大学生英语竞赛改错

1、大学生英语竞赛改错1. 快速浏览全文，了解文章大意2. 仔细阅读文章，逐句进行分析以句为单位，整体进行分析；若在分析中难以找出某行的错误，可首先回忆改错题的几大错误类型，再对照句子分析这些可能的出题点，直至找出错误为止。3. 再次阅读全文，核实所修改的地方解题技巧一般无论什么错误在改错时都只能动一个词改错题没有单词拼写错误，要求学生能运用语法，词汇，结构等知识识别短文内的语病注意事项缺词/多词名词：数；可数性形容/副词：形式/级近义搭配时态/语态动词虚拟语气非谓语动词As/like结构11. 定语从句的关系词12. 前后照应主谓一致时态一致c. 指代一致d. 修辞一致13. 逻辑关系： 连词/

2、连接性副词 反义词 其它Checklist缺漏:冠词、介词、代词、关系词、连词等赘述:相同或相近的词语以及出现两个主语等。1 缺词/多词例1 单数可数名词一般前应有冠词，但有些固定搭配 中不用冠词。 Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand.Key: by (the) hand by hand1 缺词/多词例2 关系代词前的介词I suddenly realized that my own parents are the ones whom I can rely. Key: (on) who

3、m例3 不及物动词后接宾语应添加介词But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions.Key: arriving (at)例1 名词的限定The day before the speech contest English teacherKey: my。可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English，但指代不明。根据上下文，加上my比较贴切。2 名词例2 名词可数与不可数的误用 Too much tests are disadvantage for students s

4、tudy. （误） In modern society, people are under various pressures（误） 2 名词例3 名词的单复数1)and asked me lots of question. Key: Questions “question”为可数名词，在lots of后面，应加-s。2)We study quite a few subject，such as maths, Key: subjectsA few后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。2 名词例1 形容词用来修饰名词或作表语，副词修饰形容词副词或动词，经常有误用：It is essential that p

5、eople be psychological able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.Key: Psychological psychologically 修饰形容词3 形容/副词与比较例2 系动词和感官动词后接形容词。系动词包括：be, appear, seem, become, turn, go, come, grow, keep,感官动词包括feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。其中有些系动词又可以做实义动词

6、：become成为, appear出现, turn转动, go去, come来, grow种植/成长, keep保留I frequently feel weakly and dissatisfied with myselfAll the dishes taste most deliciously. Key: weakly weak deliciously delicious3 形容/副词与比较例3 -ly结尾的词不一定都是副词，如friendly, woolly长绒毛的, costly昂贵的, lonely, elderly, olderly, fatherly, brotherly, dea

7、dly等，注意区分。例4 以a-开头的形容词一般只作表语：afraid, alike, akin, alive, alone, asleep, awake, ashamed, afloat, alight发亮/燃着的 等。如果用作了定语，则需更换成相应形式。3 形容/副词与比较例5 有些副词有两种形式，但意义不同，需加以区分High高 highly：高度地Deep深 deeply：深深地Wide宽/大 widely：广泛/大大地Hard努力 hardly：几乎不Near近 nearly：几乎/将近close近 closely：细心/严密/密切Late迟 lately：最近Most最 mostl

8、y：主要/通常Just 刚/仅/正好 justly 公平/正当/精确地Pretty相当/非常 prettily漂亮地/令人愉悦地3 形容/副词与比较Right就/正是/顺利 rightly正确/当/公正地Slow缓慢(go/run/speak/read) slowly慢慢/渐渐地Loud/loudly大声地 （louder/loudest）Fair公平/公正/正好 fairly 相当/适度/公正Easy不着急/慢慢/容易 easily轻易/容易/很可能Dead突然/完全/直接 deadly极为/死一般地Clean完全/一直 cleanly干净利落地Clear清楚/完全/远离 clearly 清

9、楚/显然/明亮 3 形容/副词与比较例6. 比较结构中，一般用than来连接，但有些词用to如：superior/inferior/senior/junior.或者asasTheir fields yield twice as much corn this year than they did last year after adopting the advanced technology.Key: Than as3 形容/副词与比较例7.有些词本身就是最高级不可在添加more/most excellent; perfect; complete；entire(ly); extreme; uni

10、que; round; dead; alive; ultimate; utter; square等。They may learn that questions which seemed most entirely objective then appear to be highly biased to someone else.Most entirely entirely 3 形容/副词与比较例8. 混淆比较的两部分。如：The climate in the coastal cities is much warmer than in the interior cities（在than与 in之

11、间应加指示代词that句中用于比较的两个部分是气候而不是地区。）3 形容/副词与比较某些近义词表面意思讲得通，但不贴切或不准确，需要进行替换。Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a high personal matter.High highly 极为/高度Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from car

12、s, busesVoice noise4 近义词主要涉及形容词、名词、动词等与介词的搭配；动词、形容词与名词的搭配以及比较结构等固定搭配。On some fields, this has clearly not happened.On some fields inThis has probably been the case in quite a while. infor5 搭配Such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients.Dependent in depende

13、nt on5 搭配例1 根据时间状语（包括副词（词组）和从句）或逻辑对句子的时态作出正确判断。By the time the sun sets this evening, I will have finished the book I am writing for the last six years.am writing have been writingI was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. There are there were6 时态和语态熟记事态的特殊规律陈述真理或常识性

14、事件时，用一般现在时时间、条件从句中不能用将来时6 时态和语态例2 静态动词不能用进行时态：a. be动词和have(有)b. apply to; belong to; differ from; cost; weigh; measure; fit; hold(容纳); lack; resemble等c. 表示感觉的动词:feel; hear; see, smell; tasted. 心理或情感动词:assume; believe; consider; detest(憎恶);feat; hate; hope; wish; like; love; regret; know; suppose; un

15、derstand; want; remember; imagine; notice6 时态和语态He resembles his father.I know that this issue is important.I have English classic literary books.Cf. I am having a wonderful time in Hawaii.6 时态和语态例3要根据句意确定使用主动还是被动被动语态不仅出现在谓语的位置上，还出现在非谓语动词结构中，还有不同的时体变化。 Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in

16、 a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people to have affected.To have affected to have been affected6 时态/语态例4 除了要时态/语态，还要注意是否及物动词The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. （误） The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. （正） Because of

17、his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误） Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正） 7 动词例5 只有及物动词或词组才用被动形式；但并非所有及物动词都可用于被动结构：如have; let; become; get; fit; suit; lack; resemble 小心被动结构不规则动词的过去分词形式Throughout history, shoes have been wore not only for protectio

18、n but also for decoration. Have been wore have been worn6 时态和语态例1 介词to和不定式符号的混淆Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. （误） Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. （正） All these contributed to solve the serious problem. （误） All these cont

19、ributed to the solution to the serious problem. （正） 7 动词例2 情态动词的误用It may not good to our health. （误） It may be not good to our health. （正） They should spent much time. （误） They should spend much time. （正） 7 动词例1现在分词形式与过去分词形式混淆。如：The victory was no more convinced than I had expectedConvinced convinci

20、ng 令人信服的，表示主语特征The teacher went into the classroom, following by some studentsFollowing followed8 非谓语动词分词和不定式的不同含义：现在分词：主动或进行（或完成）；过去分词：被动或完成；不定式：将要发生或目的Succeeding in passing the examination, she is extremely happy. 因为（已发生）To succeed in passing the examination, she needs to work much harder.为了（目的）8

21、非谓语动词 1. The small college generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permit individualized attention to students. permitting。小院校提供的课程专业较少，但师生比例较高，因此能够允许特殊的个体指导和关注。例句2. Even the quiet of our carefully protected wilderness areas

22、can be invaded at any moment by a passed jet. Passed passing例句3. The boy s delighting look tells us that he passed the examDelighting delighted 高兴的、兴奋的，表示主语状态例句例2不定式与动名词相互混淆。如：To lie is viceTo lie Lying 此处指抽象的概念性动作Lying about it will only make matters worseLyingTo lie 此处指具体的一次性动作8 非谓语动词例3 非谓语动作发生时间与

23、谓语动作发生时间的方面出现错误。I remember locking the door when I left home this morningLocking having locked非谓语动作发生时间早于主语动作发生时间。8 非谓语动词例4 特殊非谓语动词结构方面出现错误。You have to practice to speak English as much as possible now since you are going to England next yearto speakspeakingpractise后的宾语要用-ing形式。）8 非谓语动词例5 非谓语动词不单独作谓

24、语。At the beginning of 19th century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, (and) working conditions being poor and dangerous. were8 非谓语动词例7 分词（包括带连词的分词）短语作状语时，逻辑主语须与主句主语一致。Sports activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footbal

25、ler is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. Viewed8 非谓语动词虚拟语气分为两种：be型和were型。例1 Be型(should)+ do(动词原形）：用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语（见下页）之后的that-分句中。What do you think of the doctors recommendation that our friends stayed a few more days in hospital?stay/should stay9 虚拟语气例3 有些词有多个意义，当不表示建议、命令时，就不能用虚拟语气，

26、如：Some evidence suggests that REM sleep be a time when the brain adapts to life experience.Be is （一些证据表明，REM sleep可能是大脑适应生活经验的时间。）9 虚拟语气例5 条件句中还有一种特殊的混合虚拟语气。这种情况的谓语动词形式要根据具体时间来确定。If writing had never been invented(过去), we would have no books(现在).If he had failed his exam last year, he would have bee

27、n taking it again in June. would be taking9 虚拟语气例6 Were-虚拟语气还可用其他形式表示,如without, but for, otherwise, or等。Without/but for your help, I would never make such great success. would never have madeThanks to the man timely saving, or the little boy would be drowned in the river. would have been drowned9 虚拟

28、语气例8 在it is (high) time (that)从句中，也用were-型虚拟语气，如：It is high time that measures should be taken to decrease the birth rate in this country.were taken/had been taken特殊虚拟语气like: 象一样；（unlike）as: 介词（作为） 副词（如此） 关系代词 连词（因为；随着；虽然；正如）as有很多固定搭配，用法极为复杂，见下页10 As/Like的用法As if/though好像As/so long as只要Such as诸如；之类的

29、As apposed to 与相反As for/to至于；关于So as (not) to以便/以免；以致Not so much as连都不；与其不如as above如上；同上As against与相比As of/from自从As 固定搭配As much as多达；到程度As well (as)也/又As well as not反正都行/一样As it is/as they are事实上；实际上As it were仿佛，好像，可以说as yet 到现在/那时为止As as any不亚于As as ever永远；至今；自古；空前As as can be极其；到了的程度He is as brill

30、iant a politician as ever lived.他是至今最卓越的政治家。在限定性定语从句中，As 常和先行词前的such, so, as, the same搭配；which则无此限制。 引导非限定定语从句时先行词是整个句子，as常在句首或句中，而which常在句末。As引导的定语从句与主句应是顺接关系；which无此限制。As在定语从句中常作宾语，which常作主语。As作主语时，仅限于“主-动-补”结构和被动句型，如：As is often the case; as is known to allas has been pointed out; as may be imagi

31、ned; etcAs Vs.Which 11 定语从句的关系词用that的情况不定代词something, anybody, nothing, none, little, few, much, all作先行词时；She is everything that a wife should be.最高级、序数词、不定限定词（all, some, none, few等）或any, only, first, last等修饰先行词时；先行项不止一个，且分别表示人和物时；当关系词在定语从句中充当补语时；当定语从句是there be句型时；关系词That和which/who的区别用which（物）或who（人

32、）的情况介词提前，作介词宾语时；非限定定语从句；先行项是that时；当先行项与定语从句被其他成分隔开时当先行项为时间/地点时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用which或that，而不用when/who(m)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.which 此处where应改为which，因为它在定语从句中作主语。 先行项为时间或地点时有些句子中，名词后面本来该用定语从句的，却漏掉了关系词，直接接了动词。另一类常见的错误是，关系代词指代的成分在从句中以代词的形式重复出现，画蛇添足。缺少关系词或多余代词The children atte

33、nded a small elementary school (often of just one room) to that they had to walk everyday, possibly for a few miles.To that to whichPractice主谓一致时态一致指代一致意义一致修辞一致12 前后照应主语和谓语在要在人称和数等方面能保持一致。此类错误形式主要有以下几种：A主语因形式特殊或因由一个或几个复杂成分修饰往往导致主谓一致错误。如：Acoustics are taught in some collegesAreis以-s或-es 结尾的用以表示学科、疾病、

34、游戏等的名词作主语时，其谓语动词应用单数形式a. 主谓一致Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，especially one containing so many diversified subcultures（次文化） as the US，area complex，bewildering task to usAreis 主语是一个动名词短语，尽管其后有较长的修饰成分，然而其谓语仍需用单数形式B定语从句谓语动词与先行词主谓不一致I，who is your friend，will do my best to help youis

35、am关系代词作定语从句主语时，谓语动词要与先行词一致Tom is the only one of the pupils who are willing to take make-up examinationsAreis在the only one of+复数名词或代词+定语从句的结构中，谓语动词应用单数形式。C某些短语或结构后所跟谓语动词必须用单数或复数形式。Six times two are twelveAre is 加、减、乘、除运算谓语动词用单数The police is looking for the escaped criminalIsare 主语为people， police，fol

36、k，cattle等集合名词时，谓语动词通常用复数形式Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Is are 我的照片和奖牌(意义一致原则)There are a TV and two computers in the room.There are there is （就近原则）It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. drive and连接两个并列动作meet和drive。They offere

37、d me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing. had整篇文章记述过去的事情，用过去时。b. 时态一致 My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school football team.am 文章描述现在的情况，用一般现在时。not only makes usbut also give us a sense of fair playgives “not only”连接两个相等的成份，用第三人称单数。I am happy with any program but the others spent a lot of time arguingwas 此句描述的是