2023版高三英语主题语境复习方案新教案：第2部分 主题群3 子主题2　对社会有突出贡献的人物

1、 子主题(二)对社会有突出贡献的人物阅读理解A(2018浙江卷A)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steampowered printing press

2、 was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the wor

3、ld mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing h

4、im from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60，000 novels

5、 were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progre

6、ss. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture

7、 to understand how he made himself a lasting one.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。1Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?AThey were difficult to understand.BThey were popular among the rich.CThey were seen as nearly worthless.DThey were written

8、mostly by women.C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。2Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress _Ahis reputation in FranceBhis interest in modern artChis success

9、in publicationDhis importance in literatureD推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售蒙娜丽莎的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。3What is the authors purpose in writing the tex

10、t?ATo remember a great writer.BTo introduce an English novel.CTo encourage studies on culture.DTo promote values of the Victorian age.A写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯狄更斯这位伟大的作家。B(2016全国卷A)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have he

11、ard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of

12、community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Sil

13、ent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because

14、 she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would no

15、t give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱

16、。4What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.A细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.”(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)可知，在历史上，Jane Addams因她的社会工作而出名

17、，与A项相符。5What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.C细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句“When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at St

18、anford Law School .”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项。6Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor.DRosa Parks.D细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的“. it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, an

19、d kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项。7What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey are highly educated.BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers.DThey are peacelovers.C推理判断题。通读全文可知这四位女性都是各自领域的先驱者，都在各自领域作出了巨大的贡献，故选C项。完形填空(2017浙江卷)Alia Bak

20、er is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a 1 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They 2 various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was 3 that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more 4 to her than mountains of gold. The books are

21、in every language new books, ancient books, 5 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.She had asked the government for 6 to move the books to a 7 place, but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands. 8 ， she brought books home every night, 9 her car late after work.

22、 Her friends came to 10 her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant 11 to hide some books. All through the 12 ， Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, 13 them over the sevenfoot wall and 14 them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 15 .

23、Then nine days later, a fire burned the 16 to the ground.One day, the bombing stopped and the 17 left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be 18 again while the city was 19 . So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the

24、suburbs (郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and 20 peace and a new library.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在战火中，艾丽娅贝克和身边的人勇敢地保护书籍的故事。1AmeetingBworkingCpersonalDreligiousA根据下文可知，爱书人士经常到艾丽娅的图书馆看书、分享知识，对于这些人来说，该图书馆是一个聚会处，故选meeting。2AraisedBhandledCreportedDdiscussedD结合语境可知，他们在这里讨论全世界各种各样的事情，故选discussed。3Aworr

25、iedBangryCdoubtfulDcuriousA根据上文提到的战争即将来临，以及下文提到的艾丽娅和身边的人保护图书馆书籍的内容可知，此处指艾丽娅很担心书籍在战火中被毁掉，故选worried。4ApracticalBpreciousCreliableDexpensiveB根据语境及下文的“mountains of gold”可知，艾丽娅认为这些书比金山还要珍贵，故选precious。5AthenBstillCevenDratherC空处上下文在语义上表示递进，指甚至(even)还有700年前的有关伊拉克历史的书籍。6ApermissionBconfirmationCexplanationD

26、informationA根据语境可知，她希望得到政府的允许(permission)把书搬到安全的(safe)地方，但他们拒绝了。ask sb.for permission表示“请求某人的许可”，符合语境。7AlargeBpublicCdistantDsafeD参见上题解析。8AFortunatelyBSurprisinglyCSeriouslyDSecretlyD根据语境可知，每晚很晚下班后，艾丽娅偷偷地把书带回家。secretly“秘密地，偷偷地”，符合语境。9AstartingBparkingCfillingDtestingC根据上下文语境及空后的“her car”可知，艾丽娅把书装到她的

27、汽车里运回家。10AstopBhelpCwarnDrescueB根据下文的内容可知，战争爆发后，她的朋友们也赶来帮助(help)她。11AintendedBpretendedChappenedDagreedD根据下文可知，安尼斯同意把一些书藏在自己的餐馆里，agree to do . 表示“同意做”。12AwarBnightCbuildingDwayB根据语境可知，他们整晚都在从图书馆里搬书，这也照应了上文中的“every night”。13AputBopenedCpassedDthrewC根据上下文可知，他们要把书递过(passed)7英尺的高墙，并把它们藏在(hid)餐馆里。14AhidB

28、exchangedCburntDdistributedA参见上题解析。15AapproachedBeruptedCcontinuedDendedC根据语境及上文中的“the war broke out”可知，战争还在继续(continued)。16ArestaurantBlibraryCcityDwallB根据语境及下文中的“a new library”可知，图书馆被全部焚毁了，故选library。17AneighboursBsoldiersCfriendsDcustomersB一天，轰炸停止了，士兵们也离开了，所以选soldiers。18AsoldBreadCsavedDmovedD根据下文

29、可知，艾丽娅知道，尽管城市是安静的(quiet)，如果要想这些书安全，他们必须把这些书再转移(moved)出去。19AoccupiedBbombedCquietDbusyC参见上题解析。20Adreamed ofBbelieved inCcared aboutDlooked forA根据语境可知，艾丽娅等待着战争的结束，梦想着(拥有)和平和一个新图书馆。语法填空(2019全国卷)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1._(be) Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 4

30、0 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2._ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3._(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievemen

31、t” award, proud Irene 4._(declare) she had no plans 5._(retire) from her 36yearold business. Irene said, “I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6._(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7._ because I want to.”Granddaughter

32、Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 8._(say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was 9._ joke. But then we got an official letter and

33、 we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its 10._(wonder)”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。语篇以积极工作为切入点，宣扬劳动精神，引导学生培养劳动意识。1being考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。2which考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。3finally考查副词。副词修饰动词ackno

34、wledge。4declared考查时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。5to retire考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划” 。6have made考查时态。根据空格后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。7but考查连词。not.but.不是而是。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。8saying考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故填saying，现在分词短语saying.作后置定语，修饰a call。9a考查冠词。joke“笑话

35、，玩笑” ，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。10wonderful考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。wonder对应的形容词是wonderful。1professionally adv. 专业地2fiction n. 小说；虚构出来的事3mourn v. 哀痛；哀悼4readership n. 读者人数；读者群5touchstone n. 试金石6unchallenged adj. 不成问题的7distinguished adj.杰出的；卓越的8anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)9shelter n. 遮蔽物；栖身之地10deciding a

36、dj. 起决定作用的11boycott n. 联合抵制12background n. 背景13discrimination n. 歧视14religious adj. 宗教的15confirmation n. 证实；确认16distribute v. 分配；分发17customer n. 顾客18shortlisted adj.列入入围名单的1social adj. 社会的2energy n. 能量；活力3. movement n. 运动4practical adj. 实用的5precious adj. 珍贵的6achievement n. 成就7official adj. 官方的；正式的1m

37、oral adj. 道德的immoral adj. 非道德的2publish v. 出版publication n. 出版publisher n. 出版商3politics n. 政治political adj. 政治的4science n. 科学scientific adj. 科学的5pollute v. 污染pollution n. 污染6harm n. & v. 伤害harmful adj. 有害的7rely v. 信赖reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的8explain v. 解释explanation n. 解释9wonder n. 奇迹；惊奇wonderful adj. 极

38、好的；精彩的1for the most part 大部分；多半2be looked upon as 被看作3set off 引燃；引起4break out 爆发5burn . to the ground 把烧成平地即时演练单句语法填空1In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which is harmful(harm) to peoples health.2If you drop a lighted cigarette in the wood, you could set off a big fire.3His first book was published(pub

39、lish) last year and it turned out to be a bestseller.4He is not a reliable(rely) person, for he never carries out his promises.5Summers in the south of France are for the most part dry and sunny.6Many people in the village fell ill because of drinking the polluted(pollute) water. 7Even in his late y

40、ears of life, the old man is still doing scientific(science) research.8Several houses have been burned to the ground when the blaze is put out.9The high official was forced to resign because of his immoral(moral) conduct.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immora

41、l or just plain bad. 完全；简直2In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral to

42、uchstones. 骤增3Her simple act landed Parks in prison. 使陷入.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. 译文狄更斯的写作风格吸引了来自各行各业的读者，这在一定程度上来说是正确的；部分原因是他的著作掀

43、起了社会、政治和科学进步的浪潮。2But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.译文但是后来我们收到了一封公函，令我们大为惊讶。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and t

44、heir readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. 分析本句是一个复合句。when引导时间状语从句，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher是主句，who和whose分别引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词first professional writer and publisher。译文1870年狄更斯去世，全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位职业作家

45、和出版商，他声名远扬而且受人爱戴，他使小说的出版数量和读者人数急剧增加，他小说中的主人公从奥利弗 特维斯特到小蒂姆被视为道德的试金石。2But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.分析本句是一个复合句。要注意as引导的是时间状语从句，而主句中 and important for our own culture是插入语。译文但是在狄更斯200

46、周年诞辰之际，我们自己的文化有可能，也很重要去弄明白他永恒历史的原因。3When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more precious to her than mountains of gold. 分析本句是一个复合句。When the war was near是when引导的时间状语从句，that the fires of war would destroy the books是was worried的宾语从句，which are mo

47、re precious to her than mountains of gold是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the books。译文战争临近时，艾丽娅很担心战火会毁了这些书，对她来说，这些书比金山还要珍贵。4Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.分析本句是一个复合句。who works alongside her in the family busine

48、ss为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Granddaughter Gayle Parks，said后是省略that的宾语从句，who nominated Irene for the award作as to的宾语。译文31岁的孙女盖尔帕克斯与艾琳一起在自己家的宠物店里工作。她说，至于谁提名艾琳获奖，目前尚不得而知。1remove v. 迁移，搬迁；脱掉，摘掉；开除；消除一词多义写出下列句中remove的含义Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums. 迁移，搬迁It is a custom among the J

49、apanese to remove their footwear before entering a house. 脱掉，摘掉As far as I know, three children were removed from school for bad behaviour. 开除remove . from . 把从移开remove from . to . 从搬迁到remove sb. from school/office 开除/免职某人remove poverty and injustice 消除贫穷和不公be removed from office 被罢免职务with the misun

50、derstanding removed 随着误解被消除基础练习单句语法填空Teenagers shouldnt be removed(remove) from school although they dont do well in studies.Will you please remove your handbag from the seat?The misunderstanding being removed(remove) the two boy made up again.能力提升完成句子由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。Because of the serious air

51、 pollution, the family decided to remove from the city to the countryside2sense n. 感觉；意义 v. 感觉到(1)a sense of. 的感觉in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来讲in no sense 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(2)make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通，可理解make sense of 了解的意义；懂得(3)It makes sense to do sth. 做某事是有意义的There is no sense in (doing) sth. 做某事是没有道理/意义的。

52、have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感give me a sense of great achievement 给我巨大的成就感try to make sense of what was going on outside 努力弄清外面出了什么事基础练习单句语法填空Only those who have a sense of responsibility can hold such an important position.Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.There is

53、 no sense in pretending to know what you actually dont know.能力提升一句多译抱怨是没有意义的，我们现在应该采取行动了。It doesnt make sense to complain. We should take action now.There is no sense in complaining. We should take action now.3mix v. 使混合；使结合；相融合(1)mix . with/and . 把和混合mix with sb. 与某人交往mix up 混合，掺和；混淆(2)mixed adj. 混

54、合的mixture n. 混合物mix red paint with yellow paint to make orange paint 把红色和黄色涂料混合成橙色涂料get mixed up in a fight with another player 卷进了与另一位球员的斗殴a mixture of Chinese tradition with western style 中国传统与西方风格的融合基础练习单句语法填空He is famous for mixing Chinese musical traditions with/and western forms and instrument

55、ation.He looked at her with a mixture(mix) of amusement and happiness.I must admit that I have mixed(mix) feelings about my new deskmate.能力提升完成句子我认为保持年轻的秘诀就是与年轻人交往。I think the secret of staying young is to mix with younger people.4danger n. 危险；危险的人或物(1)in danger 处于危险之中in danger of 有的危险out of danger

56、脱离危险(2)dangerous adj.危险的endanger v. 危及；危害；使遭受危险endangered adj. 濒危的a danger to the public 对大众来说是个危险in danger of losing his job 他有失去工作的危险stop illegal trade in endangered animals 阻止濒危动物的非法交易基础练习单句语法填空People who drink and drive are a danger both to themselves and to others.Tigers are dangerous(danger) t

57、o man, but they are in danger of dying out now.The operation was a success and she is now out of danger.能力提升一句多译确实到了我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。Its time for us to take measures to protect endangered animalsIts time that we took measures to protect endangered animals5pretend v. 假装；佯作pretendeq blc(avs4alco1(to b

58、en./adj. 假装是,to do sth.假装做某事,to be doing sth.假装正在做某事,to have done sth.假装已经做过某事,（that）.假装)pretend to be angry 假装生气pretend to be doing his homework 他假装正在做作业pretend to have known the answer to the problem 假装已经知道了那道题的答案基础练习单句语法填空If you pretend to know(know) what you dont know, youll only make a fool of

59、yourself.He pretended to be reading (read) an important paper when the boss came in.The boy pretended nothing had happened(happen) after breaking the window.能力提升完成句子他们很快就识破了那个骗子，那人伪装成该领域的一个专家。It didnt take long for them to see through the cheat, who pretended to be an expert in this area(定语从句)6excha

60、nge vt. & n. 交换；兑换(1)exchange sth. for sth. 以换取exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换(2)in exchange for 作为的交换(3)exchangeable adj. 可交换/兑换的an exchange student from China 一名来自中国的交换生exchange a quick smile with her 与她会意一笑often exchange ideas with our parents 经常与我们的父母交流想法基础练习单句语法填空At the end of the game, players tr