高中英语句子成分分析 (2)PPT

1、关于高中英语句子成分分析 (2)第一张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月句子成分定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补 语、表语、同位语第二张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语状语第三张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月主语（subject）说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Fo

2、ur plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.第四张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不

3、定式） What he needs is a book. （从句）It is very clear that the sun rises in the east.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出句中主语第五张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月谓语（predictate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad

4、cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing 第六张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月（三）宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名词）（代词）（名词、数词）第七张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月4.They helped the old wit

5、h their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第八张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月 直接宾语和间接宾语 有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为直接宾语和间接宾语; 直接宾语多为物,间接宾语多为人，表明动作是对谁做的。 We brought them some food. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 He showed

6、 me how to run the machine. 主 谓 间宾 直宾若先说直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),必须借助介词 to 或 for：We bought some food for them.He showed how to run the machine to us. 第九张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月 宾语补足语 - 有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思, 还必须在宾语后 加上宾语补足语, 句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么, 或处于何种状态。 名词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 不定式, 现在分词和过去分词 可充当宾补。形容词 Leave the door o

7、pen.副词 We found John out when we arrived.介词短语 Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式 I saw him enter the hall.现在分词 The boss keeps them working all day.过去分词 I heard my name called.第十张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our cla

8、ss.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)第十一张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月第十二张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is

9、his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.第十三张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late t

10、hat I missed the train.第十四张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度 目的)（地点 伴随） （地点 时间）（让步）

11、（方式）(原因)第十五张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第十六张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有

12、一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第十七张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please k

13、eep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.第十八张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the examThe student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor

14、.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.第十九张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月（七）表语 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear, look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn, become,get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.第二十张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月The war was over.They seem t

15、o know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.第二十一张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old.名词He himself will do the experiment.代词He is the oldest among them four.数词He told me

16、 the news that our team won the game.从句He told me the news that I am interested in.从句第二十二张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月Exercises:分析句子结构You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework, he went away.He l

17、ikes pop music.第二十三张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.第二十四张

18、，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月(二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.第二十五张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was tryin

19、g to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!第二十六张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang

20、 get on the bus.第二十七张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.第二十八张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurr

21、ied off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.第二十九张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4.

22、 Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语第三十张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语

23、时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？第三十一张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。第三十二张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月二、宾语 宾语可

24、以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作

25、形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语第三十三张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spo

26、ke Chinese so well.( )名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词第三十四张，PPT共三十九页，创作于2022年6月三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分