专八阅读理解模拟试题

1、专八阅读理解模拟试题（6）Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendlinessandapproval.Baringtheteethinahostileway,asnotedbyCharlesDarwininthenin

2、eteenthcentury,maybeauniversesignofanger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Darwinbelievedthattheuniversalrecognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhavesurvivalvalue.Forexample,facialexpressionscouldsignaltheapproachofenemies(orfriends)intheabsenceoflanguage.Mostinvestigatorsconcurthatcertainfacialexpre

3、ssionssuggestthesameemotionsinapeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizetheemotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldtoindicatewhatemotionswerebeingdep

4、ictedinthem.ThosequeriedrangedfromEuropeancollegestudentstomembersoftheFore,atribethatdwellsintheNewGuineahighlands.AllgroupsincludingtheFore,whohadalmostnocontactwithWesternculture,agreedontheportrayedemotions.TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecha

5、ractersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftenculturesinwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthatmultipleemotionswereshownbyfacialexpressions.Theparticipantsgenerallyagreedonwhichtwoemotionswerebeingshownandwhichemotionwasmo

6、reintense.Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflectemotionalstates.Infact,variousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrain.Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpres

7、sionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles(feedback)aresentbacktoemotioncentersofthebrain,andsoapersonsfacialexpressioncaninfluencethatpersonsemotionalstate.ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,t

8、herepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Psychologicalresearchhasgivenrisetosomeinterestingfindingsconcerningthefacial-feedbackhypothesis.Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,forexample,leadsthemtoreportm

9、orepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons(humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations)asbeingmorehumorous.Whentheyarecausedtofrown,theyratecartoonsasbeingmoreaggressive.Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?Onelinkisarousal,whichisthelevelofactivityorpreparednessforactivityinanorganism.Inten

10、secontractionoffacialmuscles,suchasthoseusedinsignifyingfear,heightensarousal.Self-perceptionofheightenedarousalthenleadstoheightenedemotionalactivity.Otherlinksmayinvolvechangesinbraintemperatureandthereleaseofneurotransmitters(substancesthattransmitnerveimpulses.)Thecontractionoffacialmusclesbothi

11、nfluencestheinternalemotionalstateandreflectsit.Ekmanhasfoundthattheso-calledDuchennesmile,whichischaracterizedbycrowsfeetwrinklesaroundtheeyesandasubtledropintheeyecoverfoldsothattheskinabovetheeyemovesdownslightlytowardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantfeelings.EkmansobservationmayberelevanttotheBritish

12、expressionkeepastiffupperlipasarecommendationforhandlingstress.Itmightbethatastifflipsuppressesemotionalresponse-aslongasthelipisnotquiveringwithfearortension.Butwhentheemotionthatleadstostiffeningthelipismoreintense,andinvolvesstrongmuscletension,facialfeedbackmayheightenemotionalresponse.Thewordde

13、spondentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoAcuriousBunhappyCthoughtfulDuncertainTheauthormentionsBaringtheteethinahostilewayinordertoAdifferentiateonepossiblemeaningofaparticularfacialexpressionfromothermeaningsofitBupportDarwinstheoryofevolutionCprovideanexampleofafacialexpressionwhosemeaningiswidelyu

14、nderstoodDcontrastafacialexpressionthatiseasilyunderstoodwithotherfacialexpressionsThewordconcurinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoAestimateBagreeCexpectDunderstandAccordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheForepeopleofNewGuinea?ATheydidnotwanttobeshownphotographs.BTheywerefamousfortheirstory

15、-tellingskills.CTheyknewverylittleaboutWesternculture.DTheydidnotencouragetheexpressionofemotions.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?ATheywouldbecomelessintense.BTheywouldlastlongerthanusual.CTheywouldcauseproblemslater.DTheywouldbecomemorenegati

16、ve.参考答案（反白可见）：BCBCA专八阅读理解模拟试题（5）StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfull

17、ythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatr

18、ulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedassolitaryandindividualtheoristswereinrealityconnectedtoamovement-utopiansocialism-whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatculminatedinthefirstwomensrightsconferenceheldatSene

19、caFalls.NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.Theearliestandmo

20、stpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroupscontributiontoearlysocialism.Thisisregrettableontwocounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherentsenergy;hence,byign

21、oringitsfeminism.EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtoSaint-Simonianism,EuropeanhistoriansappreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simonsfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheirfeminismonaninterpretationofh

22、isprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetweenmen

23、andwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femaledifference

24、stosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.1.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnitedStatesassolitar

25、ytobeAinsufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthoughtBoverlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848Cnotfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscopeDinsufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconferenceAc

26、cordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheSenecaFallsconferenceonwomensrights?AItwasprimarilyaproductofnineteenth-centurySaint-Simonianfeministthought.BItwastheworkofAmericanactivistswhowereindependentoffeministsabroad.CItwastheculminatingachievementoftheUtopiansocialistmovement.DItwasamanif

27、estationofaninternationalmovementforsocialchangeandfeminismTheauthorsattitudetowardmostEuropeanhistorianswhohavestudiedtheSaint-SimoniansisprimarilyoneofAapprovalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearchBdisapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmostoftheSaint-Simoniansenergyafter1832Capprovalo

28、ftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditionsDdisapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterpartsItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthatstudyofSaint-SimonianismisnecessaryforhistoriansofAmericanfeminismbecausesuchstudyAwouldclarifytheideologicalorigins

29、ofthosefeministideasthatinfluencedAmericanfeminismBwouldincreaseunderstandingofamovementthatdeeplyinfluencedtheUtopiansocialismofearlyAmericanfeministsCwouldfocusattentiononthemostimportantaspectofSaint-Simonianthoughtbefore1832DpromisestoofferinsightintoamovementthatwasadirectoutgrowthoftheSenecaFa

30、llsconferenceof1848Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostaccuratedescriptionofthesocietyenvisionedbymostSaint-Simonians?AAsocietyinwhichwomenwerehighlyregardedfortheirextensiveeducationBAsocietyinwhichthetwogendersplayedcomplementaryrolesandhadequalstatusCAsocietyinwhichwomendidnote

31、nterpubliclifeDAsocialorderinwhichabodyofmenandwomenwouldruletogetheronthebasisoftheirspiritualpower参考答案ADBAB专八阅读理解模拟试题(4)Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry-WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),whichpre

32、sentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathawaysCottage,Shakespearesbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.Theyfr

33、anklydisliketheRSCsactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.ItsalldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus-andoftentakeinWarwickCa

34、stleandBlenheimPalaceonthesidedontusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetownsrevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pourin

35、gcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.ThetownsfolkdontseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge

36、.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcantunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lasty

37、earits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyeartheylldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratfordsmostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.T

38、heyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)Tean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandais,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,

39、welearnthatthetownsfolkdenytheRSCscontributiontothetownsrevenuetheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstagethetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodtermsthetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourismItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatthesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatelytheplaygoersspendmoremoneytha

40、nthesightseersthesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoerstheplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheaterBysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthatStratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojectsStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficultiesthetownisnotreallyshortofmon

41、eythetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaidAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespendingthecompanyisfinanciallyill-managedthebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptablethetheatreattendanceisontheriseFromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthorissupportiveofbothsidesfav

42、orsthetownsfolksviewtakesadetachedattitudeissympathetictotheRSC.参考答案ABCDD专八阅读理解模拟试题（3）Hewasanoldmanwithawhitebeardandhugenoseandhands.Longbeforethetimeduringwhichwewillknowhim,hewasadoctoranddroveajadedwhitehorsefromhousetohousethroughthestreetsofWinesburg.Laterhemarriedagirlwhohadmoney.Shehadbeenle

43、ftalargefertilefarmwhenherfatherdied.Thegirlwasquiet,tall,anddark,andtomanypeoplesheseemedverybeautiful.EveryoneinWinesburgwonderedwhyshemarriedthedoctor.Withinayearafterthemarriageshedied.Theknucklesofthedoctorshandswereextraordinarilylarge.Whenthehandswereclosedtheylookedlikeclustersofunpaintedwoo

44、denballsaslargeaswalnutsfastenedtogetherbysteelrods.Hesmokedacobpipeandafterhiswifesdeathsatalldayinhisemptyofficeclosebyawindowthatwascoveredwithcobwebs.Heneveropenedthewindow.OnceonahotdayinAugusthetriedbutfounditstuckfastandafterthatheforgotallaboutit.Winesburghadforgottentheoldman,butinDoctorRee

45、fythereweretheseedsofsomethingveryfine.AloneinhismustyofficeintheHeffnerBlockabovetheParisDryGoodsCompanysstore,heworkedceaselessly,buildingupsomethingthathehimselfdestroyed.Littlepyramidsoftruthheerectedandaftererectingknockedthemdownagainthathemighthavethetruthstoerectotherpyramids.DoctorReefywasa

46、tallmanwhohadwornonesuitofclothesfortenyears.Itwasfrayedatthesleevesandlittleholeshadappearedatthekneesandelbows.Intheofficeheworealsoalinendusterwithhugepocketsintowhichhecontinuallystuffedscrapsofpaper.Aftersomeweeksthescrapsofpaperbecamelittlehardroundballs,andwhenthepocketswerefilledhedumpedthem

47、outuponthefloor.Fortenyearshehadbutonefriend,anotheroldmannamedJohnSpaniardwhoownedatreenursery.Sometimes,inaplayfulmood,oldDoctorReefytookfromhispocketsahandfulofthepaperballsandthrewthematthenurseryman.Thatistoconfoundyou,youblitheringoldsentimentalist,hecried,shakingwithlaughter.ThestoryofDoctorR

48、eefyandhiscourtshipofthetalldarkgirlwhobecamehiswifeandlefthermoneytohimisaverycuriousstory.Itisdelicious,likethetwistedlittleapplesthatgrowintheorchardsofWinesburg.Inthefallonewalksintheorchardsandthegroundishardwithfrostunderfoot.Theappleshavebeentakenfromthetreesbythepickers.Theyhavebeenputinbarr

49、elsandshippedtothecitieswheretheywillbeeateninapartmentsthatarefilledwithbooks,magazines,furniture,andpeople.Onthetreesareonlyafewgnarledapplesthatthepickershaverejected.TheylookliketheknucklesofDoctorReefyshands.Onenibblesatthemandtheyaredelicious.Intoalittleroundplaceatthesideoftheapplehasbeengath

50、eredallofitssweetness.Onerunsfromtreetotreeoverthefrostedgroundpickingthegnarled,twistedapplesandfillinghispocketswiththem.Onlythefewknowthesweetnessofthetwistedapples.ThegirlandDoctorReefybegantheircourtshiponasummerafternoon.Hewasforty-fivethenandalreadyhehadbegunthepracticeoffillinghispocketswith

51、thescrapsofpaperthatbecamehardballsandwerethrownaway.Thehabithadbeenformedashesatinhisbuggybehindthejadedgreyhorseandwentslowlyalongcountryroads.Onthepaperswerewrittenthoughts,endsofthoughts,beginningsofthoughts.OnebyonethemindofDoctorReefyhadmadethethoughts.Outofmanyofthemheformedatruththatarosegig

52、anticinhismind.Thetruthcloudedtheworld.Itbecameterribleandthenfadedawayandthelittlethoughtsbeganagain.ThetalldarkgirlcametoseeDoctorReefybecauseshewasinthefamilywayandhadbecomefrightened.Shewasinthatconditionbecauseofaseriesofcircumstancesalsocurious.Thedeathofherfatherandmotherandtherichacresofland

53、thathadcomedowntoherhadsetatrainofsuitorsonherheels.Fortwoyearsshesawsuitorsalmosteveryevening.Excepttwotheywereallalike.Theytalkedtoherofpassionandtherewasastrainedeagerqualityintheirvoicesandintheireyeswhentheylookedather.Thetwowhoweredifferentweremuchunlikeeachother.Oneofthem,aslenderyoungmanwith

54、whitehands,thesonofajewelerinWinesburg,talkedcontinuallyofvirginity.Whenhewaswithherhewasneveroffthesubject.Theother,ablack-hairedboywithlargeears,saidnothingatallbutalwaysmanagedtogetherintothedarkness,wherehebegantokissher.Foratimethetalldarkgirlthoughtshewouldmarrythejewelersson.Forhoursshesatins

55、ilencelisteningashetalkedtoherandthenshebegantobeafraidofsomething.Beneathhistalkofvirginityshebegantothinktherewasalustgreaterthaninalltheothers.Attimesitseemedtoherthatashetalkedhewasholdingherbodyinhishands.Sheimaginedhimturningitslowlyaboutinthewhitehandsandstaringatit.Atnightshedreamedthathehad

56、bittenintoherbodyandthathisjawsweredripping.Shehadthedreamthreetimes,thenshebecameinthefamilywaytotheonewhosaidnothingatallbutwhointhemomentofhispassionactuallydidbitehershouldersothatfordaysthemarksofhisteethshowed.AfterthetalldarkgirlcametoknowDoctorReefyitseemedtoherthatsheneverwantedtoleavehimag

57、ain.Shewentintohisofficeonemorningandwithouthersayinganythingheseemedtoknowwhathadhappenedtoher.Intheofficeofthedoctortherewasawoman,thewifeofthemanwhokeptthebookstoreinWinesburg.Likeallold-fashionedcountrypractitioners,DoctorReefypulledteeth,andthewomanwhowaitedheldahandkerchieftoherteethandgroaned

58、.Herhusbandwaswithherandwhenthetoothwastakenouttheybothscreamedandbloodrandownonthewomanswhitedress.Thetalldarkgirldidnotpayanyattention.Whenthewomanandthemanhadgonethedoctorsmiled.Iwilltakeyoudrivingintothecountrywithme,hesaid.Forseveralweeksthetalldarkgirlandthedoctorweretogetheralmosteveryday.The

59、conditionthathadbroughthertohimpassedinanillness,butshewaslikeonewhohasdiscoveredthesweetnessofthetwistedapples,shecouldnotgethermindfixedagainupontheroundperfectfruitthatiseateninthecityapartments.InthefallafterthebeginningofheracquaintanceshipwithhimshemarriedDoctorReefyandinthefollowingspringshed

60、ied.Duringthewinterhereadtoheralloftheoddsandendsofthoughtshehadscribbledonthebitsofpaper.Afterhehadreadthemhelaughedandstuffedthemawayinhispocketstobecomeroundhardballs.AccordingtothestoryDoctorReefyslifeseemsvery.eccentricB.normalC.enjoyableD.optimisticThestorytellsusthatthetalldarkgirlwasinthefam