2021届上海市奉贤区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案

1、2021奉贤二模 What You Will Need to Live to 100活到 100 岁需要什么A new approach to retirement preparation known as “longevity planning” has been on the rise for years, with the global population of centenarians (百岁老人) steadily growing. In about 40 years, the number of people 100 and older will be six times as

2、high as it is now. What, as you may wonder, enhances longevity? While a previous study underlined the link between longevity and higher education, having a degree doesnt necessarily guarantee you a longer life. Actually, the growth in the 100-plus age group are more likely to result from a combinati

3、on of improved lifestyle factors.多年来，随着全球百岁老人人口的稳步增长，一种被称为“长寿计划”的退休准备新方法一直在兴起。 大约 40 年后，100 岁及以上的人数将是现在的六倍。 您可能想知道，什么可以延长寿命？ 虽然之前的一项研究强调了长寿与高等教育之间的联系，但拥有学位并不一定能保证您的寿命更长。 实际上，100 岁以上年龄组的增长更有可能是生活方式因素改善的综合结果。 Genetic, as new research has revealed, is a force that cannot go ignored. Dr. Peris of medici

4、ne and geriatrics at Boston University points out that longevity is not distributed equally. Being blessed with the certain genetic component that extend your life span is like winning the lottery. Only one in 5000 is lucky enough to possess the magical power that help make it to the century mark. R

5、are as it may appear, the genetic component is a factor in 40 percent to 50 percent of people who make it to 100 and 70 percent for those reaching 106.正如新研究表明的那样，遗传是一种不可忽视的力量。 波士顿大学医学和老年病学的珀里斯（Peris）博士指出，寿命分布不均。 拥有某些可以延长寿命的基因成分就像中了彩票一样。 只有五千分之一的人有幸拥有帮助其进入世纪大关的神奇力量。 尽管可能看起来很罕见，但在 40% 到 50% 的人中，遗传成分是一

6、个因素，而在 100% 和 70% 的人中，达到 106 岁。 Deliberate mental, social and physical activities during retirement also matter. That means continuing to learn new things, staying involved in the community and working to some degree. Activity is critically important, said Mitch Anthony, a consultant in Rochester, w

7、ho trains financial planners in life planning. People tend to do best when they remain socially and mentally vibrant.退休期间有意进行的心理、社交和身体活动也很重要。 这意味着继续学习新事物，继续参与社区并在一定程度上工作。 罗切斯特（Rochester）的顾问米奇安东尼（Mitch Anthony）说，活动至关重要，他对理财规划师进行人生规划培训。 当人们在社交和精神上保持活力时，他们往往会做得最好。 The research continues to uncover that

8、 despite their struggle to identify how they improve longevity, most of the researchers agree that purpose and meaning throughout life provide people with better chances to live longer. These factors may offer a mental and possibly physical shelter from stressful events hi life. Having purpose in li

9、fe may motivate reframing stressful situations to deal with them more productively, thereby facilitating recovery from stress and disorder.研究继续发现，尽管他们努力确定如何延长寿命，但大多数研究人员同意，终生的目的和意义为人们提供了更好的长寿机会。 这些因素可以为生活中的压力事件提供精神和可能的身体庇护。 生活中有目标可能会促使重新构建压力情境以更有效地处理它们，从而促进从压力和紊乱中恢复。 【参考答案1】Besides genetic, a signif

10、icant yet uncontrollable contributor, lifestyle factors also improve longevity. First, retirees active participation in activities prolongs their lives as they benefit socially and mentally. Meanwhile, people who live a meaningful and purposeful life also live longer because they usually recover mor

11、e quickly from stress and disorder. (49 words)除了遗传这一重要但无法控制的因素外，生活方式因素也能延长寿命。 首先，退休人员积极参与活动可以延长他们的寿命，因为他们在社会和精神上都受益。 与此同时，过着有意义和有目的的生活的人也活得更久，因为他们通常会更快地从压力和混乱中恢复过来。 (49 字) 【参考答案2】There are a few factors that may improve ones longevity. First, genetic is a significant yet uncontrollable contributor.

12、Then retirees active participation in activities also prolongs their lives as they benefit socially and mentally. Meanwhile, people who live a meaningful and purposeful life also live longer because they usually recover more quickly from stress and disorder. (56 words)有几个因素可以提高一个人的寿命。 首先，遗传是一个重要但无法控

13、制的因素。 退休人员积极参与活动也延长了他们的寿命，因为他们在社会和精神上都受益。 与此同时，过着有意义和有目的的生活的人也活得更久，因为他们通常会更快地从压力和混乱中恢复过来。 (56 字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事

14、实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exag

15、geration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few peop

16、le in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today ac

17、cessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：

18、”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use

19、 much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was pati

20、ent. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to apprec