2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习层级化晋级写作层级二词靓句高赢高分四吸引眼球的定语从句讲义

1、2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习层级化晋级写作层级二词靓句高赢高分 四吸引眼球的定语从句讲义定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。一、定语从句的类型关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interestedin playingtab

2、le tenn is.（xx全国卷川书面表达 ）第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。What I want to stress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13thNational Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.（xx天津高考书面表达）我想强调的是我已成为八月底将在天津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者。As the old saying goes, “ Practice makes perfect. ”常言道：“熟能生巧。”关系副词引导

3、的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指whe n, where, why 引导的定语从句。Weare to meet on Sun day morni ng in the People s Park, where the air is freshand the scenery is beautiful.我们将于星期天上午在人民公园见面，那里空气新鲜，风景美丽。I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure ofstudy.（xx 安徽高考满分作文）我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。“介词+ w

4、hich/whom引导的定语从句Material collecti ng took us a whole week,duri ng whichwe in terviewed ourteacher s and took pictures of every aspect of school life.（xx北京高考书面表达）搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。即时演练用适当的关系词填空（xx 浙江高考应用文写作）Our scienee teacher will serve as our guide, who isexpected to tell us

5、someth ing in terest ing about the Tia ntai Shan.（xx 天津高考单选 ）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better. （xx 福建高考满分作文）Only those who spare no effort to confront problemscan achieve what they long for.During holiday seas on s, I will live in the coun tryside

6、, where air is freshand people are frien dly.English is a Ianguage shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differe ntly.二、定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：第三步J把另一个简箪句改成立语从句.要特别注鳶 关索词的选掙.第二步在一个的厚句中找出一处要修怖的词汇，这 个诃在两个简单句中都要仃示例第一步：写出两个简单句。The foreig ner is from Can ada.H

7、e visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the foreig ner 。第三步：用句充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。The foreig ner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Can ada.即时演练用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.t This

8、_is_the_best_method_that_ca n_be_used_aga in st_polluti on.I ve always Ionged for the days. I will be able to be independent then.t i ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_l_willbe_able_to_be_independent.I will go on a trip to Sichuan. There are a great number of places of interest in Sichua n.ti will

9、go on a trip to Sichuan, where there are a great number of places of in terest.I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.t l_have_a_frie nd_whose_Through the course of myschooli ng, I met man yteachers. Two of them in flue need me greatly.t Through_the_course_of_my_schooli ng,_l_met_ma ny_teachers,

10、_two_of_who mnfluen ced_me_greatly.三、定语从句的常用句型 TOC o 1-5 h z As we all know ./As is known to all .众所周知”As we all kno w/As is known to all,the moon travels round the earth once everymon th.众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。 As sb. puts it .按照某人所说的”As he often puts it,university education determines one s future.按照他常说的

11、，大学教育决定一个人的命运。 such . as . 像这样的；诸如此类的”We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。 the same . as ./the same as .像一样的”Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as she had always been. 她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。 one of the+复数名词+定语从句中的一个”As far as I know, your si

12、ster isone of the stude nts who have passed the exam.据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。 the only one of the+复数名词+定语从句中唯一的一个”Mr. Gree n was the only one of the workers thatwas in vited to Beiji ng.格林先生是这些工人中唯一一个被邀请去北京的人。即时演练补全句子（xx 福建高考满分作文）我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。As we all know, the picture tells a story of ancie

13、nt China.那些对世界做出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatlyrespected.长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。The Great Wall is oneof the world-famous _buildings_that_attract lots ofvisitors.四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况1 误用关系词误：I live in Beiji ng, 正：I live in Beijing,误：I have a friend,

14、正: I have a friend,2 句子成分残缺whose n ame is Liu Mei.where is the capital of Ch ina. which is the capital of China, who s n ame is Liu Mei.误： There were many students took part in the English petition.正: There were many studentswho took part in the English petition.误： The last one leaves the classroom

15、please close the windows.正: The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows.有多余的代词或副词误： As can be seen from the picture,that a sad boy stands between his angrypare nts.正: As can be seen from the picture, a sad boy stands between his angry parents.误：Last week, I returned to the village

16、 where I grew up there in my childhood. 正: Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.混淆定语从句与并列句误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm topeople s health.正: In fact, smoking is a bad habit,which/and itdoes great harm to peoples health.误： His pare nts told him

17、many times not to play beside the river, it did nt help.正: His parentstold him many times not to play beside the river, which/but itdidn t help.即时演练单句改错There are three people in my family and I m the only one child, who is verymon in Ch in ese families.wh尸 whichTravelling abroad, you should follow t

18、he customs of the country where youare visit ing.去掉 where 或 wherewhich/thatRemember, you can take the con test inChina Daily n ewspaper, that is verypopular among high school students.that whichDon t read in the sun.不要在阳光下看书。I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitarsto

19、re. that whichWhen you read the book, you d better make a mark that you have a questio n.t hat whereOn the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.themi which The couple will fly to France for theirhoneymoon on their first stop, whichthey plan to stay for three days.wh

20、ich where 或在 which 前力口 inI gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldn t work out. which tas2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第一步过词汇关第一讲词汇如何写对讲义编写说明创设4步增分方案：过词汇关t过句子关t过段落关t过篇章关，每关又按“先写对t再写美”两层级设置课时。由词组句、连句成段、由段成篇，循序渐进，步步 为营步步赢；先写对，再写美，符合一般考生的学习实际， 保住基本分，才能得高分。第一步过词汇关第一讲词汇如何写对词汇是语言的建筑材料，我们说话、写文

21、章都离不开词汇。只有准确选词，文章才能优美。所以，要想写好文章，首先应从词汇着手。一、准确选词的两个原则规范所谓规范是指所选的词语应是合乎习惯的、现代的、通用的。语言是交流的工具， 我们只有选用那些合乎习惯的、现代的、通用的词语，人们才会觉得顺耳，否则就会显得生硬、难懂。如：We rise early every day.我们每天很早起床。这里的 rise虽也有“起床”的含义，但很正式，生活中不常用。不如改为get up更为通俗易懂。又如，汉语中表示“看书” “看电视”“看黑板”等都用到一个“看”字，因为这个字在汉语中通用。如果英语中我们都用read或see或watch或look at等来表达

22、这些“看”， 则不符合英语的表达习惯， 因此就是错误的。例如：Let s go to see the movies. 我们去看电影吧。Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。How many children likewatching TV?有多少孩子喜欢看电视？贴切所谓贴切是指词义所表示的内容能准确表达思想，这就要求写作者应透彻地掌握每个词语的确切含义。在学习英语时，我们尤其要注意那些同义词和多义词，使用不当就会出错。 例如：他长得很高。”英语是 He is very tall. 如果将tall误译为high则会使人理解 为“他离地面很高”。当然这里只列举了

23、词义间的差别。在行文中用词贴切，还应注意语境和通篇的语体，使每个词在上下文中都自然和谐。二、用词不当常见的九种错误1词性混用例1误She enjoys study En glish.正She enjoys En glish study.She enjoys study ing En glish.例2误Can you un dersta nd my speak?正Can you un dersta nd my speak in g/words?Can you understand me ?例3误When you through the valley, you may see a big pine

24、 tree.正Whenyou go through the valley, you may see a big pine tree.2.代词指代不明例误She told my sister that she had passed the exam.正She told my sister that my sister had passed the exam.She had passed the exam and told this to my sister.3介词误用例1误In my surprise, he got the first prize.正To my surprise, he got

25、 the first prize.例2误He came here to atte nd the meet ing incar.正He came here to atte nd the meet ing bycar.例3误He was hurt on his right foot.正He was hurt in his right foot.4 冠词误用例1误!We elected Li Hua the mon itor of our class.正We elected Li Hua mon itor of our class.例2误!Once upon a time, there was an

26、 one-eyed king.正Once upon a time, there was a one-eyed king.5.动词误用例1误!I forgot my keys in the car.正I left my keys in the car.例2误It s going to rain. Bring a rain coat withLyou.正It s going to rain. Take a rain coat with you.6 误把不可数名词用作可数名词例1误Workers have many in terests in the new mach ine.正Workers ha

27、ve much in terest i n the new mach ine.例误It is such a nice weather.2正It is such nice weather.7.误把可数名词用作不可数名词例1误There is always traffic jam.正There is always a trafficjam.例2误Let s go out for walk.正Let s go out for a walk.&数词用法错误例1误There are several hun dreds people in thehall.正There are several hun dr

28、ed people in thehall.例2误Thousa nd of stude nts are pla nti ng trees inthe hill.正Thousands of students are plantingtrees inthe hill.例3误More than five hundreds of taxi drivers are on strike.正More tha n five hun dred taxi drivers are on strike.9习惯用法错误例1误The actor in this movie is very beautiful.正The ac

29、tor in this movie is very han dsome.例2误I and my pare nts are work ing in the field.正My pare nts and I are work ing in the field.例3误The reason is because he does not know what to don ext.正The reas on is that he does not know what to don ext.三、用词的四大注意事项1 避免用汉语思维生造中国式英语中英词汇意义差别许多学生由于不知道或不熟悉或一时想不起书面表达中所

30、需要的词汇，便用他们自己所熟悉的英语单词，借助汉语思维生造出令人啼笑皆非、五花八门、中国式的英语。例如：将今天早上” (this morning) 说成是 today morning ;将 一天早上” (one morning) 说成 one day morning ;将跳水” (di ve)说成 jump water ；将学费” (fee)说成 study money。选词的误区当学生们要表达“我的家乡发生了巨大的变化”时，大部分学生写成：My hometown has a large change.My hometown has a great change.很显然，以上例句中的 larg

31、e 和 great 是受汉语思维影响而产生的错误，应该改为：My hometown has changed a lot.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.有些学生将“我的家乡变得更加美丽”写成：My hometown has changed more beautiful.殊不知 change 一词并非系动词，其后不能跟表语，应改为：My hometown has bee/turned more beautiful.2避免不理解而盲目选词 由于对英语词汇理解不透，往往造成词汇上的用法错误，主要表现为：画蛇添足运动会上，当他飞速冲刺时，我们

32、都为他加油。At the sports meet, we cheered him on when he dashed quickly.本句中动词 dash 本身就是“急奔；猛冲” (to go somewhere very quickly and/or suddenly) 的意思，再加上 quickly ，显然是累赘多余的。词性使用混乱做兼职工作总是影响学习。Doing a part-time job always effects study.本句中 effect 和另一个词 affect 都有“影响”的意思，但前者是名词，后者是动词。 该句应使用动词 affect 作谓语。 在英语中， 由于

33、词性不同， 单词所起的语法功能也就不同。 学生在英文写作时往往把名词和动词等混为一谈。动态、状态不分我们结婚两年了。We married for two years.本句中 marry 是一个非延续性的动词， 此处表示动作， 不能与一段时间连用。 我们可以 说：We have been married for two years.3英文有而汉语没有的变化英语动词时态的曲折变化在汉语里没有相应的形式。他爸爸想去美国，可是没成功。误 His father wanted to go to America but fail.正 His father wanted to go to America but failed.英语名词复数的曲折变化在汉语里没有相应的形式。老师给了我许多有益的劝告。误 The teacher gave me many good advices.正 The teacher gave me many pieces of good advice.代词的曲折变化最常见的错误是该用宾格的地方用主格。 中国学生常常忽略 he 与 him, she 与 her 的区 别，因为汉语里没有这种区别。如：这件事是我做的。误 It is me tha