初中时态何佳成

1、语法第一讲中考时态语态什么叫时态？时时过去现在将来态态进行完成一般八大时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时Exercise 1. Who _(dance) best in your class?2. Students usually _(have) ten minutes rest between two classes. danceshave1.一般现在时一般现在时概念概念： 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：构成形式构成形式 ： 表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。状态。 do / does(三单三单)

2、every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, three times a day , etc我一到达那儿，就会给你写信。我一到达那儿，就会给你写信。一般现在时的注意点一般现在时的注意点: :1 、表客观事实或普遍真理、表客观事实或普遍真理The earth _ (go) round the sun .2 、 主将从现主将从现。在在when ,as soon as, until, after, before等到引导的时间状语从句和等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语引导的条件状语从句中从句中, 用一般现在时表示用一般现

3、在时表示将来将来. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go on a picnic .goes如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。Ill write to you as soon as I get there .3.列车时刻表，航班表上的内容The train (leave) at 2:00 oclock.一般现在时的注意点一般现在时的注意点: :leavesExercise 1.I _(find) my ruler in my desk .found2.We and _(see) lots of birds _(fly) over th

4、e trees.flyingsawfive minutes agolooked up2. 一般过去时一般过去时概念概念： 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：构成形式构成形式 ： 表示过去某个时间发生的动表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态作或存在的状态V+edyesterday, just now, last , this morning, ago, etc一般过去时的注意点一般过去时的注意点: :1、当没有明显的时间状语时、当没有明显的时间状语时,描描述几个相继发生过的动作述几个相继发生过的动作I always got up too late , washed my face , had a

5、quick breakfast and hurried to school .2、since从句中常用一般过去时从句中常用一般过去时You havent changed much since we last _(meet) .metExercise will beThe radio says that it _(be) sunny tomorrow.概念概念： 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：构成形式构成形式 ： 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态在的状态tomorrow, in three days，this, next, soon, etc. 1. wil

6、l+do /be2. am/is/are going to+do3. am/is/are + doing 3.一般将来时态一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense)Look at the dark clouds, it _rain.Tomorrow _ be April Fools Day.一般将来时的注意点一般将来时的注意点: :willis going to 4. 过去将来时1.My uncle told me that my aunt was going to have a child the next month.2.My friends told me that

7、they would have a great party for me.3.They would trek through the jungle the next day.过去将来时态用法：1.用于宾语从句中，当主句中是过去时态时，从句中的一般将来时就变成过去将来时。2.立足于过去言将来；- Hi , Mary . Where is your father?- Look, He _his car over there.A.washes B. is washing C. will wash D. has been washedExercise 概念概念： 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：表示现在或

8、现阶段正在发生的动作表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作构成形式构成形式 ： 5. 5. 现在现在进行时进行时现在进行时现在进行时的注意点的注意点: : - Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear?- Sorry, Jack. I _ in the kitchen and didnt hear you.A.was cooking B. am cooking C. wave cooked D. will cookExercise 概念概念： 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：构成形式构成形式 ： 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间表示过去某一时刻或某一时间

9、段段正在正在发生的动作。发生的动作。was/were+doinga.at this time yesterday, from seven to nine last night, at that moment, etcb.When引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 I was reading a book when Jim called.c. While 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 The UFO took off while the man was taking photos.6. 过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时的注意点过去进行时的注意点: :在在when , while引导的时间

10、状语从句引导的时间状语从句中中, 表示主从句中两个动作同时发生表示主从句中两个动作同时发生时时, 用过去进行时表示用过去进行时表示 .1. When my father got home, I _ a letter to my friend. (2008宁波中考宁波中考)A.write B. am writing C. wrote D. was writing2. _Jim was making a paper plane , his brother was doing homework.(对比）对比）While较长的动作较长的动作Exercise 1. He _(finish) writin

11、g the book, hasnt he?has finished 2. - You seem to know much about the city. - Thats true. I _ it three times. A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visithave/hasV-ed现在完成时结构现在完成时 用法一我吃盐有18年了。I have eaten salt for 18 years.我从1998年起一直吃盐。I have eaten salt since 1998.beforenow未完成延续for+时间段sin

12、ce+时间点ever 曾经yet 已经，还already 已经 before 之前so far 到目前为止in the past.yearsin the last.years现完的时间状语找 时间状语确定时态在过去几年间ExerciseJim in Shanghai since he finished his college.A. works B. is working C. has workedD. had worked-Will you go to see Tiny Times 4 with me?-No.（我看过了。） I have seen it.潜台词：我不想再看了。beforeno

13、w已完成影响现在完成时 用法二Someone all the cakes. Ill have to buy some more. A. ate B. eats C. has eaten 2009株洲25题过去发生，结束结束 现在，有影响有影响影响影响现在完成时一Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair?一Because I _ all my money on an MP5.A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending影响影响 三个短语的区别have been to have

14、 been to have gone to have gone to have been inhave been inI have been to Hong Kong. I have gone to Hong Kong. 去了回来去了没回现在完成时的注意点have been have been to to : : 去过已回来去过已回来have gone have gone toto：去了没有回去了没有回肉包子打狗， 有去无回！gogo现在完成时的注意点1.-May I speak to Tom?-Sorry, he is not at home. He _ to Shanghai. has g

15、one我在古墓呆了20多年了。I have been in GM for more than 20 years. have been in have been in 某地某地 for for 一段时间一段时间 呆在某地呆在某地.时间时间 1).Tom _never_ to America1).Tom _never_ to America2).- Is Tina at home?2).- Is Tina at home? - Sorry, she _ Shanxi, and - Sorry, she _ Shanxi, and she _there for three days.she _the

16、re for three days.现在完成时的注意点现在完成时的注意点:1. have been to , have been in 和和 have gone to 的区别的区别 MJ死了7年了。MJ has died for 7 years. MJ has died since 7 years ago . Michael Jackson（1958.8.292009.6.25） 延续动词 vs 瞬间动词一段时间不能和瞬间动词连用，改为延续动词延续V.be dead have keep be over be onbe away be inbe herewearbe married瞬间V.die

17、 buy borrow finish begin/startleave Joinarriveput onmarry必须用延续性动词翻译1.这本书我借了一个月。I have kept this book for a month. 2.她已经离开一个小时了。She has been away for an hour.3. 他们结婚20年了。They have been married for 20 years.4. 电影开始15分钟了。The movie has been on for 15 minutes.34. When did you buy the computer?I have _ th

18、is computer for 5 years, but it still works well.A. bought B. have C. had D.buying现在完成时的注意点现在完成时的注意点 D.常见句型常见句型It is +一段时间一段时间+ since 从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时).It is three days since they borrowed that book.Exercise had hadShe told me that she_ (have) this bike for three years.过去的过去过去未完成概念概念：构成形式构成形式 ： 8.8.过

19、去完成过去完成时时主语主语+ had done表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作。也称动作。也称“过去的过去过去的过去”延续8.8.过去完成过去完成时时 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ：by the end of last year, by, before +过过去的时间点；由去的时间点；由when, before, after, by the time等引导的状语丛句中，表示主等引导的状语丛句中，表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。句的动作发生在从句之前。过去完成时的注意点过去完成时的注意点:用于用于宾词从句宾词从句中，当主句的谓语动词中，当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时是一般

20、过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句一定要注意宾语从句中的时态变化。中的时态变化。He said that he _the film many times.had seenExercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it . A . will rain B. rains C .rained D. is raining 2.-Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter ”? -The film “Harry Potter ”? I _ it . Its very wonderful. A.see B.hav

21、e seen C.was seeing D.has seen3.The boy _(not swim) in the river yet.hasnt swum5.-Where is Liu Mei? - She_(go) home.4.- Where is your father?4.- Where is your father?- He _ (watch) TV in the room.- He _ (watch) TV in the room.7.He asked what they_(do) at eight last night.were doing8.I know that he _

22、(join) the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain) tomorrow. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone9 .Hes not hungry. He_ just_ (have) lunch.11.-_the Blacks _(visit) the Great Wall before? -Yes , they_. -When _they _(visit) it? -Only a month ago.10

23、. Im sure he _(work) it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 12.He_(look) out of the window when the match_(begin).was lookingbegan名称名称标志词标志词动词形式动词形式 一般现在时一般现在时every day, often always, sometimes,usually1.be 2.v.原形原形 3.v.-s/es(第第三人称单数三人称单数) 一般过去时一般过去时yesterday, just now,ago, la

24、st week1.v.-ed(规则动词规则动词)2.不规则动词不规则动词 现在进行时现在进行时now, Listen! Look !am/is/are+v.-ing (现在分词）现在分词） 过去进行时过去进行时at this/ that time yesterday, at ten yesterday morningWhen/ Whilewas/were+v.-ing（现在分（现在分词）词） 名称名称 标志词标志词动词形式动词形式 一般将来时一般将来时tomorrow, next year1.will/shall+v.原形原形2.am/is/are + going to +v.原形原形过去将来

25、时过去将来时1.would+v.原形原形2.was/ were+ going to +v.原形原形 现在完成时现在完成时already, yet, ever, never ,just, so far, sincehave/ has+V.过去分词过去分词过去完成时过去完成时by the time, when , beforehad +V.过去分词过去分词专项突破：专项突破： 1 ,慧眼识别慧眼识别标志词标志词Eg.( )1，-Shall we go shopping now? - Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A, wash B, washes C, am wash

26、ing D, washed. ( )2, “ Hero” is a wonderful movie. I _ it twice already. A,will see B, see C, saw D, have seen.特别提醒特别提醒：敏锐捕捉时间敏锐捕捉时间标志词标志词，并结合具体的，并结合具体的语境语境，选，选择出正确的动词时态，是解决此类问题的良策。请同学们择出正确的动词时态，是解决此类问题的良策。请同学们熟记各种常用时态所对应的时间状语及标志词。熟记各种常用时态所对应的时间状语及标志词。CD2，主从时态主从时态须呼应须呼应 如果所给的题干是主从复合句，可根据主从时态呼应如果所给的题干是主从复合句，可根据主从时态呼应原则确定正确的时态原则确定正确的时态Eg.( )1，I _ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow. A, will return B, returned C, have returned D, return( )2,- Did you see Tom at the party? - No, he _ by the time I got there. A, left B, was leaving C, had left D, has left特别提醒：特别提醒：近年来中考试题在考查主从句的时态呼应