2022年中考英语形容词副词专项讲解

1、一形容词（一）熟悉形容词（后缀）1.-ful, careful, helpful,useful 2.-less, careless,homeless,helpless,useless 3.-able,-ible, comfortable, probable,enjoyable,possible,impossible 4.-al, international, national, traditional 5.-ive, expensive, active 6.-ous, famous, dangerous 7.-ly, friendly,lovely, weekly,monthly （二）以 -

2、ly 结尾的形容词1.与人有关,像 .样的,如 friendly, motherly, manly ,childly,womanly 2.与日期有关,每 .的,如 monthy,yearly,weekly, 3.与抽象名词结合,布满 .的 如 lonely,lively 活泼的 ,lovely 可爱的（三）形容词的用法一）概念：形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特点,通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和表达形容词两类, 其位置不肯定都放在名词前面；1. 直接说明事物的性质或特点的形容词是性质形容词；【难点】2. 表达形容词只能作表语 ,不能做定语修饰名词,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以

3、a 开头的形容词都属于这一类；例如：afraid, asleep, awake,alone等；二）形容词的种类1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如：The play was boring . 那出戏很枯燥乏味；You have an honest face. 你有一张诚恳的脸；2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如：She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套；3. -ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如：interesting 4. ed 形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,interested；She lo

4、oked tired . 不排除：一般有被动意义, 多数为品质形容词, 如：The man is interesting.这个人很好玩； The man is interested in story. He is frightened.他很可怕；He is frightening.他很吓人；An excited look 心情兴奋的表情 an exciting look 令人兴奋的表情5. 合成形容词：warm-hearted 热心的,heart-breaking 令人心碎的 hard-working 练习： 1. Dracula and Frankenstein areC film char

5、acters. A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightenly 2.He is _ in _ books. B A.interesting,interested B.interested,interesting 三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作：1）定语： What a fine day. 2）表语： She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语） ： Do you think it necessary. 你认为这有必要吗？4）状语： He arrived home, hungry and

6、tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里；2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词；1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后次序问题；一般规章为：（限定词 a/an/the）一般描画性形容词 表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词 颜色的形容词 表示国籍、 地区、出处的形容词 表示物质、 材料的形容词（名词）；a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden reading room. 以这个例子编一句顺口溜：美小圆旧黄,法木阅览室；如： There

7、 is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 练习：村子邻近有一座闻名的美丽的古代石桥；Mr Smith bought a purse for his wife. B A. small black new leather C. leather small black new 【重点】B. small new black leather D. black small new leather2）当形容词词组 相当于一个定语从句时, 或形容词用来修饰 somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便

8、会显现后置形容词；如：The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶爱好的那个男孩是我弟弟；Do you have anything interesting to tell us. 你有什么趣闻告知我们吗？二副词（一）熟悉副词（后缀）1.-ly, carefully ,helpfully,happily （二）以 -ly 结尾的副词类似 hardadv&adj,hardlyadv 两者意义不同的词组仍有意思区分很大的： late 迟到 ,lately 最近 ;pretty=very 特别； prettily 美丽地；You have come t

9、oo late. 你来得太晚了；Have you see him lately. 你最近见到过他吗？Latest news The exam was pretty difficult. 这次考试相当难；The little girl is always prettily dressed. 这个小女孩穿着总是穿得漂美丽亮的；意思区分相近的, 分别表示详细跟抽象的意思：close（详细距离上的） 接近地、紧挨地 ,closely（抽象）亲热地； high 详细高度 高地, highly （抽象）高度地,称赞地； deep（空间的,详细）深度,deeply （抽象,感情上的）深深地；They sat

10、 close together wide 详细距离很宽 ,widely 广泛地Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad. Mather The kites fly high in the sky. His teachers think very highly of him.He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 老师们很观赏他；）老师对他评判很高 . 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里；Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着；The

11、door was wide open. 门被开得大大的；We were widely different on many questions.我们在很多问题上分歧很大；Eg: 1.Dr Kelly walked _ to the window to watch _ the short man shopping on the street. A.close;closely B. closely;close C.close;close D.closely;closely 22.He sits _ to his father, but he is _to mother ,he loves his m

12、other more. A.close;closely B. closely;close C.close;close D.closely;closely 3.The space ship flew _ in the space, and all the people around the world speak _ of our country. A.highly;highly B. high;high 的词叫做副词；例如：not（不）,here（这里）,C.high;highly D.highly;high （三）副词的用法一）概念：用以 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词now（现在）；不少副词同

13、时也可用作介词或其它词类；如：Have you read this book before. 副词,作时间状语 你以前读过这本书吗？He will arrive before ten o（介词, before ten oclock 是介词短语,作时间状语）他将在 10 点钟前到达；二）副词的种类1、时间副词有三类： always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词1）表示发生时间的副词：It s beginning to rain now. 现在开头下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词,

14、也称频度副词 always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly 等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词 : She often changes her mind. 她常转变想法；3）仍有一些其他表示时间的副词：He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术；2、地点副词：1）有不少表示地点的副词：She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学；2）仍有一些部分与介词同形的副词；它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否就是副词：用作介词： Stand up . 起立！A cat climb

15、ed up the tree. 猫爬上了树；用作副词：3）以 where 构成的副词也是地点副词：It s the same everywhere. 处处都一样；【重点】3、方式副词 1）英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式（回答 how 的问题）：How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美；2）仍有相当多的副词,表示某些心情：She smiled gratefully . 她感谢的笑了笑；3）仍有一些以 -ly 结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市；【重点】4、程度副词和强调副词1）

16、程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度 ”：Is she badly hurt. 她伤得重吗？说明 这类副词除修饰动词外,仍可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词 b: a. fairly simple 相当简洁 quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了【重点】do it very quickly 干得很快2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以：a. 修饰形容词等：3I m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好；b. 修饰比较级：You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了；Their house i

17、s much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了；【重点】5. 疑问副词和连接副词1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：how: How is your grandmother. 你奶奶身体好吗？where: Where does she come from. 她是哪儿人？when: When can you come. 你什么时候能来？why: Why was he so late. 他为什么来得这么晚？2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how: Do you know how to start this machine.

18、 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？where: I don t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿；（引导宾语从句）when: Tell me when youll be ready. 告知我你什么时候预备好；（引导宾语从句）why: That why I came round. 这就是我来的缘由；（引导表语从句）6. 一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词：Let s go inside. 咱们到里面去；Take two steps forward . 向前走两步；三）副词的位置1. 副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末；如：Usually I do my home

19、work in the evening. 句首 通常我晚上做家庭作业；I often get up at six. 句中 我常在 6 点起床；Please speak slowly . 句末 请渐渐说；2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的 前面如：These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前）这些花相当美丽；He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力；但也有例外, 如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后） 她已到了上学的年龄；3. 按一般规章 , 既有地点状语又有时间状语

20、时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前；如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视；我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会； 说明 形容词一般修饰名词,副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词；一些形容词后加上-ly可以变成副词,如三形容词变副词slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully 等；4形容词变副词规律小结规章变化范畴变化规章例词大部分形容词加 ly careless-carelessly quiet-quiet

21、ly/different-differently 以 le 结尾的形容词变 le 为 ly possible-possibly terrible-terribly comfortable-comfortably 以 y 结尾的形容词变 y 为 ily gentle-gently、simple-simply easy-easily 、angry-angrily noisy-noisily、happy-happily heavy-heavily、healthy-healthily 不规章变化本身既是形容词也是副词,无需转变fast-fast 、early-early high-high 、 har

22、d-hard late-late 、far-far wide-wide 、alone-alone 形容词和副词为完全不同的单词e 的单词good-well 中学阶段唯独一个需要去掉字母true-truly 虽然以 ly 结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰Friendly/ively/lovely/lonely 动词ly 的副词形Likely 很有可能的 /monthly 有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加wide 形容词,宽敞的,睁大式；但加不加ly 意思不一样,使用时需留意的-wide 副词,睁大地 /widely 副词,广泛地 ,late 形容词,晚的-late 副词,晚地 ,latel

23、y （最近）high 形容词,高的 -high 副词,高地 /highly 副词,高度地 特殊简洁犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardly, hard hard hard 副词简洁写成hardly 意思为 “几乎不 ”,与 hard 无任何关系friendly 无不能用 friendly 直接修饰动词,只能改成 in a f riendly way“用一种友5好的方式 ”；如：He smiled at me in a friendly way. excited excitedly 简洁拼错healthy healthily 简洁拼错polite politely 不用去掉字母e；类似的词仍有： w

24、idely, nicely, closely, 四基础练习题（一）用所给词的正确形式填空 A 1. The Greens are _ happy to live in this to move to another place._noise street. They have decided 2. The panda has been _ die for about two months. _ friend 3. I like her dress. It looks very _ beauty. 4. Don t feel _ worry about your child. The whole

25、 class would be to the new classmate. 5. The _ finally exams usually take place at the end of June. 6. Its _ possible for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. s a _ please trip for all of us. 7. It8. The children in China are living a _ color life. 9. It was an _ amaze match. It amazed us. 10.He fe

26、lt very _ sleep and fell _ sleep soon when he lay in bed. _ enjoy time at the party. 11.We all had a very B 1.I dont like him and it would be _ of me to do the opposite. honest 2.Our holidays in Thailand were really _ and unforgettable. enjoy 3.The government is doing everything possible to help tho

27、se _ people after the earthquake. home 4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard _. clear 5.The war made millions of people _. home 6.What is the most _ animal in the forest. power 7.It is _ to travel by train than by air. cheap 8.It is _ for him to finish the job in two ho

28、urs. He is so slow. possible 9._, over 28,000 civilians 平民 lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. sad 10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining _ outside. heavy 11.Jack is such a _ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. forget 12.It is not _ to eat food wi

29、th Sudan I 苏丹红 1 号. safely 13.Lily is _ enough to get the prize in the 2022 Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. luck 14.Wed better drive our cars _ on rainy days. slow15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something _ at once. usual 6（二）挑选正确答案

30、 1. These oranges taste_. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 2. I cant pay _ as he asked for. A. a as high priceB.as a high priceC.as high priceD.as high a price3. We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us . I have to do many things this evening . Im _ , you see .A. free

31、B. glad C. sorry D. busy 4. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Let s give him _ to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something 5.The _ person is talking with the doctor. A. ill 坏的可作定语、病的不行做 B. sick C. illness D. sickness 5.We shouldn t

32、buy the _ bananas ,because eating them can make us feel _. A. ill,sick B. sick ,ill C. ill,ill D. ill,illness 6. The day is bright and _ . Letgo for a walk . A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy 7. Look . _ beautiful that lake is . A. What B. How C. How a D. What a 8. -I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow. - I wont, _. （ A. neither B. either C. too D. also 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _. A. too B. either C. neither D. also 10.That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out.