2012初中英语语法复习-现在完成时课件

1、The present perfect tense现在完成时He is full .He has had breakfast.1.过去某一时间点发生的动作对现在产生影响。功能：I have learned English for ten years2.过去某一时间点发生的动作持续 到现在或还将持续下去。基本结构The present perfect tensehave / has + done 助动词 （可以帮助构成肯定、疑问和否定句） 现在完成时动词构成: have / has + v 过去分词 助动词否定haventhasnt疑问Have you?Has he?I, finish, hom

2、eworkI have finished my homework.I havent finished my homework.Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I havent.过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：规则变化: a)一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed, 如play-played，work-worked，water-watered, finish-finished等;b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, carry-carried study-studied等;c)以一个辅音字母结尾的

3、重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed 如: stop-stopped，shop-shopped等。不规则变化：见不规则动词表 点击不规则动词表 不规则动词表Infinitive(原形) Past Tense(过去式) Past Participle(过去分词) （一）ABC 型: be(am,is,are)was werebeenbeginbeganbegunbitebitbitten/bitbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosendodiddone（一）ABC 型: drawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunk drivedrovedriv

4、en eatateeaten fall fellfallen flyflewflown forgetforgotforgotten getgotgotten/got （一）ABC 型: givegavegiven gowentgone grow grewgrown hidehidhidden/hid know knewknown lielaylain mistake mistook mistaken rideroderidden（一）ABC 型: ringrangrung riseroserisen seesawseen shake shookshaken singsangsung speak

5、 spokespoken stealstolestolen（一）ABC 型: swimswamswum taketooktaken throwthrewthrown wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked/woke wearworeworn writewrotewritten（二） ABB型: bringbroughtbrought buildbuiltbuilt burn burnt/burnedburnt/burned buyboughtbought catchcaughtcaught digdugdug feelfeltfelt fightfoughtfought（二）ABB

6、型: findfoundfound havehadhad hearheard heard holdheldheld keepkeptkept leadledled leave leftleft learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt（二）ABB型: loselostlost mean meantmeant meetmetmet paypaidpaid readreadread saysaidsaid sellsoldsold sendsentsent （二）ABB型: shineshone/shinedshone/shined shootshotshot sitsa

7、tsat sleepsleptslept smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled spendspentspent（二）ABB型: standstoodstood sweepsweptswept teachtaughttaught telltoldtold thinkthought thought understandunderstood understood win wonwon（三）AAB型: beatbeatbeaten（四）ABA型: becomebecamebecome comecamecome r

8、unranrun（五）AAA型: castcastcast costcostcost（五）AAA型: cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letletlet putputput readreadread setsetset shutshutshut A: _ your brother _ his homework yet? (finish)B: Yes, he s already done it.Key wordsHas finished yet already 注意：already 用于肯定句， yet 用于疑问句和否定句中a）already 往往用于肯定句，用

9、在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？A: _ you ever _ to the park? ( be )B: No, never. Key wordsHave been yet already ever n

10、ever 注意： ever 曾经 用于疑问句中 never 从不 带有否定意义I _ just _ the desk, you can take it to your classroom . (mend )Key wordshave mended yet ever never just already Just 刚刚 与现在完成时连用 一般置句中Just now 刚才 与一般过去时连用Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work )Key wordshas worked yet ever never since a

11、lready since 后面带过去时间或有一般过去时的句子A: How long _ you _ in this school? (teach )B: For 6 years. Key wordshave taught yet ever never since for already + 一段时间We _ only _ 100 trees so far. (answer ) Key words have planted yet ever never since for just already so far 到目前为止d） before 用于完成时，而ago 用于过去时He has star

12、ted his work ten years before. 他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他的工作的。Key words yet ever never since for just before already so far in the past 10 years twice 也可以是其他表示次数的词how long现在完成时的运用(2):2在表示“用法2”时，现在完成时常和 for 或 since 引导的表示 “一段时间”的短语或从句连用（ 例如：for a week, for many years, f

13、or a long time/ since 1978,since last year, since he came here）此时动词不可用瞬间动词，而必须用延续性动词。（下面我们与过去时对比，来说明这种用法） 例如1：He bought a car six months ago. 他六个月前买了一辆车。(与过去具体时间连用，表示过去的动作，故该句用的是一般过去时)He has already bought a car. 他已经买了一辆车。(说明现在他有车的事实)He has had a car for six months. 他买车已经半年了。(此句与for six months即 “一段时

14、间”连用，而瞬间性动词buy不可延续，故要说明动作的延续性，须把buy换成持续性动词have)例如2:I borrowed a book last week. 上周我借了一本书。(说明过去的动作，与过去具体时间连用)I have borrowed the book. 我已经借了那本书了。(说明现在书在我这里的事实)I have kept the book for a week. 我已经借那本书一周了。(与for a week即 “一段时间”连用，用持续性动词keep替换瞬间性动词borrow。)例如3：He taught in this school in 2000. (说明过去的动作，与过去

15、具体时间连用)He has taught in this school since he came here.自从他来这里就一直在这里教书. ( teach 本身是持续性动词, 无须用其他词替换)Some verbs cant often be used with for or since He has bought the book. He has bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week. buyhavecome /go/get tobe injoin be inbe a memberleave be away b

16、orrow keep begin be on finish be over die be dead reture be back Please point out any mistakes and correctShe has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadPlease point out any mistakes and correctHow long have you come to the United States？ been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadPle

17、ase point out any mistakes and correctAnn has gone to China since three months ago.been income tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been inPlease point out any mistakes and correctMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo

18、tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier Please point out any mistakes and correctI have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away for 3 days. come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a s

19、oldier leave have/has been away Please point out any mistakes and correctI have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept

20、Please point out any mistakes and correctThe film has begun for 10 minutes. been on come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on Please point out any

21、mistakes and correctThe concert has finished for half an hour. been over come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over Please

22、 point out any mistakes and correctHis dog has died for two years . been dead come tohave/has been inbuyhave/has hadgo tohave/has been ingot tohave/has been injoin have/has been inhave/has been a soldier leave have/has been away borrow have/has kept begin have/has been on finish have/has been over d

23、ie have/has been dead can you distinguish? have been to have gone to have been in去过某地已经回来常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 一直留在某地与for / since连用用how long 提问去了某地还没回来 Her sister _ Australia,She left this morning.has gone to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在 A: Where is Bob ?B: He _ Japan with his sister. has gone to can you distinguish? have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in去过常与ever, never,once,twice,连用 在与时间段连用用how long 提问去了说话时某人不在 A: How long _ you _ China? B: I _