情态动词(完整整理版)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业情态动词 1. 情态动词的推测表达 2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气 3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法 一、知识重点与难点总结 知识重点： 情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用： （一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定”，may / might / can / could表示“可能”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / mig

2、ht not表示 “可能不”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能吗?”，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。（二）对现在的事实进行推测： 主要结构：must / may / might +动词原形 be+名词/形容词/介词短语 be + doing 例句： 1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already

3、at this time of the night. 3. The teacher must be joking. 4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick. 5. There must be something wrong. 6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense. 7. He may be arriving this evening. 8. He may be traveling around the world. 9. The keys cant be in

4、the room. I have just searched it very carefully. 10. Can the news be true?（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语 例句： 1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth. 2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad. 3. I think I must have left my glasses in the librar

5、y. 4. He might have overslept again. 5. Where can Tom have gone ? 情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来”，“不然早就”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构： should have done / ought to have done：本应该 shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不该 could have done：本来可以 neednt

6、 have done：本来没必要 would like to have done：本来很想 would rather not have done: 本来不愿意 could / might / have done: 不然早就 例句： 1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes. 2. You could have told us earlier. 3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week. 4. You ought not to have spent so much time in rea

7、ding novels. 5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train. 6. They would like to have seen that film last film. 7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him. 8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点： 某些情态动词的特殊用法： need 和dare 的两种形式的用法 n

8、eed 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词neednt（没有必要，不必）相当于dont have to 例句： 1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes. 2. Need I stay here with you for a while? Thank you, you neednt. 3. How dare you speak to parents like that?

9、 注意： 句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定 = Im sure或There is no doubt that+从句。 例句： I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die. will和would 表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做 例句： 1. He said that he would help us. 2. You may telephone if you will accept this job. would可以表达“过去习惯做”类似于“used to do”例句： 1. When we were

10、 children, we would go swimming every summer in that river. 表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do? / Would you like to do? 例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ? shall 1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐” 例句： 1. Shall we start the meeting now? 2. Shall I watch TV now? 3. Shall my son

11、carry the case for you? 2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺” 例句： 1. You shall take whatever you like. 2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again. 在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：“可能吗?”；“不可能”。而不能使用mustnt或must等词。【典型例题】 1. Do you think he will do me a favor ? As far

12、 as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _ be prepared to give you a hand, though. A. might B. must C. can D. should 分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案为A 2. Look, someone is coming. Guess who it _ be ? I think it _ be Tom. I dont t

13、hink it _ be _ . A. can ; must ; can ; he B. may ; can ; must ; him C. must ; can ; must ; his D. might ; must ; can ; himself 分析：根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.（说话人十分肯定）。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I dont think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案为A 3. Do you kn

14、ow Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ? Sure. She _ around the campus now. A. must be walking B. must walk C. may walk D. may be walking 分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A 4. I stayed at a hotel in New York. Oh, did you ? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed

15、B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed 分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本来可以。答案为A 5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow. A. neednt have driven B. cant have driven C. mustnt have d

16、riven D. shouldnt have driven 分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Neednt have done表示本来没必要。答案为A 6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了

17、本句的意思。答案为B 7. A：Are you coming to Jeffs party ? B：Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 分析：根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测：可能。答案为D 8. A：I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday. B：Will it be a big surprise to her ? A. should B. must C. would

18、D. shall 分析：A说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。答案为D【模拟试题】 1. A：Is John coming by train ? B：He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 2. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived

19、 D. should be arriving 3. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 4. You _ be tiredYouve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 5. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. You _ m

20、ine. I wasnt using it. A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow 6. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages. A. mustnt be B. couldnt have been C. may not have been D. mustnt have been【试题答案】 1. 分析：根据B的回答“

21、他应该（坐火车来），但是也不一定，他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。答案为D 2. 分析：根据句意：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30）没有到场。Should have done表示：本应该。答案为A 3. 分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测：可能已经答案为A 4. 分析：根据后半句Youve only been working for an hour.（你才刚干了一个小时）说明 You _ be tired（你不可能很累），cant 表示“不可能

22、”答案为C 5. 分析：听到对方说“昨天车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去 上班。” 本来可以/能：could have done. 答案为B 6. 分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对 话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：could not have done 答案为：B二、“情态动词+完成式”1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last we

23、ek. A ought to tell B would have toldC must tell D should have toldOh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered f

24、ree. A. could B. would C. must D. need3. “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shoul

25、dnt have done三、常见的情态动词1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shallExcuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my c

26、omputer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ A. Must B. Can

27、C. May D. NeedTom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not3. neednt表示“没有必要”。 Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。When he was there, he _ go to

28、 that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况Write to me when you get hom

29、e. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can Could I call you by your first name？Yes, you _. A. will B. could C. may D. might巩固练习：1. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out

30、B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out3. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived4. Sir, you _be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children o

31、nly.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will6. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may7. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D