.状as though看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing ha

28、d语happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。从They treat the black boy as if (though) hewere an animal.句他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。此处 as 译为，按照或正 如as if 或 as though 的意义 和用法基本一样。从句 中可以用现在时表示可 能符合事实，也可以用 虚拟语气。10 特殊的特殊形式的状语从句thatWe are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China . 我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。I ' mso rry (th

29、at) I didn 'hta ve time to write you sooner.很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。I am afraid that I can' t go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。that 引导的从句，往往 跟在一个做表语的形容 词后面，从句概念上看 是宾语，所以有的语法 家 把 它 看做 是 宾语 从 句，但结构上看，也可 以把它看作是一个特殊 的状语从句，用来修饰 表语的形容词。这种从 句的连词常常被省略。状语从句的简化第 7 页 共 10 页状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件 :主句和从句的主语一 致，或从句主语为 it

30、 ；从 句主要动词是 be的某种形式。从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .He' ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外， 比较状语从句经常省略 。例如：I ' mta ller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressu

31、re (is ).状语从句的 "简化 "现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中 :由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句 ; 由 although, though, even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句 ; 由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引导的时间状语从句 ; 由 as, as if 等引导的方式状语从句 ; 由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。If (it is) possible , he will help you out of the diffic

32、ulty. 如果可能的话 ,他会帮你摆 脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你来 说不方便 ,否则你必须出席这次会议。As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike他. 小时候就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shoppin她g.有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret少. 壮不努力 ,老大徒伤悲

33、。While (he was) a you ng boy, he was always ready to help others他. 在孩提时代就乐 于助人。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在学数学 ,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。 d.连词 +过去分词The concert was a great success than (it was) expected这. 场音乐会出乎意料地取得 了巨大成功。He stood up as if (he wer

34、e) to say something当. 时他站起来好像要说什He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他来负责 ,他也 解决不了这个问题。 f. 连词 +介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急 ,好像遇到了麻 烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就 懂英语了。tips:只用 as 不用 when 或 wh

35、ile 的情况1、用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，指“一边一边” ， 如： The girl sings as she goes to school.2、表示两个同步发生的动作或行为如： As time went by,she became more and more beautiful.3、表示两个动作紧跟着发生，如： As he was going out,it began to rain,4、接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时 。如： As a young man, he was active in sports.连接词 when,while,as 的用法区别1、while 引导的时间状

36、语从句的谓语动词 必须是可持续的 ，而 when 引导的时间 状语从句的谓语动词既可以可持续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。WhenWhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang. When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.（while不可用 ）2、从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用 when 引导，不可用 whileas, 如： When you have finished your work,you may have a rest3、表示“随着” ,连词用 as,不用 w

37、henwhile, 如： As the election approached,the violenve got worse.4、如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示一段时 间内正在进行的动作时，三者可互相交换使用。如： WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.till,until 和 not until 用法1、untiltill 引导时间状语从句用于肯定句中时，主句的动词时延续性动词， 表示 动作或状态一直持续到 untiltill 所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间 点才停止”，译为“直到为止” 。You may stay here until the rain stops.2、用于否定句时，主句谓语动词时非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“直到 才”