专接本定语从句的课件

1、定语从句什么是定语从句？1.定语从句:在主句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词的句子。She lives in a house whose windows face south.2.定语从句二要素：先行词，引导词（关系词）3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词，名词词组或代词。4. 引导词：连接先行词和定语从句的词。5. 引导词作用：1).连接作用，引导定语从句2).代替先行词3).在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。（=定语从句如果去掉引导词，句子是不完整的，句子缺什么成分，引导词就在从句中充当什么句子成分。先行词关系词在从句中充当的句子成分人who主语/宾语（动词/介词）人whom宾语（动词/介词）物w

2、hich主语/宾语/定语人或物whose定语人或物that主语/宾语（动词/介词）/表语人或物as主语/宾语/表语时间名词when时间状语地点名词where地点状语原因名词(reason)why原因状语1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语和表语；2. 关系副词在定语从句中作状语(时间状语，地点状语和原因状语)3. 主要考点：当先行词为表示时间、地点和原因的名词时，如何选取引导词？方法：如果该名词在定语从句中作主语，宾语和表语，用关系代词引导；如果该名词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词引导。考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用1. That is the school I studied last

3、year.A. which B. where2. This was the place I visited last year. A. which B. where3. The reason Elaine didnt turn up was not made clear.A. why B. which4. The reason Elaine offered us was not clear.A. why B. which C. that5. I never forget the time we spent together.A. when B. which6. Now we can fly t

4、o Tokyo. There was a time we had to take a boat.A. when B. which关系代词who, whom, which, that可代替先行词在定语从句中作动词或介词宾语，但当介词提前置于关系代词前时，则只能用whom(先行词为人)；which(先行词为物)。1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person she could turn to for help.A. who B. whom C. that2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single p

5、erson to she could turn to for help.A. who B. whom C. that考点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句3. The poor man has no house he can live in. A. which B. that4. The poor man has no house in he can live.A. which B. that5. The boy needs to be taken good care of is an orphan.A. who B. that C. whom当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词也可用whose(

6、做定语修饰其后名词，与该名词一起做介词宾语。)Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词如何选取？“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选取应根据定语从句的句意和固定搭配来选择。1. There was not a small house in the village he had not brought food and comfort.A. which B. whereC. to which D. in which2. The goals he had fought all his life n

7、o longer seemed important to him.A. after which B. for whichC. at which D. with which3. To avoid the various foolish opinions mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required.A. with which B. of whichC. from which D. to which介词+关系代词=关系副词？关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语。when= in/at/on/during+which wh

8、ere= in/at/on/+which why=for +which介词的选取？1. Do you remember the day which you joined our club？A. in B. on C. at D. during2. Do you remember the time which we were students?A. in B. on C. at D. during介词+关系代词=关系副词1. There was not a small house in the village he had not brought food and comfort.A. whic

9、h B. whereC. to which D. in which介词+关系代词=关系副词只有当介词+关系代词在定语从句中作状语时，该等式成立；否则该等式不成立。其他注意事项：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等1). This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)2). This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither,

10、most, each, few等代词或者数词1). He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.2). In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.3. whose=of which/whom 1). 先行词指物时，用 “the + 名词 of which”替代“whose + 名词”；2). 先行词指人时，用“the + 名词 of whom”替代“whose + 名词”。a. The house, the win

11、dows of which face east, is our dormitory.b. The girl, the grandfather of whom died for the liberation of the Chinese people, is the chairman of our Students Union.4. 介词+which / whom+不定式结构=介词+which / whom+句子The poor man has no house in which to live.= The poor man has no house in which he can live.1

12、. I had not even a vague idea was going to happen.A. in which B. of whichC. of what D. in what2. The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grains.A. with which B. to whichC. which D. in which考点三：关系代词that和which的区别that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which：1. which能引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能。 2. 先行词是eve

13、rything, much, little, few, all, any, none等不定代词时，或先行词被all, every, few, no, little, much, some, any，each等词所修饰时;3.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或者被其修饰时;4.当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, the right， the next修饰时;5.当先行词前面有who, which, what等疑问代词时; Who is the person that is standing at the gate?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者

14、物体时;7.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时：He is not the boy that he used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.8.当在there/here be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which。Here is the paper that you left behind the other.考点四：that和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用who而不用that。1. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone, those, people, pe

15、rson，he等：Anyone who does that must be mad.2. 用在there be句型中先行词指人时候，只用who：There is a young man who wants to see you. 3.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时：I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games.I was the only person in my office who was invited. A new master will co

16、me tomorrow who will teach you German. 考点五：关系代词as的运用 1. as 通常用于such as, so as, the same as中，引导限制性定语从句。关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词+as He is not such a fool as he looks.so+形容词+名词+asthe same+名词+as the same +名词+that 2. the same as与the same that定语从句的区别。I have the same

17、book as you have. (相似)I have the same book that you have.(同一)3.定语从句such/ so as 与状语从句such/ so that的区别。Here is so heavy a case as no one can move.Here is so heavy a case that no one can move it.as引导的是定语从句，as 在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语；that 引导的是状语从句，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，其后一定是一句完整的句子。非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别：2. 非

18、限制性定语从句的引导词有：which, who, whom, whose, as, when, where(不可用that和why)3. which引导非限制性定语从句的用法：1).先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作定语从句的表语时,主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。Mikes brother is a policeman，which he isnt2).先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isnt3).先行词是集体名词表整体意思时;My family，which has 35 peop

19、le，is a large one在非限制性定语从句，先行词为集体名词，表示整体每个成员时，用哪个引导词？4). 在非限制性定语从句中，which可在定语从句中作定语。a. My sister spent five years at university, during which time she studied medicine.b. Five years of life in prison changed him greatly, for which reason she could hardly recognize him at first sight.1. His son has b

20、ecome a doctor, he wanted to be. A. who B. which C. where D. that2. Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Monday, it will be completely finished.A. by that time B. by which timeC. by then D. by the time考点六：as与which引导非限的异同点相同点： as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。不同点： 1. which 引导的非限制性定从只能位于主句后，as

21、引导的非限制性定从可以位于主句之前、之后或之中。As is expected, the result is satisfactory.The result, as is expected, is satisfactory. The result is satisfactory, as is expected.as/which指代前边整个句子的内容，位于主句后时as和which可互换He failed in the exam, as (=which) is natural.Dick is fined for drunken driving, as/ which is often the case

22、.2. as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等He won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.The police were looking for him, as he thought.3.在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里，一般用which引导。(which代表前面的主句。 )a. He cheated his friend of much money, wh

23、ich was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.1. is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposals.A. That B. It C. Which D. As2. It was raining again, is very bad for our crops.A. It B. what C. that D.

24、 whichas 常用在以下习惯用语中 as anybody can see 正如人们都能看到的那样 as is well-known=as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as (it) often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的考点七：注意插入语Jim is the new comer I believe has great potential.A. who B. whom若认为该句的关系代词作I b

25、elieve的宾语而用whom是错误的，因为I believe 的宾语不是whom一个词，而是who has great potential整个句子，因此关系代词在从句中是作主语的。经常在定语从句中作插入语的有：I (we) believe/ think/ knowevery body believes/ thinks/ knows1. We feed children _are hungry. A. whom we think B. who we think C. we think who D. we think whom2. He made another wonderful discov

26、ery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which it is考点八：几个特殊先行词的定语从句1. 先行词是the reason 时，1). 在reason作先行词的定语从句中，若the reason在从句中做原因状语，一般用why引导定语从句，why可以用forwhich替换。Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hehasresignedispoorhealth. 2). 当reason用作定语从句的

27、宾语时，引导词用that/which. Thereason(that/which)hegaveforbeinglatewasthattheywereheldupinatrafficjam. 他给出的迟到原因是由于他们被交通阻塞给耽误了。2. 先行词是the way（方式，方法）时，1). 若the way在从句中做方式状语，一般用that/in which引导定语从句 The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was not difficult to understand.2).当the way用作定语从句的宾语时，引导词用that/wh

28、ichThe way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple. （the way作explain的宾语）3. 先行词是time时， 1). time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.2). time作“一段时间，时代”讲时,在从句中做状语，用when或in/ during+ which来引导定语从句。There was a time when/during which there w

29、as no TV, no radios and no phones. 3). time在从句中做宾语，用that/whichCan you still remember the time (that/which) we spent together in our childhood?It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai.It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life.4. where引导的定语从句还可以修饰如case, condition, point, position, situat

30、ion, system等表示“情况, 方面”等名词。They were in a difficult situation where all efforts were in vain.We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.5.在direction(方向), way(方式), distance(距离), time(时间), times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which。 The direction (in which) we move a body can be chan

31、ged. The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300, 000 kilometers. 考点九：定语从句中的主谓一致1. 定语从句中动词的单复数取决于先行词。I, who am your true friend, have to point out your error.2. 先行词是集体名词时，指整体时，关系代词用which，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如集体名词是指其中的成员，则关系代词用who或whom，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。1). The football team, which is pla

32、ying well, will come out first.2). The football team, who are having a rest, will give an interview to the reporters.3. one of +复数名词 + 定语从句，从句的谓语动词用复数the (only) one of +复数名词 + 定语从句，从句的谓语动词用单数。This is one of the movies which have pleased me.This is the only one of the movies which has pleased us.考点十：

33、定语从句与其他句型的区别1. 定语从句与并列句的区别：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。1). Mr. Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer 2). Mr. Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别：定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之

34、间是同位关系。（引导词，语法作用以及从句的完整性三方面不同。）1). The news that he told us interested all of us.2). The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 3. 定语从句和强调结构的区别：强调句的结构为It iswas被强调部分that从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。1). It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the ai

35、rport 2). It is the factory _ Mr. Wang works定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略 一、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。 二、关系代词作表语时的省略 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如： China is not the country (that) it was. 三、关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如

36、： Im not the madman (that) you thought me. 四、关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 五、关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： This

37、 is the place (where) they met yesterday. 六、关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如： Thats the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 重要补充1.在非限制性定语从句里，介词+where /when，where there，when then。 1). His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows，from where he could see

38、 nothing but trees2). That was in 1929，since when things have been better3). I went to bed at ten，before when I was reading for an hour.2. but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 (but的意义是否定的。)1). There are very few but understand his idea.2). There is no rules in English but has an exception.3. than也可作为关系代词引导定语从句，但主句中必须

39、有比较级形式和than呼应。There is no rule has some exception.A. that B. but C. which D. what1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that who B. that they C . they that D theywhich 2. Is this factory _ we visited last year? A. where B in which C the one D at which 3. The book, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B for C whose D of which 4. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell yo