非谓语动词完整版上课讲义

1、Nonfinite Verbs(非谓语非谓语(wiy)动动词词)第一页，共37页。非谓语非谓语(wiy)做主语做主语第二页，共37页。Smoking is prohibited hereIt is not very good for you to smoke so much doing 作主语作主语(zhy)通常表示抽象动作；通常表示抽象动作；to do作主语作主语(zhy)表示具体动作。表示具体动作。 doing作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。to do 通常用来通常用来(yn li)表示一件未完成的事或目的。表示一件未完成的事或目的。Dr

2、iving a car during the rush hour is tiring To be an athlete is his dream.第三页，共37页。It is + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth. Its no good / no use/ not any use/good, useless doing sth. Theres no doing .There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of histor

3、y. 历史历史(lsh)车轮不可阻挡。车轮不可阻挡。 第四页，共37页。Being stolen is a miserable(痛苦痛苦(tngk)的的) experience.主语的复合结构主语的复合结构(jigu) (jigu) (注意注意not not 的位置的位置) )it 作形式作形式(xngsh)主语主语Marys / His not being late for schoolHis not having been thereIt is very kind of you to help us. 过去分词过去分词done不可作主语，若主语须表达被动含义，则不可作主语，若主语须表达被动

4、含义，则用用being done第五页，共37页。非谓语非谓语(wiy)做宾语做宾语第六页，共37页。不定式不定式 的省略的省略(shngl)(shngl)1. 1. 一些一些(yxi)(yxi)表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如如expect /want /hope /wish /love /hate /decide /plan expect /want /hope /wish /love /hate /decide /plan /mean /try /would like /be ready /be afraid /be glad/mean /try

5、 /would like /be ready /be afraid /be glad等等后，动词不定式省略后，动词不定式省略toto后面的动词部分，但保留后面的动词部分，但保留toto。-I ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my dog ? - Not at all. I d be glad to. (2) -Will you go with me ? -Well ,I d like to. (3) -Will you go home tomorrow? -No. I m going to a lectur

6、e，or at least I am planning to.第七页，共37页。注意注意(zh y)(zh y)：如若不定式结构中是：如若不定式结构中是bebe或或have, have, 需保留需保留be be 和和 havehave(3) - Are you a taxi driver? - No, I used to be.(4) - Hasnt he finished writing the report? - No, but he ought to have.第八页，共37页。2. 2. 当当likelike或或wantwant在由在由when /whenever /what/what

7、ever /as when /whenever /what/whatever /as /if/if等引导的状语从句等引导的状语从句(cn j)(cn j)中时，其后往往省略整中时，其后往往省略整个动词不定式。个动词不定式。(1) Come whenever you like . (2)Tom, don t be nervous. Take whatever you want! (3)Do anything as you like. (4)You don t have to come swimming if you don t want.第九页，共37页。I cannot but agree t

8、o his terms.We could do nothing but / other than wait.I cannot choose but _ (laugh)We had no choice but _ (wait)but to do except to do besides to do other than to doCant choose but do (只好只好(zhho)Cant help but doCant but do当介词当介词(jic)but, except, (jic)but, except, besides besides 以及以及other than other

9、 than 前有作为前有作为实意动词的实意动词的dodo时，不定式的时，不定式的to to 可可以省略。以省略。第十页，共37页。非谓语非谓语(wiy)做表语做表语第十一页，共37页。做表语做表语-主系表主系表to do具体行为具体行为表示表示“愿望，计划，愿望，计划，决定决定”be to do 将来时态将来时态My next plan is to draw a picture for the house seem / appear (似乎，好像似乎，好像) prove / turn out (被证明是被证明是) remain (仍然是，仍然是，尚待尚待） 等连系动词后等连系动词后 He se

10、emed ( to be ) very happy . We are to meet at the school gate at six . (be to do表示安排表示安排)doing一般行为一般行为通常形容通常形容“物物”居居多多be doing进行时态进行时态My job is teaching you English. The film is exciting.He is eating an apple.done通常形容通常形容“人人”居居多多be done被动被动He is moved. The job is done. The book is gone.第十二页，共37页。3.

11、I asked her if she had any rooms to let. 不定式主动形式不定式主动形式(xngsh)表被动意义表被动意义 1. The house is _. 2. She is not the person _.to rentto blame某些动词的不定式做表语时，其主动形式表达某些动词的不定式做表语时，其主动形式表达(biod)被被动含义。动含义。常用的有：常用的有：to blame, to seek, to let第十三页，共37页。不定式做表语不定式做表语(bioy)(bioy)的省略：的省略：1. The first things he did was go

12、 up to her trainer 1. The first things he did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. and thank her for all her help during her training. 2. What we want to do now is lie down and rest. 2. What we want to do now is lie down and rest. 3. What a dictionary does is

13、help the students to 3. What a dictionary does is help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words . find out the meaning and the usage of new words . 第十四页，共37页。非谓语非谓语(wiy)做定语做定语第十五页，共37页。a wounded soldierthe soldier wounded in the battle第十六页，共37页。1) The machine _(run) by the old

14、 worker is made in Shanghai.2) The woman _(talk) to a foreigner is our English teacher.runtalking doing 表示主动表示主动(zhdng)； done 表示被动表示被动Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.第十七页，共37页。2. doing 表示表示(biosh)动作正在进行动作正在进行 done 表示表示(biosh)动作动作已经结束动作动作已经结束 to do 表示表示(biosh)将来将来The stu

15、dents have cleared away the _(fall) leaves.fallen第十八页，共37页。3. doing 说明人或物的性质；表示说明人或物的性质；表示“令人令人的的”； done 说明人或物的状态说明人或物的状态(zhungti)，表示，表示“感到感到的的”1）She listened with a _(puzzle) expression on her face.2）The _(disappoint) look reflected that he was not very satisfied with my studies.puzzleddisappointed

16、an excited voicean interesting storya frightened girl第十九页，共37页。-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途(yngt)和性和性能能 reading material walking stick fishing pole flying suit writing table listening practice 阅读材料阅读材料 手杖手杖(shuzhng) (shuzhng) 鱼杆鱼杆 飞行服飞行服 写字台写字台 听力训练听力训练第二十页，共37页。 to do 不定式作定语的相关(xinggun)注意点1. 1.

17、作定语的不定式如果作定语的不定式如果(rgu)(rgu)是不及物动词，或者不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所所 修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不 定式后面须有相应的介词。定式后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to （担心（担心(dn xn)） Please give me a knife to（切）（切） 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是timetime，placeplace或或wayway，不定式，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。后

18、面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。worry about cut with第二十一页，共37页。2. 2. 在在there bethere be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去 完成完成(wn chng)(wn chng)某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强说话人强 调的是事情本身必须完成调的是事情本身必须完成(wn chng)(wn chng)，则用被动形，则用被动形式。式。 There is a lot of work to

19、 doThere is a lot of work to do (Somebody has to do the work(Somebody has to do the work) ) There is a lot of work to be done There is a lot of work to be done (The work has to be done(The work has to be done) )第二十二页，共37页。3. 3. 当作定语的不定式所修饰当作定语的不定式所修饰(xish)(xish)的名词或代词是的名词或代词是不定式不定式 动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动

20、语态，也动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也 可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。 Have you anything to send?Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗你有什么东西要寄吗? ? ( (不定式不定式to sendto send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you)you) Have you anything to be sent? Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要你有什么要( (我或别人我或别人) )寄的东西吗寄的东西吗? ? ( (不定式不定式to be sentto

21、be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的的动作执行者是已被省略的meme或或someone else)someone else)第二十三页，共37页。非谓语非谓语(wiy)做宾补做宾补第二十四页，共37页。 在在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后作宾补：等感官动词后作宾补： doing 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作 do 表示动作结束，强调结果表示动作结束，强调结果 done 表示其与宾语表示其与宾语(bny)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系主动主动(zhdng)关系关系We heard her singing this song when we got here.We

22、 often hear this song sung by her.第二十五页，共37页。2. 在在have, set, keep, leave, get 等动词后作宾补等动词后作宾补 doing 表示进行的状态表示进行的状态(zhungti)或持续的状态或持续的状态(zhungti) done 表示被动关系表示被动关系Im sorry to have kept you waiting.You shouldnt keep your lights burning in the day.注意：以上注意：以上(yshng)几个动词的用法并不完几个动词的用法并不完全相同。全相同。第二十六页，共37页。

23、3. 在使役动词在使役动词(dngc)make后作宾补后作宾补 do表示主动表示主动 done表示被动表示被动The approaching examination made me study day and night.I raised my voice to make myself heard.第二十七页，共37页。3. 在在with复合复合(fh)结构中作宾补结构中作宾补doing表示主动表示主动(zhdng)done表示被动表示被动to do 表示将来表示将来With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding

24、 her house.With homework done, Jim went out to play football.With so much homework to do, Jim has to stay at home.第二十八页，共37页。非谓语非谓语(wiy)做状语做状语第二十九页，共37页。做状语做状语To do目的，结果，原目的，结果，原因因In order to , so as to So as to , such as to, enough to , too to Only to (不幸的意外的结果不幸的意外的结果)Im glad to see you. / He shoo

25、k his head as if to say “Dont trust her.”Doing结果，条件，让结果，条件，让步，时间，伴随步，时间，伴随Crossing the street , I met a friend. While flying over the channel, the pilot saw a bird.done条件，让步，时条件，让步，时间，伴随等间，伴随等Given time, he would win.Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Having done :一个

26、动作在另一动作之前一个动作在另一动作之前Having visited the factory, he went home.第三十页，共37页。1.There being no pen, I had to write a letter with a pencil.2.Time permitting, Ill go over all these lessons before the exam.3.They walked in the garden, little birds singing happily in the tree.独立独立(dl)主格结构主格结构第三十一页，共37页。注意区别注意区

27、别(qbi)从句与从句与非谓语非谓语 Work hard and youll do better. If you work hard , you will do better. Working hard, youll do better. I have several books, one of which is based on a movie. I have several books and one of them is based on a movie. I have several books, one of them based on a movie.第三十二页，共37页。做题步骤

28、做题步骤(bzhu) 一、理解句子含义，分析句子结构一、理解句子含义，分析句子结构 二、找出逻辑主语，分析语态二、找出逻辑主语，分析语态(y ti) 三、分析时态，做出判断三、分析时态，做出判断第三十三页，共37页。非谓语动词非谓语动词(dngc)的有关练习的有关练习Fill in the blanks : 1 I would love _(go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .We agreed _(meet) here but so far he hasnt turned

29、up.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . -Well ,now I regret _(do) that .4 Robert is said _(study )abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in .5 While shopping ,people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buy something they dont really need .6 He claimed _(badly,treat

30、 ) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday .7 The Olympic Games ,_(play) in 776 BC ,didnt 2 include women players until 1912 . to have goneto meethaving doneto have studied being persuadedto have been badly treatedplayed第三十四页，共37页。8 Do you mind _(Jane ,leave) alone at home?9 The mana

31、gers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry out ) the next year .10 Ive worked with children before ,so I know what _ (expect) in my new job .11 She cant help _(clean) the house because she s busy making a cake .12 Cleaning women in big cities get _(pay) by the hour .13 _(give ) the

32、general state of his health ,it may take him a while to recover from the operation .14 If you go to Xian , youll find the palaces there are more magnificent than commonly _(suppose ).15 -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? -_(get ) enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up

33、 .16 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ,_(not ,make ) it more difficult .Janes being leftcarried outto expectto cleanpaidGivensupposedTo getnot to make第三十五页，共37页。17 Last summer I took a course on how_(make) a dresses.How about the two of us _(take) a walk down there ?The patient

34、 was warned _(eat) oily food after the operation.The students would love _(take) for a picnic .Robert is said _(write) a book, but I dont know when he can finish it .This page needs_(check) again.-What do you think of the book ? -Oh, excellent.Its worth _(read) a second time.He has always insisted on the man_(call) Dr.Turner instead of Mr Turner .After_(check), the products leave the factor