高中英语选择性必修一 第一单元限时练（解析版）

1、人教（2019）版高中英语选择性必修第一册第一单元限时练时间：100分钟 分值：120第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 (共8小题；每小题4分，满分32分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑AIt can be tough to pull kids away from their computers and mobile devices these days. While theyre playing games, wouldnt it be great if they could be learning at the sam

2、e time? Good educational apps offer fun challenges that teach specific grade-level skills. Here are four that combine fun and learning.Understanding Math ($3.99; iOS)Understanding Math goes beyond basic comprehension to gain a deeper understanding of the whys and hows of math. The app tracks your ch

3、ilds progress to determine strengths and weaknesses in different skill areas, and you can customize(改制）your childs learning experience to suit the needs .Word Creativity Kit ($2.99; iOS)Word Creativity Kit aims not only to make creative writing fun but also build up grammar rules. The app presents a

4、 series of words from seven categories, such as space or fantasy. Kids add their own words to finish the complete thoughts that these words have inspired.Barefoot World Atlas ($4.99; iOS)Barefoot World Atlas helps kids learn about geography and world cultures with a touch of the screen. Each region

5、features a set of subtopics from wildlife and natural features to native , andarchitecture . These facts and illustrations are delivered in photographs ,sounds, and hundreds of mini videos.My Grades & Homework (80.99; iOS)A combination of grades and homework tracker, My Grades &Homework can help you

6、r child stay organized and on top of the progress in school. A convenient calendar and course list format offer a glance at your childs assignment schedule that he or she might not normally get from standard homework planners.1.Which app is beneficial to childrens writing skills?A. Understanding Mat

7、h.B.Word Creativity Kit.C.Barefoot World Atlas.D. My Grades & Homework.2. What do the four apps have in common?A. They need purchasing when downloading.B. They help children improve their grades.C. They make studies fun by mini-videos.D. They inform parents of their childrens progress.3. What is the

8、 purpose of the text?A. To ask readers to bring in more similar apps for children.B.To encourage parents to allow their children to play games.C. To design educational apps combining fun and learning.D. To introduce four educational apps for readers to buy and use.【1.答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Word Creativit

9、y Kit 部分中的第一句话“Word Creativity Kit aims not only to make creative writing fun but also build up grammar rules.可知，应选B项。【2.答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据四个小标题后括号里的内容可知，四个应用程序都需要付费才能下载，故选A项。【3.答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Here are four that combine fun and learning.可知，作者写本篇文章的目的是给读者介绍四个寓教于乐的应用程序。BNot very long ago, the q

10、uestion would have seemed absurd. Now it is on the lips of respected scientists; MPs（议员）are beginning to talk of “a war on sugar”, and even Englands chief medical officer has said sugar may have to be, like the old enemy tobacco, taxed in order to protect the nations health. There came a time in the

11、 evolution of public attitudes to smoking, when the doctors had been shouting for long enough that the public was broadly aware of the risks and the only question left for Government was: What should we do about it?Some believe we are now at the same point in our attitudes to sugar. Otherslargely bu

12、t not only representatives of the food and drink industrysay the entire debate has been skewed（歪曲）by those who spread stories deliberately to make people nervous. More or less everyone agrees that eating too much sugar is bad for you. There is also no doubt obesity is a growing problem which is putt

13、ing a significant, avoidable burden on the NHS by increasing the rates of diabetes, heart disease and other long-term conditions.But to what extent is sugarrather than saturated fats, or salt, carbohydrates or proteins, or any of the other devils of modern dietsthe cause of obesity and how much shou

14、ld we worry about it?Yesterday, hopes of achieving anything resembling clarity from the World Health Organization（WHO）were confused once again, which, widely expected to reduce the recommended sugar intake by a half in new draft guidance, instead said it would continue to recommend that sugar make u

15、p no more than 10 percent of the energy we consume, while adding that cutting this to five percent would have “additional benefits”. The decision will now go out to public consultation.Simon Capewell, professor of the University of Liverpool, said that he suspected “dirty work” on the part of food a

16、nd drinks companies might lie behind the WHOs less than resounding（强有力的）message.4. What does the author indicate by referring to smoking?A. People must see the disadvantages of sugar immediately.B. It is not easy for authorities to restrict or ban something.C. Sugar has just turned out to be as harm

17、ful as smoking.D. It is easy for people to see bad effects of something.5. WHO has changed its idea mainly because_.A. it thinks the danger of sugar to health is emphasized too muchB. it has been put under pressure by food and drinks companiesC. it believes certain amount of intake of sugar does us

18、goodD. it finds it safe to take in as much sugar as people do now6. When reporting the argument about sugar, the author seems to_.A. remain objectiveB. stand by those against itC. believe it harmlessD. hold the view of “wait-and-see”7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Is

19、Sugar the New Evil?B. How Much Sugar Do You Take Daily?C. Is Sugar to Be Taxed?D. How Much Do You Know about Sugar?【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今人们认为糖分的摄入会对身体造成危害，但是对于摄入量的多少并不确定，人们对于糖分的态度也各有不同。4. 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“MPs（议员）are beginning to talk of “a war on sugar”（议员们开始谈论“对糖的战争”）可知，议员们认为限制糖是非常困难

20、的，根据“even Englands chief medical officer has said sugar may have to be, like the old enemy tobacco, taxed in order to protect the nations health”（就连英国的首席医疗官也说，为了保护国民的健康，糖可能也要像烟草那样被征税）可知，糖和烟草一样，再根据第二段第一句“There came a time in the evolution of public attitudes to smoking, when the doctors had been shou

21、ting for long enough that the public was broadly aware of the risks”（公众对吸烟的态度出现了一段时间的演变，当时医生们已经大声疾呼了足够长的时间，公众对吸烟的风险有了广泛的认识）可知，转变公众对吸烟的态度是需要非常长的时间的努力的，非常艰难。所以此处提到吸烟是为了表明对当局来说，限制或禁止某事并不容易。故选B。4 细节理解题。根据倒第二段第一句中的“while adding that cutting this to five percent would have “additional benefits”（同时补充说，削减到5

22、%会有“额外的好处”）可知，WHO改变主意主要是因为它认为一定量的糖对我们有益。故选C。6. 推理判断题。根据第四段“More or less everyone agrees that eating too much sugar is bad for you. There is also no doubt obesity is a growing problem which is putting a significant, avoidable burden on the NHS by increasing the rates of diabetes, heart disease and ot

23、her long-term conditions.（或多或少每个人都同意吃太多的糖对你不好。毫无疑问，肥胖是一个日益严重的问题，它增加了糖尿病、心脏病和其他长期疾病的发病率，给NHS带来了一个可避免的重大负担。）”可知，在报道关于糖的争论时，作者似乎站在那些反对它的人一边。故选B。7. 主旨大意题。根据的主要内容，尤其第五段“But to what extent is sugarrather than saturated fats, or salt, carbohydrates or proteins, or any of the other devils of modern dietsthe

24、 cause of obesity and how much should we worry about it?”（但是，在多大程度上，是糖而不是饱和脂肪、盐、碳水化合物或蛋白质，或任何其他现代饮食中的魔鬼导致了肥胖？我们应该对它有多大的担忧?）可知，作者表述了反对糖和支持糖的人的观点，讨论糖是否是新的饮食中的魔鬼。故选A。CIn the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost

25、 his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which tal

26、ks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling toa strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorf

27、ul English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Buk

28、hara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes his

29、torical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a piece ofreportage. Whatever it is, the r

30、esult is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends invitation.B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching.D. His desire to regain health.9 . What does the underlined word that in paragraph 2 refer to

31、?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic. B. Eventful.C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.11.What is

32、 the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.【8答案】B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句中的still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，故B项符合题意。【9.答案】D【解析】考查代词指代。根据第一段第三句中的still a

33、ttracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea可知，Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词that指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件事。【10.答案】B【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society可知Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。eve

34、ntful意为”充满大事的，多变故的”，符合文意。A项在文中没有体现，C项与D项表述片面，故选B。【11.答案】A【解析】考查写作意图。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者推荐这本书，所以选A项。DThe problem of robocalls has got so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year, half of the cal

35、ls we receive will be scams(欺诈）. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, its too little and too late. By the time thesesolutionsbecome widely available

36、, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulations(处理）,and

37、automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this years Googles I/O conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detecti

38、on.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据泄露）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name

39、, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you intoconfirmingy

40、our address,mothers name,and card number.Scammers follow the money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the inse

41、cure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether

42、and moving toward data-based communications-using like FaceTime Audio or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out .12. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocall

43、s?A . Frightened . B. Confused.C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.13. Taking advantage of the new technologies, what can scammers do?A. Aim at victims precisely.B.Damage databases easily.C.Start campaigns rapidly.D. Spread information widely.14.What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.T

44、echnologies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About t

45、o Get More DangerousD.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology【12答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately,its too little and too late. By the time these solutions become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，作者认为这些解决方案太少，出现得也太晚，人们无法及时应对诈骗，由此可知作者对它们的态度是“失望的”，故选D项。【13答

46、案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.可知，自动语音电话让人头疼的原因更在于它的精准度而不是数量；再根据后文的“A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name and far more.可知，欺诈者可以获取个人信息数据。由此可知，

47、新技术可以帮助欺诈者精准地进行欺诈，故选A项。【14答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this years Googles I/O conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.可知，此处指出了声音技术的优势；第三段中的“These develo

48、pments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.又指出，这一技术上的发展会让现存的问题更糟糕。由此可知，这种声音技术有两面性，是一把双刃剑，故选B项。.【15答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。文章在第一段引出话题自动语音电话会给人们带来危害；第二段和第三段阐述产生危害的原因；第四段阐述了减轻相关危害的方法；最后一段指出信任是很难获得又很容易失去的东西，而由此引发的相关问题也会更加难以解决。整篇文章都是在逐步阐述自动语音电话愈发危险的状况，故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，

49、从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every day, we are faced with challenges and uncertainties. While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.16. Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.An opt

50、imist will be more committed towards his goals. When some people set a goal they dont account for the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that cant he removed. This is why the minute something doesnt go as planned they start to shrink and give up.17. In fact, an optimistic person will

51、 merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities. He understands that failure is just part of the process and welcomes it with open arms.18. A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 percent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence

52、 on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees. 19. Above all, optimism offers a healthier and longer life. A study from the University of Pittsburgh concluded that those who have an optimistic viewpoint have a 30 p

53、ercent lower risk of heart disease. 20 Additionally, research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that optimists are less likely to experience disabilities as they get older and end up living longer.In life, movement and growth is important and necessary, which optimism helps

54、 us achieve.A. They see failure as a new start.B. We can learn to keep optimistic.C. Optimists also spread a good atmosphere.D. They think about possible positive outcomes.E.Thats because they are generally happier and less stressed.F.On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems.

55、G.Similarly, having a positive attitude can inspire everyone around us.【答案】16. B 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. E【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了乐观是一种简单而有力的心态，可以在许多方面影响我们。16. 根据空格前一句“While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.(虽然这些都是我们无法控制的事情，但我

56、们可以很肯定地控制我们在这种情况下的反应和感受)”可知，我们虽然有很多不能控制的事情，但是却能控制我们的反映和感受；再结合文章下文“Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.(乐观是一种简单而有力的心态，可以在许多方面影响我们)”可知，空格处应该引入乐观这一主题。B项We can learn to keep optimistic(我们可以学习乐观)引出乐观这个主题。故选B。17. 根据空格前“When some people set a goal they dont account for

57、 the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that cant he removed. This is why the minute something doesnt go as planned they start to shrink and give up.(当一些人设定目标时，他们没有考虑他们遇到的问题。他们将其视为无法消除的障碍。这就是为什么一旦事情没有按计划进行，他们就会开始退缩和放弃)”可知，有些人在制定目标时没有考虑会存在的问题，所以会经常放弃。然后结合空格后“In fact, an optimistic per

58、son will merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities.(事实上，乐观的人只会把这些问题看成是新的经历和新的可能性)”可知，空格处应该陈述乐观主义者在遇到问题时该怎么办。F项On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems(另一方面，乐观的人更容易面对问题)陈述了乐观者面对问题的态度，承上启下。故选F。18. 根据下文“A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 p

59、ercent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees.(盖洛普公司开展的一项调查发现，美国只有35%的经理在专心工作。这种缺乏奉献精神及其对员工的影响每年使美国损失约770亿至960亿美元。乐观的领导者可以帮助激

60、励他们的员工)”可知，在公司中，如果领导是个乐观的人，公司的效益会很好。相反地，如果领导缺乏奉献精神那么会造成巨大的损失。由此推知，本段主要在讲述，在公司之中需要良好的氛围，这样可以带动大家。C项Optimists also spread a good atmosphere(乐观主义者也传播了一种良好的氛围)满足本段段意。故选C。19. 根据空格前一句“Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees(乐观的领导者可以帮助激励他们的员工)”可知，此处在陈述乐观的领导者会带动他的员工。由此推知，下文应该讲述乐观的人也会带动周围的人。G项Si