《互换性与技术测量》之滚动轴承

1、11210613991411711284523Two types of bearings are used to support a shaft, i.e. sliding and rolling bearings. With small friction, high rotation flexibility and easy to maintain, rolling bearings are widely used standard components of mechanical equipment 轴承分为滑动轴承和滚动轴承，用于支撑轴。滚动轴承的摩擦阻力小，转动灵活，维修方便，是机械设

2、备中广泛应用的一种标准件。 Limit and Fit of rolling bearings 55. Bearings 内圈 紧密套装在轴上, 随轴旋转；滚动轴承的结构一般由四个元件组成 :滚动轴承的结构外圈 装在轴承座的孔内, 固定不动；滚动体 形式有圆球、圆柱、圆锥等, 排列在内、外圈之间；保持架 用来把滚动体隔开。根据滚动体的形状 划分 Radial bearing 向心轴承 主要用于承受径向载荷，如深沟球轴承。滚动轴承的分类 (2) Thrust bearing 推力轴承 只承受轴向载荷，如推力球轴承。滚动轴承的分类 (3) Radial thrust bearing 向心推力轴承

3、能同时承受径向载荷和轴向载荷,如圆锥滚子轴承。有关滚动轴承的国标规定： 规定了滚动轴承本身的尺寸公差、旋转精度（跳动公差等）、测量方法； 还规定可与滚动轴承相配的箱体孔和轴颈的尺寸公差、形位公差和表面粗糙度。according to dimension precision and rotational precision rolling bearing include five grade:滚动轴承的五种精度等级a. GB/T30794（国家标准）: B, C, D, E and G .b. ISO（国际标准）: class2, class4, class5, class6 and Norma

4、l class.c. JIS（日本工业部标准）: JIS2, JIS4, JIS5, JIS6 and JIS0.d. DIN（德国工业部标准）: P2, P4, P5, P6 and P0.3 precision grade G is common grade 普通级 E is senior grade 高级 D is precise grade 精密级 C, B is super precise grade 超精级4. Using of the precision grade精度等级选用G grade is often used in common machine, such as mid

5、dle rotational speed, precision and load machine. G级：普通级，适用于普通机床和汽车的变速机构；(2) E, D, C, B grade are often used in high precision, rotational speed and load machine. D is often used in front bearing of common machine tools axle; D级：精密级，普通机床主轴的前轴承； E is often used in back bearing of common machine tools

6、 axle; E级：高级，适用于普通机床主轴后轴承； C is often used in bearing of precise machine tool; C级适用于较精密机床主轴的轴承、仪器、仪表； B is often used in bearing of super precise machine tool;B 级适用于高速运转特别精密机械，如数控机床。 (3) For E or G grade roll bearing E、G级的滚动轴承 Shaft from IT5 to IT7 轴的公差等级 hole from IT6 to IT8 壳体孔的公差等级(4) For D and C

7、 grade roll bearing D、C级的滚动轴承 Shaft from IT4 to IT5 轴的公差等级 hole from IT5 to IT6 壳体孔的公差等级Fig. 5.1 Common fits of shaft and housing5.2 ISO Nomenclature ISO系统要求 公差带与基准制？The tolerance zone of rolling bearing滚动轴承公差带1）single direction 单向公差带2）basic deviation of inner race is ES 内圈基本偏差为ES3）basic deviation o

8、f outer is es 外圈基本偏差为esGEDCBGEDCB+0-+0-Dd轴承外圈外径的公差带轴承外圈外径的公差带轴承内圈内径的公差带轴承内圈内径的公差带2. The of rolling bearing基准制选择(1)Inner race and shaft is Hole-based system of fit; 内圈与轴配合基孔制 (2) Outer race and hole is Shaft-based system of fit . 外圈与轴承座配合基轴制Fig. 5.1 Common fits of shaft and housing 选择轴承配合性质的依据？ 内外圈所受

9、的负载类型、负载的大小、工作条件、相配合的孔和轴的材料和装卸要求等。5.3 Various Load Conditions各种载荷情况1.The type of load 负荷类型 （1）direct load 定向负荷或局部负荷（2）cycling load循环负荷（3）swing load摆动负荷direct load局部负荷外圈相对于负荷方向固定Loose fittingcycling load循环负荷内圈相对于负荷旋转Tight fittingswing load摆动负荷大小和方向按一定规律变化的径向负荷作用在套圈的部分滚道上。Table 5.1 Load conditions and

10、 fitsOuter race direct loadInner race cycling loadthe choice of fit 配合的选择 (1)direct load: Transition Fit or Clearance Fit (g, h) 局部(定向)负荷选过渡或间隙配合(g, h）(2) cycling load: Transition Fit or Interference Fit (Ymin ) 循环负荷选择过渡或较小过盈量的过盈配合(3) swing load: Transition Fit 摆动负荷选择过渡配合2 The amount of load 负荷大小 （1

11、）P0.07C , light load P0.07C时为轻负荷（2）0.07CP0.15C , common load 0.07CP0.15C , weight load 当P0.15C时为重负荷5.4 Geometric and Dimensional Accuracy, Surface Finish of rolling Bearings 滚动轴承的形位精度、尺寸与表面粗糙度Fig 5.3 geometrical tolerances例附表例附表4.4、4.55.5 The Design and Safety Guidelines滚动轴承的安全精度设计与指导The tolerance z

12、one of shaft and hole fitted 与滚动轴承配合的轴和壳体孔的公差带hole is sixteen tolerance zone : G7, H8, H7, H6, J7, JS7, J6, JS6, K6, K7, M6, M7, N6, N7, P6, P7;壳体孔的公差带5.5 The Design and Safety Guidelines滚动轴承的安全精度设计与指导(2) shaft is seventeen tolerance zone : g6, g5, h6, h5, j5, js6, k5, k6, m5, m6, n6, p6, r6, r7, h8

13、, h9.轴的公差带100H7（ ）+0.0350A0.015 A0.061.62+0.01255j6（ ）-0.0070.040.01 AA0.631.25（1）在零件图上，应标注以下参数：A、尺寸公差B、形状公差C、位置公差D、表面粗糙度2.Marking in detail drawings and assembly drawings .零件图和装配图的标注55j6100H7（2）在装配图上，不用标注轴承的公差等级代号，只需标注与之相配合的轴承座及轴颈的公差等级代号。Example: Precision grade of Radial ball bearing is E. Inner r

14、ace rotate with shaft and inner race diameter d=50mm. Outer race is stationary and outer race diameter D=90mm. Directional load P= 4000N, rated load Cr=31400N.例题：精度等级为E级的径向球轴承，内圈随轴旋转，内圈直径d=50mm，外圈静止，外圈直径D=90mm，定向负荷P=4000N，额定负荷Cr=31400N。Question问题： 1.Tolerance zone code of shaft and housing fitted wi

15、th bearing?与滚动轴承配合的轴和壳体孔的公差带代号？2. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft journal? 轴颈的形位公差和表面粗糙度?3. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft shoulder? 轴肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?4. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of housing journal? 壳体孔颈的形位公差和表面粗糙度?5. Geometrical tolerance and surface

16、 finish of housingshoulder?壳体孔肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?1.Tolerance zone code of shaft and housing fitted with bearing?与滚动轴承配合的轴和壳体孔的公差带代号？Solution: P=0.127Cr 正常负荷 table5.17 or table5.19 查附表查附表4.24.2，4.3 4.3 得轴公差带代号k5,壳体孔公差带代号H62. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft journal? 轴颈的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution：

17、 table5.2 or附表附表4.4 4.4 得圆柱度2.5微米，表面粗糙度0.63微米；3. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft shoulder? 轴肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution : 附表4.4 得端面圆跳动8微米，表面粗糙度1.25微米；4. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of housing journal? 壳体孔颈的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution： 圆柱度6微米，表面粗糙度1.6微米；5. Geometrical tolerance and s

18、urface finish of housing shoulder? 壳体孔肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution： 端面圆跳动15微米，表面粗糙度2微米。结束结束Width or height series 宽（高）度系列代号宽（高）度系列代号Table 2-18 Table 2-20 附录表附录表2-18 Table 2-20Rolling bearing codes 滚动轴承的代号滚动轴承的代号According to national standards, structure, dimension, tolerance degree and technical requirements are represented by the code of the rolling bearing. 按国家标准规定，滚动轴承的结构尺寸、公差等级、技术性能等特按国家标准规定，滚动轴承的结构尺寸、公差等级、技术性能等特性由滚动轴承代号来表示。性由滚动轴承代号来表示。 The