大学英语应用文写作分析

1、大学英语应用文书信写作 书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。英文书信分为两大类：私人信件和公务信件。 私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手写，也可打印； 公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见如投诉信等的信件。公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式。英语书信的结构：英文书信通常包括6个组成局部：信头heading，包括寄信人地址和日期);信内地址inside address，指收信人地址);称呼salu

2、tation;正文body;结束语complimentary; 签名signature;有时候还包括附言postscript和 附件attachment。 在考试中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个局部。1. 信头Heading信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省州、 、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如：123 Tianhe RoadTianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510620Guangdong ProvinceP. R. C

3、.March 15, 2002 发信日期的写法： 年份应完全写出，不能简写。 月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。 月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29， 30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基数 词，简单明了。 日期可有以下几种写法： Oct. 20, 2004； 10 May., 2004； 3rd June, 2004； Sept. 16th, 2004。其中，最为通用。2. 信内地址Insid

4、e Address 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。3 .称呼Salutation 称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人那么常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大局部信件在称呼前加“Dear。如：DearProfessor/Prof.Bergen:DearDr.Johnson,对不相识的人可按性别称呼：DearSir:或DearMadam:DearLadies。如果不知收信人的性

5、别那么可用DearSirorMadam:3. 信的正文Body of the Letter 正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，再说明写信的目的，而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般说来，人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始，即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便知该信是答复哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并说明自己写信的

6、主要目的。 正文写作格式： 正文的写作格式主要有英式和美式两种。 1)英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构,即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款那么在中间偏右的位置。 2) 美式结构那么是齐头式结构，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。缩进式：Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writin

7、g my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give

8、 me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy齐头式：Dear Kate,I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook forAcademic Writing. I am in the process of writing mygraduation thesis, and need to consult the book now andthen for standard formatting. Thus I might n

9、eed to keep thebook for about a month and a half, and I hope that would notbring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I willmaintain the book in good condition.If possible, please give me a call and I will come by yourhouse to pick up the book. Thanks a lot.Yours,Judy4.结束语Complimentary Close

10、公务信件的结尾礼词包含两局部：发信人的结尾套语与署名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语结尾后面要加逗号。在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Trulyyours, Yourstruly, Respectfullyyours, Yoursrespectfully, Faithfullyyours, Yoursfaithfully, Sincerelyyours, Yourssincerely Yours truly, Yours 等。私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your lovin

11、g son / daughter等。5. 签名Signature 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易识别，因此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。投诉信 (ALetterofComplaint) 在人们的生活中经常会发生一些事情，比方消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等等令人伤脑筋的事情，有时写封投诉信不失为一个解决的办法。投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。投诉信的结

12、构1开头：自我介绍，交代投诉内容，说明本信的目的。2正文：说明情况，讲清利害，分析利弊。告诉对方你因此受到的伤害 或不便，提出解决问题的建议，说明希望如何处理。3结尾：表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望，希望尽快得到满 意的答复。 Dear _,I am _自我介绍. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about.The reason for my dissatisfaction is _总体介绍. In the first place, _抱怨的第一个方面. In addit

13、ion, _抱怨的第二个方面. Under these circumstances, I find it _感觉to_抱怨的方面给你带来的后果.I appreciate it very much if you could _提出建议和请求, preferably _进一步的要求, and I would like to have this matter settled by _设定解决事情最后期限. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Mi

14、ngDear Sir or Madam,I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.The reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommates inconsiderate behavior. His friends constantly visit him and he regular

15、ly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. Under these circumstances, I find it different to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind on my assignments.I am sure you will agree that the solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I wi

16、ll be free from such distraction. I would be grateful if you could fond a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible. Yours sincerely, Li MingDear Sir or Madam,It was somewhat irritating to find that the English-Chinesedictionary you sent to

17、 me on Dec. 13th, 2021 was totally unacceptable.The dictionary was a great disappointment, for when it arrived, it was far behind the date you promised to send it to me. Besides, the wrappings looked worn and dirty. And more surprisingly, when I opened the dictionary, I found more than 20 pages of i

18、t missing (p.123 to p. 136).Id be grateful if you could send me a replacement and refund my postage (state amount).I really appreciate your help.Yours faithfully, Li Ming投诉信常用语1) 有礼貌地说明所犯错误或指出问题1.I am writing to complain about-2.I write to express my concern/dissatisfaction about3.I would like to ex

19、press my disappointment about-4.We have received your (invoice/consignment)5.With reference to your invoice of- I must point out-6.According to-, the correct figure is-7.On checking the goods, we discovered that 200 radios were missing.8.Your invoice states that the consignment contains radios, but

20、in fact .2) 要求对方采取措施1. I will appreciate anything you can do to help me2. I trust you will take my complaint seriously.3. I would, however, be perfectly satisfied if you would kindly replace the item or refund my money, whichever is more convenient.4.We should be obliged if you could investigate the

21、se matters.5.We should be thankful if you could give us a refund for the faulty goods.6.We shall appreciate very much if you could replace the damaged goods by Tuesday.3) 期盼对方回复1. I look forward to hearing from you soon.2. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.3. I look for

22、ward to your early reply.Dear Sir,I wish to make a complaint about a Walkman which I bought three days ago in the Duty Free section of your airport. As is my habit, I made a point of trying it out on the spot. It worked perfectly well, and so I went ahead and purchased it.However, when I got home an

23、d tried it again, it seemed that the volume knob had ceased to work. Removing the back of the case, I found that the internal components of the Walkman were all rusted. Not only that but some of the wires were broken.I am sure that you will agree that this is a most unsatisfactory situation. Therefo

24、re, I request you to arrange to replace this Walkman with another one, which should be in perfect condition. Failing that, I will have to insist on a full refund of the price which I paid for it.Yours sincerely,John Jones2004年6月大学英语六级作文题目设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的效劳态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信信中必须包括以下内容：1、事情的起

25、因2、与书店交涉的经过3、呼吁效劳行业必须提高效劳质量June 19, 2004Dear Editor,I am writing this letter to reflect some problems I came across recently and. appeal to the improvement of the service industry.This weekend I bought an English-Chinese dictionary in a bookstore near my home since its cover is elaborately designed.

26、 But when I went home and read carefully, I found that the several pages of the dictionary have been cracked and befouled. What is worse, the misprints spread everywhere in the dictionary and seriously affect my comprehension. Since there was such damage and misprint to the dictionary, I went to the

27、 bookstore to require for a replace.But to my surprise, the staff of the bookstore turn down my request rudely and even denied the poor quality of the dictionary. It goes without saying that todays face-paced and market-oriented economy calls for much higher standard for service industry. However, t

28、o my regret, many of the commercials fail to achieve this standard and the quality of the staff needs to be improved. Its self-evident that the poor quality of practitioners in the service industry will not only deeply disappoint customers but also hamper the development of our countrys economy. As

29、a result, I expect your newspaper to appeal to the service industry to attach more importance to the service improvement.Thank you for your attention!Sincerely yours,SamDirections: You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because yo

30、ur roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and:1 ask for a new room next term,2 you would prefer a single room,3 explain your reasons.Dear Sir or Madam:I am wr

31、iting to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommates inconsiderate behavior. For one t

32、hing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.To solve this difficulty/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned. I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for

33、 me to move into a room of my own. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 申请信(ALetterofApplication) 申请信主要用于求职或求学,目的是要对方充分了解自己的目的和资格.因此,申请信必须简明扼要,突出重点.申请信可以是针对招聘广告

34、写的,也可以市直接递交给某个单位的.申请信要求语言标准,信息正式,既不能夸张,也不必过于谦虚.申请信的结构一般包括:申请目标,自述理由,介绍资格,请求面试和期待回音等. 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申请条件，这一局部需重点明确，论述充分。最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的措辞。这类信件的主要结构是: 1) 说明写作目的说明想要获得什么工作或学位，介绍自己，为什么写信假设是应聘工作那么还需说明何时何地从哪里获得该职位的招聘信息对公司评估广告效应非常重要)所有这些可以用一句话概括 2) 介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以说明你可以胜任这个职

35、位包括教育背景、工作经历、个人能力及成就还可根据情况简单介绍个人爱好和兴趣注意：所有这些内容均应与应聘工作或学位有关系介绍背景时，选词遣字既不过分渲染，又不过分谦虚要给人留下既充满信心又态度诚恳的印象 3) 表示感谢和期待，恳请招聘单位对自己的申请给予优先考虑，留下联络方式及对对方表示感谢practiceDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to apply for a position of being an English tutor for a fifteen-year-old st

36、udent. You should write no less than 180 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.说明写信的原因2.列举本人能胜任这份工作的理由3.总结并提出期望Dear Sir or Madam,Im writing in response to the advertisement on the Oct. 1st, 2005 edition of 21st Century. Im confident that my education and experience qualify me for t

37、his position.I can fulfill the responsibility for the following reasons. At present, Im a sophomore of Zhejiang University. As an English major, I have laid a solid foundation in language learning. Moreover, I have rich experience in teaching English though I am still a student now. I have tutored E

38、nglish to two students of junior middle school for a whole year. Under my supervision, both of them made great progress in English and got good scores in the final exams. Whats more, I attached much importance to communicating with them, and thus we built a good relationship.Im fully convinced that,

39、 with my qualification and experience, I am the right person for the job. I hope you will take my qualification into consideration. Please contact me at by mail or 85588886 by phone. Your early reply will be appreciated. Yours faithfully Mary范文： Dear Mr. Moore, I would like to express my interest in

40、 your recently advertised position for a waitress. I am enclosing my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications. Not only do I have the qualifications and work experience for this job, but I also have the right personality for a waitress. I am a friendly person who

41、can quickly establish a rapport with people of all ages. The fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suits me, because I enjoy working under pressure. My former boss was surprised at my efficiency in dealing with customers orders. I hope to meet with you to discuss the possibility of working at

42、your restaurant. I can be reached at 4639234 during the days and 924,6868 after 6 p.m. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to you in the near future. Yours sincerely Li Ming Dear Sirs,I am interested in attending your college to prepare myself for a career in teaching, probably

43、at the secondary level, and would like take the chance to talk with you about certification requirements and the programs open to me at Open University.As my two children (aged four and six) still require considerableattention, I am not free at present to attend school on a full-time basis. However,

44、 I would like to begin as soon as possible if a part-timeprogram can be arranged. I am a graduate of London University, class of 1996, where I majored in English and minored in mathematics. My choice of teaching filed would probably be one of these two subjects.Enclosed is a resume of my background

45、and experience. I will call your office in a few days for an appointment.Faithfully yours,Jane常见求职及申请信的导语句型： I am writing to apply for . I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in Beijing Daily of March 21. I am writing to express my interest in . I am writing to formally reques

46、t . I should like to apply for the job advertised in yesterdays newspaper. Your advertisement for a sale manager in has impressed me. I feel I can fill that vacancy The requirements outlined in your advertisement makes me confident that I am qualified for the position. I am writing in response to yo

47、ur advertisement for the position of It is with considerable interest that I enclose my resume in response to your advertisement for a Human Resources Manager. 表示信心、能力或兴趣的方式： I feel that similar contributions might be made to your firm as well. I feel that, with my overall qua1ifications and desire,

48、 I could contribute significantly to your company. I feel that I can make a strong contribution to your company. I would appear to have excellent qualifications for this position . I feel confident that I can provide the kind of leadership that you are seeking for. I am convinced that my interest to

49、gether with my academic background and working experiences will make me better qualified in applying a course of a higher level. 在信尾表达进一步联系的愿望，表示感谢的方式： After you have reviewed the enclosed curriculum vitae, I would appreciate an opportunity to discuss how I may contribute to your department. I would

50、 be pleased to have the opportunity to interview with . I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss how I might further contribute to your . Thank you again and I look forward to hearing from you shortly. I am very interested in this position and would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss

51、 during a face-to-face interview. Thank you for you consideration. Thank you again and I am looking forward to hearing from you. I would appreciate it if you could contact me as soon as possible. If there is anything further I could add to a review of my qualifications or goals, please do not hesita

52、te to call. I hope to hear from you soon.推荐信A letter of recommendation 推荐信是一个人为推荐另一个人去接受某个职位或参与某项工作而写的信件。特定含义下指本科生或硕士研究生到其他一般是国外大学研究生院攻读硕士或博士学位时，请老师所写的推荐信。一般说来美国的研究生院要求提供3封推荐信，信件作者应该熟悉学生，并且有一定知名度。 一封推荐信应该提供如下信息：who you are, your connection with the person you are recommending, why they are qualified

53、 and the specific skills they have。此外，还应该包括联系方式，以便用人单位可以了解、确认情况。推荐信一般分为三个局部：(1)介绍推荐人和提及与自己的熟悉程度； (2)对推荐人的评价； (3)提及推荐者综合素质有关的内容。 Paragraph 1推荐信的第一段应该说明你和被推荐人的关系，包括你是怎么认识他/她的，还有你写这封推荐信的资格。Paragraph 2推荐信的第二段应该包括被推荐人的个人信息，说明他/她的资格、能力，如果是推荐被推荐人应聘某个职位，推荐信应该描述这个人的能力能适合他/她所要求的职位。可以参考招聘广告上对职位的要求和被推荐人的简历一起来写.

54、Paragraph 3 Summary主要内容表达清楚后，还应该加一个简短的总结。总结局部应该再简述一下你为什么要推荐这个人。可以写上I highly recommend the person，I recommend the person without reservation 或者其他类似的话。推荐信的结尾局部应该写上你愿意提供更多的详细信息，要注明你的 号码，联系方式和email address.一封推荐学生进一步攻读学位的信 Dear Sir or Madam:This is to recommend Mr. Huang Gang for admission to your univer

55、sity. I have known Mr. Huang since 1995 when I served as advisor to the students in the Electrical Engineering Department at Xiamen University. Later, it happened that in 2001 I served as Mr. Huangs supervisor again in his graduate program at Shangdong University. Therefore I know Mr. Huang very wel

56、l in terms of his personality and academic performance. Therefore I know Mr. Huang very well in terms of his personality and academic performance. Mr. Hang has always been a very diligent student with an integrity. He has a broad range of interest in both academic and extracurricular activities. His

57、 academic record has constantly been at the top level, which resulted from his devotion to study and intelligent nature. In dealing with his fellow students, Mr. Huang always shows willingness to help others and it well respected by them. I highly recommend his admission and hope that you act favora

58、bly on his application. If there is anything more you need to know about him, please dont hesitate to contact me.With the best regards. Sincerely yours,( signature) Xu Ming Professor and Deputy Head (Academic) Dept. of University 写推荐信时，必然会提及被推荐人的品性Characters。介绍每个独特的个性用词也十分讲究，以下Characters是一些跨国企业或国外大学

59、所欣赏的形容词:1、Scholastic aptitude学习方面的才能 aNativeintellectualability天赋 bImagination想象力 cCreativity创造力 dCapacityforanalyticalthinking分析思考能力 eIntellectualcuriosity;spiritofinquiry好奇心 f Abilitytoworkindependently独立学习工作的能力 gMemory记忆力 hAccuracy准确性 iMethodology研究方法 j Capabilityforabstractreasoning抽象推理的能力 kPote

60、ntialasaresearcher研究的潜力 l Potentialasateacher教学的潜力 mAbilitytoexpresshisideasorallyandinwriting口头或文字的表达能力 nCapacity,desireanddeterminationforgoodquality graduate work获得学业成功的能力、愿望与决心 oProbablesuccessasagraduatestudent作为研究生成功的可能性2、Academicperformance学业上的表现 aBreadthofgeneralknowledge知识丰富 bKnowledgeoflit