高中英语选择性必修二 UnitSCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionAReadingandThinking课件

1、Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS素养导航晨读晚诵素养导航晨读晚诵Florence Nightingale Told Us to Wash Hands A new exhibition celebrates the life of Florence Nightingale,an English woman whose ideas about cleanliness are important to this day.The exhibit can be seen at the Florence Nightingale Museum at St Thomas Hospit

2、al in London.It marks the 200th anniversary of Nightingales birth.The exhibit tells the story of how she overcame difficulties to become the worlds most famous nurse.The show recreates her bedroom,lets visitors hear a recording of her voice and even smell the perfume she wore.素养导航晨读晚诵 Fiona Hibberts

3、 is a nursing consultant and works for the hospitals Nightingale Academy.She described Nightingales work as “really,really important” to future generations.“Obviously,she was a forceful leader,”Hibberts said.“And we need clear,visible,strong leadership today and certainly in modern nursing.” The exh

4、ibition,called “Nightingale in 200 Objects,People & Places,”will continue for a year. St Thomas is one of a small number of hospitals in Britain with an area for the treatment of coronavirus patients.素养导航晨读晚诵 “The emphasis on sanitation(卫生设备),good hygiene(卫生),fresh air,exercise,good food.no matter h

5、ow much we advance,those fundamental principles of Florence are still very much the basis of modern nursing,”Hibberts noted.“Its the same old message.Wash your hands.” Nightingale became world famous after she and a small team of medical workers traveled to modern-day Istanbul during the Crimean War

6、.It was fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula in the middle of the 1850s.素养导航晨读晚诵 Nightingale helped treat British soldiers wounded in the fighting.In an unclean hospital,she saws thousands of soldiers die from infectious diseases.Their deaths led to her decision to try to improve conditions. The l

7、amp she used when visiting patients at night is on show at the exhibition,as is the nurses uniform she created. Yvonne Moores is Chair of the Florence Nightingale Foundation and Britains former national Chief Nursing Officer.“If Florence Nightingale herself were here,she would be supporting all that

8、s being said at the moment.She was absolutely into infection control,hand washing,being very observant,”she said.素养导航晨读晚诵词海拾贝anniversary n.周年纪念日recreate vt.再现perfume n.香水consultant n.顾问infectious adj.传染的absolutely adv.绝对地素养导航晨读晚诵典句欣赏If Florence Nightingale herself were here,she would be supporting a

9、ll thats being said at the moment.译文:如果弗洛伦斯南丁格尔本人在这里的话,她也会支持此刻所说的一切。分析:she would be supporting all是主句,thats being said at the moment是定语从句,If Florence Nightingale herself were here是条件状语从句。素养导航晨读晚诵探究思辨1.When do you think Florence Nightingale was born?2.What else do you know about Florence Nightingale?

10、答案:1.She was born in 1820.2.She is known as “The Lady with the Lamp”.She was a pioneer of modern nursing,a writer and a noted statistician.Section AReading and Thinking.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.cholera n.2.diarrhoea n.3.dehydration n.4.contradictory adj. 5.germ n.6.pump n.7.household n. 8.raw adj. 9.pure adj.

11、霍乱 腹泻脱水相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的微生物;细菌;病菌泵;抽水机;打气筒一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的干净的;纯的;纯粹的10.statistic n.pl. 11.epidemiology n.12. adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的13. adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的14. vt.使感染;传染 n.感染;传染15. vt.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)16. n.证据;证明;检验17. adj.数量多的;多种多样的18. vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象19. vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责n.责备;指责统计

12、数字;统计资料;统计学流行病学severefrustratedinfectinfectionsubscribeproofmultiplesuspectblame20. n.把手;拉手;柄vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)21. n.介入;出面;干涉22. n.联系;纽带vt.把连接起来;相关联23. adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的24. n.减少;降低;减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低25. vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变26. n.显微镜handleinterventionlinksubstantialdecreasetransformmicro

13、scope重点短语1. 最终地;彻底地2. 同意;赞同3. 幸亏;由于4. 水泵5. 照料;照顾6.die from 7.give birth 8.in general 9.find out 10.as a result of.once and for allsubscribe tothanks towater pumpattend to死于分娩一般来说查明由于重点句式1.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.

14、2.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.阅读导学A.阅读P2P3课文,根据事件发生的先后顺序排序。()John Snow began to test two theories.()An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.()John Snow marked the deaths on a map.()He announced that the water carrie

15、d the disease.()John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.()King Cholera was defeated.()He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.()He had the handle removed from the water pump.21537486B.根据P2P3课文内容,选择正确答案。1.Why did John Snow become frustrated?A.An outbreak

16、of cholera hit Europe.B.Nobody knew how to prevent or treat cholera.C.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases.D.He had to attend to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.2.How did John Snow do the research?A.By using maps and statistics.B.By drinking the water himself.C.By questioning the pa

17、tients.D.By experimenting with himself.答案:B答案:A3.Why had some households had no deaths?A.Beer was a cure for the disease.B.They lived far away from the water pump.C.They had not drunk the water from the pump.D.They worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.4.How did John Snow stop the people from usin

18、g the water from the pump?A.By telling people that the water was polluted.B.By asking water companies to sell pure water.C.By removing the handle of the water pump.D.By drinking more free beer.答案:C答案:C重点词汇重点句式随堂练习1.Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种理论。【词汇精讲】subscribe vt.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费

19、);同意;捐助She subscribes to an environmental action group.她定期给一个环境行动小组交会费。The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe.该杂志正大力发展更多新订户。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】subscribe to订阅subscribe to the view/theory同意观点/理论subscribe for预定;认购How many shares did you subscribe for the new company?你在这家新公司认购了多少股?I plan

20、ned to subscribe to many magazines.我计划订阅许多杂志。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习2.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵是元凶。【词汇精讲1】suspect vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.我怀疑引擎出毛病了。Shes not going to be very happy about this,I suspect

21、.我怀疑她会因为这个不高兴的。Police have issued a photograph of the suspect.警方已经发布了犯罪嫌疑人的照片。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】suspect sb/sth of.怀疑某人/某事suspect sb of doing.怀疑某人做Pilcher was suspected of giving away the companys secrets to others.皮尔彻涉嫌将公司的秘密泄露给他人。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇精讲2】blame vt.把归咎于;责怪;指责n.责备;指责You shouldnt

22、 blame this accident on him;after all its not up to him to make the decision.你不该把这次事故归咎于他,毕竟不是他一个人决定的。Youve failed to do what you were expected to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.你没做成期望你做的事,我担心老师会责备你。You cant expect Terry to take all the blame.你不能指望特里承担所有的责任。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】(1)blame sb/st

23、h for sth因而责备某人/某物blame sth on sb把某事怪到某人头上(2)get/take the blame for.为承担责任lay/put the blame on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某物(3)be to blame(for)应受指责Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.许多人发现早上起床很难,并把责任归咎于闹钟。Dont always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes

24、 you yourself are to blame.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。有时该怪的是你自己。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【温馨提示】be to blame for sth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”,其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习3.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此,他把水泵的把手取下来了,以便无法用水。【词汇精讲】handle n.把手;拉手;柄vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)The man

25、gave me a knife with a carved wooden handle.那人给了我一把有雕刻木柄的刀。There are several ways to handle things.有几种方法可以处理事情。Computers can handle huge amounts of data.电脑可以处理大量的数据。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习4.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies

26、in London.此外,斯诺后来能够表明其他霍乱病例和伦敦不同的自来水公司之间的联系。【词汇精讲】link n.联系;纽带vt.把连接起来;相关联To understand this concept,we look at the link between law and ethics.要理解这一概念,我们先看一下法律和伦理之间的联系。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】link up(with)连接;结合link.with/to.把与连接;联系The hearts of the people

27、 of all the nationalities are linked to each other.我国各族人民心连心。Is he the man who had different sections of the walls linked up?是不是他让人把城墙各个部分连接起来的?重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习5.Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substant

28、ial decrease.通过斯诺的不懈努力,自来水公司开始销售清洁用水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。【词汇精讲】decrease n.减少;降低;减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低There has been a steady decrease of temperature.温度在稳步下降。Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunk driving,the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased.由于对酒后驾驶的严格的交通法规,酒后驾驶导致的事故的数量大大减少了。

29、重点词汇重点句式随堂练习We have decreased our involvement in childrens books.我们减少了对儿童读物的参与。【词汇拓展】decrease to减少到decrease by减少了on the decrease在减少Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.去年房子的平均价格下降了13%。The number of students going abroad for further study is on the decrease nowadays.当下去国外继续深造的学生数量在不断减少。重点词

30、汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习6.Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的工作,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。【词汇精讲】thanks to幸亏;由于Thanks to your hard work,we can finish the task ahead of schedule.多亏了你的努力工作,我们能提前完成任务。Thanks to modern science and technology,people lead a more and

31、more comfortable and rich life.多亏了现代科技,人们的生活越来越舒适、越来越富裕。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】表示“因为;由于”的短语due to由于;因为because of由于;因为on account of由于owing to由于;因为as a result of由于的结果重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习7.Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。【词汇精讲】transform vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变

32、It was an event that would transform my life.那是能够改变我生活的一件事。A fresh coat of paint can transform a room beyond recognition.新涂的一层油漆可以使房间焕然一新。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【词汇拓展】o.使变成o.把从变成It is a surprise that the city has been transformed from a small town into a modern industrial center

33、in recent ten years.真令人惊奇,在近十年中这个城市由一个小乡镇转变成了一个现代化的工业中心。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习1.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵的水,所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。It seemed是主句,that the woman liked.是表语从句,so.that.引

34、导的是结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,had it delivered是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,由于it和deliver有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。There is something wrong with my watch and I must have it repaired.我的表坏了,我必须找人修理一下。I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理发了。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【句式拓展】“have+宾语+过去分词形式”的用法(1)表示请(让)别人做某事Can I have this parcel weighed here?我可以

35、在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?(2)表示经历或遭遇了某事He had his finger cut this morning.今天早晨他把手指割破了。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习(3)表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事I have had all my mistakes corrected.我把所有的错误都改正了。(4)表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤其与wont,cant 等连用)。We wont have anything said against the teacher.我们不允许有人这样攻击老师。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习2.The people who drank thi

36、s water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。句中两个who引导的是定语从句,分别修饰the people和those。be likely to do意为“可能做”。The price is likely to go down because of the competition.由于竞争,价格可能会下降。You are likely to suffer from bad health if

37、 you keep smoking.如果继续吸烟,你的身体健康会受到损害。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习【句式拓展】(1)Its likely that.很可能(2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的be unlikely to.不可能It is likely that they can understand us better and give us some reasonable advice.他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。Its most unlikely that shell arrive before seven.她极不可能在七点前到达。【温馨提示】英语中有“It is

38、 likely that.”和“sb/sth be likely to do sth”的用法,但没有“It is likely for sb/sth to do sth”的用法。重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习重点词汇重点句式随堂练习.课文语法填空John Snow,a well-known doctor in London,became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people who (expose) to cholera,a deadly disease of its day. (thousand) of people died every ti