黑龙江省七台河市第一中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题含解析

1、黑龙江省七台河市第一中学2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题含解析黑龙江省七台河市第一中学2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题含解析PAGE PAGE - 49 -黑龙江省七台河市第一中学2019_2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题含解析黑龙江省七台河市第一中学2019-2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题(含解析）答题时间:120分钟 满分:150分第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)第一节：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AVolunteer Opportunities for Young AdultsWhen you give back-t

2、o others less fortunate or in need of special help， you will definitely feel good about yourself and the world. If you have a wish to be personally connected to the charity or organization where you are giving your time and money, here are some volunteer opportunities。WatsiFounded by Chase Adams aft

3、er a bus ride in Costa Rica in 2011, Watsi is a digitally focused heath nonprofit for young adults. Watsi offers real-time tracking of where money donated goes, from basic medical services to surgeries.Pencils of PromisePencils of Promise was founded by Adam Braun in October 2008. It is an on-profit

4、 organization that puts all of its time and funds into education in the developing world。 Pencils of Promise encourages their donors to connect with others to increase donation。 All the donation will be used to build schools, provide supplies and train teachers in poor and under educated countries.P

5、roject LinusEverywhere you see young men and women knitting and crocheting(钩). They are using those skills to make blankets for children in need. Founded in 1995, in Denver， Colorado, Project Linus is an nonprofit organization。 Its goal is to provide warmth and safety through blankets to children ac

6、ross the nation in need。 The organization is now led by Carol Babbit with the headquarters in Normal， IL。Girls on the RunGirls on the Run was set up in1996 in Charlotte, North Carolina, with a team of 13 brave girls. Program founder Molly Barker struggled in her own life, and came to realize that a

7、running program gave her “respect for my body and all the things it can do。 Girls on the Run is a volunteer opportunity for teaching young girls about the benefits of running.1。 Which organization has existed for about 9 years？A. Watsi.B. Pencils of Promise。C. Project Linus。D。 Girls on the Run.2。 Ho

8、w does Pencils of Promise help the world?A. It sells pencils to poor students.B。 It focuses on childrens health。C. It provides social media for poor kids。D。 It helps increase educational opportunities.3. Which is right about Project Linus?A. It was set up by Carol Babbit.B。 Its goal is to teach chil

9、dren how to knit。C. It supplies blankets to kids in need。D。 Its an allfemale organization。4. Who set up Girls on the Run?A. Chase Adams.B. Molly Barker.C. Carol BabbitD. Adam Braun【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4。 B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章向想做志愿者的读者列出了四个慈善机构，并介绍了四个机构的创建时间，主要的目标和运行的业务.【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “Founded by Chase

10、Adams after a bus ride in Costa Rica in 2011, Watsi is digitally focused health nonprofit for young adults.”可知2011年，由Chase Adams在哥斯达黎加乘坐公共汽车后创立了Watsi，是面向年轻人的数字化健康非盈利组织.由此可知，2011年创建，如今是2020年，存在将近九年时间.所以是Watsi存在时间将近九年，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “Pencils of Promise：It is an onprofit organization that puts

11、 all of its time and funds into education in the developing world。可知，它是一个盈利性组织，将所有的时间和资金投入到发展中国家的教育中。由此可知,Pencils of Promise将盈利的资金用于帮助发展中国家建立学校等，由此可知，这帮助增加了孩子们的教育机会。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题.根据文章第四段 “Project Linus：They are using those skills to make blankets for children in need. Its goal is to provide warmth

12、 and safety through blankets to children across the nation in need.”（他们正利用这些技能为有需要的儿童制作毛毯。它的目标是通过毯子为全国有需要的儿童提供温暖和安全.）由此可知，Project Linus这个组织为需要帮助的孩子们提供毯子.故选C。【4题详解】细节理解题.根据文章最后一段 “Program founder Molly Barker ”（项目创始人Molly Barker）由此可知，Molly Barker是项目创始人，所以是她建立了Girls on the Run。故选B。BFor centuries， peop

13、le have moved to and lived in cities. These urban centres are places to find work， friends and fun. Its no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer but adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist。According to

14、 a report by the United Nations， 54 percent of the worlds population lives in urban areas and it predicts that by 2050,this figure will have increased to around 70 percent。 But as more and more people move from the countryside to the city to get better chances, they can end up with nowhere to live.T

15、his is true in places such as Rio de Janeiro, where the people from the countryside cant rent or buy a home，and they end up building their own communities and houses on unoccupied land. These are called shanty towns poor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materialsand often dont hav

16、e any electricity or water supply。These are, of course， not the future cities we want to see。 Some serious urban planning is needed to make our cities of the future good， safe and modern places to live in。 This involves improving the housing conditions， the chances for education and employment and s

17、o on.Something urban planners are looking at now is the creation of“smart cities。 According to John Rossant， founder and chairman of the non-profit organisation New Cities Foundation， technology is the way forward. He thinks that its generally accepted that “cloud computing, ubiquitous Internet， rob

18、ust 5G networks etc， will change our cities。 He says technology is really “a game changer” in urbanization (城市化）。 It would collect large amounts of data about how a city is working and may improve how a city functions。5. Why will a larger population be living in a city by 2050？A。 Because the governm

19、ent encourages the development of cities.B。 Because more people will have more children。C。 Because the countryside will disappear.D。 Because more people will move into the city to get more good opportunities6. What can we know about shanty towns?A。 They have good quality housing built for poor peopl

20、e.B。 They are filled with people living under poverty。C. They are built by the government.D。 They are developed and modern.7. What name is given to a city that uses technology to help it function properly？A. Traditional cities。B. Future cities.C。 Smart cities.D。 Developing cities【答案】5. D 6. B 7. C【解

21、析】【分析】本文是说明文。文中分析了城市人口越来越多的原因及造成的问题，指出了未来城市发展的方向。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段These urban centres are places to find work, friends and fun. Its no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer可知人们认为城市是寻找工作、寻找朋友和乐趣的地方。越来越多的人涌入城市，是希望最大限度地利用城

22、市提供的机会，因此到2050年城市人口将大大增加。故选D.【6题详解】推理判断题.根据第三段These are called shanty towns poor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materials-and often dont have any electricity or water supply.可知棚户区是用廉价材料建造房屋的贫困社区，这里通常没有水电供应,即棚户区里挤满了贫困的人们.故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题.根据最后一段Something urban planners are looking

23、at now is the creation of “smart cities”。 technology is the way forward. He thinks that its generally accepted that “cloud computing， ubiquitous Internet， robust 5G networks etc， will change our cities”.可知城市规划者现在关注的是“智能城市的创造，在智能城市中技术是前进的方向，高科技将改变城市，即使用科技帮助其正常运转的城市就是“智能城市”- smart cities.故选C.【点睛】细节理解题

24、具体方法与步骤如下:1。略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨.本文分析了城市人口越来越多的原因及造成的问题,指出了未来城市发展的方向。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example， first， second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3。将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视,找到细节出处,待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1根据第一段These urban centres are places to find work, friends and fun. Its no surprise that

25、they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer可知人们认为城市是寻找工作、寻找朋友和乐趣的地方。越来越多的人涌入城市，是希望最大限度地利用城市提供的机会,因此到2050年城市人口将大大增加。故选D.CBreathing dirty air can cost someones life span（寿命) months-even years， a new study finds。Worldwide， air pollution lower

26、s average life spans by a year. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters。Air pollution has been linked to many health problems.Most earlier studies has looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. But now an environmental scientist，

27、Joshua Apte， is going even further。 He works at the University of Texas, Austin。 He together with his team is looking at life expectancy, hoping to make the threat easier to understand。PM 2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM 2。 5 can cause health pr

28、oblems and cut months， if not years， from the average life span。 This analysis show show pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.The World Health Organization(WHO) recommends limiting PM 2。5 to 10 micrograms(微克) per cubic (立方)meter of air. Aptes group used data to try to fi

29、nd how this low level would help people。 But meeting the WHO standard wont get rid of health damage from dirty air.Thats because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter pollution still causes huge risks。Reducing air pollution could increase life expectancy. The scientists also compared how other th

30、reats shorten life spans across the globe。 These risk factors included smoking and cancer。These results show that in poor countries， cleaning up dirty air could greatly increase life spans。 It could have as big an effect as cleaning up drinking water， or curing lung cancer. However， in wealthier cou

31、ntries air pollution shortens life expectancy by less than half a year. All forms of cancer， in fact, shorten the average life expectancy by more than 3.5 years。“Knowing this can really help people, or policymakers, decide where to spend their money，” says Kirk Smith.8。 What is Joshua Aptes team try

32、ing to do？A。 Let people understand air pollution better。B。 Know how small air pollutants are。C。 Study the life expectancy of different people.D。 Study many different healthy problems.9. What will happen if one country limits PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms per cube meters？A。 Its people will live a healthy l

33、ife.B. Its air is very clean.C. It will get a prize from WHO。D。 It still has pollution risks。10。 What can we infer from the last paragraph？A. Cancer is the leading killer in all kinds of diseases.B。 Its very hard to clean up dirty air in a short time.C. The study will help different countries take d

34、ifferent policies.D。 Reducing air pollution can increase all peoples lifespans much.11. What can be the best title for the text？A。 The Effect of Cancer Is Worse than Dirty AirB。 Air Pollution Is Shortening Lives WorldwideC。 Many Factors Are Affecting Peoples HealthD。 Governments Are Trying to Make L

35、ife Span Long【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11。 B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学理论。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“He together with his team is looking at life expectancy， hoping to make the threat easier to understand.”可知，Joshua Apte的团队希望让人们更容易地,更好地理解空气污染给他们带来的威胁。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“The World Health Organization(W

36、HO） recommends limiting PM 2。5 to 10 micrograms（微克) per cubic (立方)meter of air。”可知，WHO建议将空气中的 PM 2。5含量限制在每立方米10微克。再根据本段句子“But meeting the WHO standard wont get rid of health damage from dirty air。”可知，即使满足了这一标准，人们也无法摆脱脏空气对健康的损害,也就是仍然存在着污染的风险。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“These results show that in poor

37、 countries， cleaning up dirty air could greatly increase life spans。”可知，在贫穷的国家，减少空气污染能够很大程度上增加寿命.再根据句子“However， in wealthier countries air pollution shortens life expectancy by less than half a year. All forms of cancer， in fact, shorten the average life expectancy by more than 3.5 years.”可知,在更富裕的国家

38、，减少空气污染对健康的影响没有贫穷的国家大，而各种癌症对人们寿命的影响更大。可知，不同国家的情况是不同的。根据句子“Knowing this can really help people, or policymakers, decide where to spend their money”可知,这个研究成果可以帮助不同国际根据国情制定不同的政策。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题.根据文章内容和第一段主旨句“Breathing dirty air can cost someones life span（寿命） months-even years， a new study finds.”可知,

39、文章主要阐述的是在全世界范围内，空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学理论。故选B项.DOnce when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had： Be bold and brave and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your help。Those words made me

40、see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed。 It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all。 On the other hand, whenever I had jumped into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance (环境）, I had always been able to

41、 swim until I got my feet on the ground again。Boldness means a decision to bite （咬) off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are inner powers we have： energy, skill， sound judgment， creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.A

42、dmittedly， those mighty forces are spiritual ones。 But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim， was an excellent football player， even though he weighed much less than the average player。 “In one game I suddenly found myself facing a huge player, who had nothing

43、but me between him and our goal line， said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and crazily threw myself at that guy like a bullet (子弹) and stopped him cold.”Boldness-a willingness to get yourself to the extreme-is not one that can be gained overnight. But it can be taught to children and

44、 developed in adults。 Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折） and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee (保证） of success。 But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try

45、to live a little bit beyond your abilities - and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.12. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A。 He faced huge risks.B. Fear prevented him from trying.C. He lacked mighty forces。D。 Failure blocked his way to success

46、.13. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 3？A。 Swallow more than you can digest。B。 Develop more mysterious powers。C. Act slightly above your abilities。D. Learn to make creative decisions。14。 What was especially important for Tims successful defense in the football game？A。 His spir

47、itual force.B。 His basic skill.C。 His real fear.D。 His physical strength。15。 What is the authors purpose in writing this passage？A。 To advise people to develop more abilities.B. To advise people to build up physical power。C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success。D. To encourage people to be c

48、ourageous。【答案】12。 B 13. C 14. A 15. D【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过朋友的建议告诉读者，要勇敢地去尝试自己没有把握的事情,我们的能力比我们想象的还要大。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all。可知，作者过去没有实现目标通常都是因为害怕失败而没有去尝试，故选B。【13题详解】语句理解题。根据本段下文内容And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty fo

49、rcesThey are potential powers we possess:energy，skill，sound judgment可知，我们都有比自己意识到的更大的潜在力量，甚至包括体力，由此可推断出此处指要做略微超出你的能力的事情”，故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。第四段Admittedly， those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones.不可否认,那些强大的力量是精神上的，这比身体的力量还要重要.然后列举了Tom的例子就是说明了精神的力量比身体上的更重要,

50、所以精神力量对Tom的成功很重要，故选A。【15题详解】目的意图题。根据文章最后一段So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities - and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.可知，作者建议读者去尝试略微超出自己能力的事情,这样就会发现自己的能力比想象中的还大，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们更勇敢，故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Most

51、 people will have to use pubic transportation at some point, so take the time to learn proper manners。 Dont be one of those people who leave other passengers complaining.Follow basic traffic rules. _16_This includes hallways，stairwells， and other areas where there is a constant flow of foot traffic.

52、 If you must pass someone, try to do it on the left, as you would in a car。 Be considerate of anyone who is disabled or has a service animal。Watch your belongings。 Not only do you need to protect your belongings, but you also need to protect others from your bags and backpacks. Remove your backpack

53、from your back so that when you turn around， you dont knock someone over. You should never place a bag on the seat next to you when you are on a crowded bus or train. Put it on the floor. _17_Hold down the noise。 Dont inflict （使吃苦头） your noise on others_18_ Dont have long cellphone conversations unt

54、il you reach your stop。 If you must listen to music，wear earbuds and keep the volume low enough so that only you can hear it._19_ Do your best to make sure others dont have to deal with smells coming from you. You can wear deodorant（除臭剂） to remove or hide unpleasant smells， but dont put on too much

55、heavy perfume before getting on a crowded train。_20_Dont bring unsealed food and drink on public transportation. Smells travel in small spaces。 You also risk spilling and causing a dangerous environment where people may slip and fall.A. Watch over environment.B. Learn policies about wearing fragranc

56、e.C. You should stay to the right as much as possible.D。 This includes loud talking， electronics, and singing。E. Always show good manners while riding public transportation.F。 If you dont want it to get dirty， place it on your lap so others can sit.G。 You will not only make some people feel uncomfor

57、table, but they may also be allergic to it。【答案】16。 C 17. F 18。 D 19. A 20. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章中作者向大家介绍了几个乘坐公共交通时应注意的礼节。它们分别是：遵循基本的交通规定;注意自己的东西;降低噪音；照管好周边的环境.【16题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力.本段的小标题Follow basic traffic rules.“遵循基本的交通规则”，可知本段主要是关于基本的交通规则,且下文This includes hallways， stairwells, and other areas w

58、here there is a constant flow of foot traffic。“这包括走廊，楼梯井，和其他有固定步行人流的地方”可知此处主要是讲步行时应遵循的规则,结合常识可知步行时应该是靠右。故C选项“You should stay to the right as much as possible。”（你应该尽可能靠右。）符合上下文语境，故选C。【17题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的小标题Watch your belongings.“注意你带的东西”，可知本段主要是关于如何安放自己所带的东西,上文You should never place a bag on t

59、he seat next to you when you are on a crowded bus or train. Put it on the floor。（当你在拥挤的公交车和火车上的时候，你不要把你的包裹放在邻座.把它放在地板上。）接下来F选项提到了如何安放包裹，故F选项“If you dont want it to get dirty, place it on your lap so others can sit。”（如果你不想把它弄脏，把它放在你腿上,这样别人也可以坐下。)符合上下文语境，故选F。【18题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的小标题Hold down the

60、 noise.“降低噪音， 可知本段主要是关于在公共交通工具上,要尽量降低噪音.前句Dont inflict （使吃苦头) your noise on others（不要让别人吃你制造噪音的苦头），接下来应该是解释或列举各种噪音现象，D选项中的this指的是noise，故D选项“This includes loud talking, electronics, and singing。 ”（这包括大声说话,电子设备和唱歌。）符合上下文语境，故选D.【19题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力.本段的小标题Watch over environment。“照管好周边的环境”， 可知本段主要是关于照