材料科学相关英文术语

1、仪器分析方法：差热分析：Differential thermal analysis,简称 DTA差示扫描量热法：Differential scanning calorimetry，简称 DSC 热重法：Thermogravimetry，简称 TGCharacterization, property, crystalline, inorganic, nanoscale, emphasis, solids, periodic, crystal, bonding, structure, diffraction, classical, quantum models, electronic, appli

2、cations, semiconductors, chemical, structure-property relationships, synthesis methods, optical, electronic, junction, nanomaterials, real space lattices, reciprocal lattice and diffraction, diffraction/phase diagrams, band theory（能带理论）,photonic, amorphous, synthetic biomaterials, infrared, conducti

3、ng, polymers, solar cells, plasmonics, dielectrics, classifications, natural, artificial, ceramics, alloy, ferroelectrics, superconductors, magnetic, optical, microelectronic, surface engineering, superalloys, structural, composites, composition, biological, measure, characterize, remake, experiment

4、alist, theoretician, materials by design, characterization techniques, crystallography, X-ray/electron scattering, microscopy, spectroscopy, scanning probes, electrical, magnetic, materials modeling, advanced, experimental, optimization, integration, certification, manufacturing, initiative, acceler

5、ation, liquid, resistance, planes, chains, diode（二极管）, transistors（晶 体 管）,zeolites（沸 石）,catalysis, separation, purification, hexagon（六 边 形）, pentagon（五边形）,spherical, fullerene（富勒烯）,allotrope（同素异形体）,graphene, dimethyl（二甲 基），size-dependent property, solution, discrete（分裂的，不连续的）,bandgap（能带隙）,periodicit

6、y, quartz, formation, kinetics, favorable kinetics, periodic, array, atom, ion, molecules, lattice, symmetry（对称性）,Bravais lattices, orientation, vector（矢量）,constant（常数）,zincblende, miller indices, crystallography, planes, directions, row, d-spacing, individual, set of, equivalent, axis, intercept（截

7、距）,specify, lattice directions, quasicrystals（准 晶 体）,diagonal（对角线）, interpenetrate（互相渗透）,hexagonal close packed（hcp,密方六排结构）,crystallography 晶体学, integer 整数,inverse intercept 截距的倒数,axes 轴的复数,reciprocal 倒数,equivalent, symmetry 对称性，perpendicular 垂直的，parallelepiped 平行六面体，translational invariance 平移不变性，p

8、oint symmetry 点对称，aperiodic 非周期性的（quasi-periodic）, binary 二元的, ternary 三元的，intermetallic 金属间的，geology 地质学，spectroscopy 光谱学，pyrite 黄铁矿, galena 方铅矿，coordination number（CN,配位数），surface plasmon resonance（SPR,表面等离 子共振），quantum dots 量子点，coprecipitation 共沉淀，high-temperature decomposition 高温 分解法，micro-emuls

9、ion微乳液法，gel-sol溶胶凝胶法，sonochemistry超声化学法，laser pyrolysis 激光分解法，biotinylated 生物素化，real-time 实时 longitudinal relaxation 纵向弛 豫，transverse relaxation 横向弛豫，superparamagnetic 超顺磁性，boundary effects 边界效应, intergration by parts 分步积分，curie temperature 居里温度，ferromagnetic 铁磁性，aperiodic 非周期性的，stereograms立体图，pyrit

10、e黄铁矿，galena方铅矿，cosine余弦，sine正弦, tangent 正切，stoichiometry 化学计量学，thermochemistry 热化学，enthalpy 焓，electron spin 电子旋转，Pauli exclusion principle保利不相容原理，electron affinity电子亲和性, electronegativity 电负性,energetics 动力学，covalent bonding 共价键，molecular geometry 分 子几何学,bonding theories 键合理论,chemical kinetics 化学动力学,

11、classical thermodynamics 经典热力学，entropy熵，Gibbs free energy吉布斯自由能，crystal field theory,晶体场理论, mineralogy 矿物学,metallurgy 冶金学,array 排列,hollow 空隙,stack 堆垛,repulsion 排斥 力，coordination number 配位数，packing efficiency 致密度，density 晶体密度，tetrahedrons 四面体，pentagons 五角形，constituent 构成的/成分，spatial dimensions 三维空间，a

12、rbitrary 随意的,planar平面的,enantiomorphic对映体,parallelepiped平行六面体,coplanar共面的, perpendicular 垂直的，adjacent 邻近的，interplanar spacing 平面间距，parallel 平行的， fractional 分数的，ionization energy 电离能，cation 阳离子，anion 阴离子，electrostatic 静电 的,covalency 共价,intermolecular force 分子力,dipole-dipole force 偶极作用,rock salt 岩盐， al

13、kali 碱 halide 卤化物，hydride 氢键，octahedra 八面体，polyhedral 多面体的，arsenide 砷 化物，fluorite 萤石，calcium 钙，hole 空隙，antifluorite 反萤石，wurtzite 纤维锌矿，van der Waals attraction 范德瓦尔斯力，rutilelTiO?）金红石，spinel 尖晶石，perovskite 钙钛矿， Ilmenite 钛铁矿，radii（radius 的名词复数），Lanthanide contraction 镧系收缩，proportional 比 例的，interlocking

14、联锁的，valence原子价，brittle易碎的，silica硅石,二氧化硅，large coefficient of expansion 扩散系数,Band model 能带模型,silicates 硅酸盐,polymorphic 多晶 形的,quartz 石英,ionization energy 离子能,electron affinity 电子亲和势,lattice energy 晶格 能，magnitudes 数级，permittivity 介电常数，permittivity of vacuum 真空介电常数，equation 方程式，polarizable 可极化的，molten s

15、tate 熔融状态，solubility 溶解度，solvent 溶剂，polar solvent极性溶剂，句子：Materials Chemistry is the foundation for the field of Nanoscience and technology.材料化学是纳米科学技术领域的基石。Bandgap is size dependent.能带隙是跟尺寸相关的。Amorphous materials: No long-range structural orderCrystalline materials: Possess long-range periodicityIde

16、al Crystal: A perfect periodic array of atoms/ions/molecules.-Represented by an infinite lattice of pointswith one or more atoms attached each lattice point.=BasisLattice: An infinite array of points in spaceCrystal structure: The periodic arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules in a crystal. It can be

17、described by associating with each lattice point a group of atoms called the BASIS （or MOTIF）Unit Cell: A volume of the crystal that, via pure translational repetition, generates the entire crystal without overlaps or voids.Bravais Lattice: An infinite array of points with an arrangement and orienta

18、tion that looks exactly the same from any lattice point.2D BRAVAIS LATTICES3D BRAVAIS LATTICESPRIMITIVE UNIT CELLSThe smallest volume of space that can generate the entire crystal when translated through all primitive translation vectors of the Bravais lattice.Unit cell contentsCounting the number o

19、f atoms within the unit cellMiller indicesIn crystallography， it is convenient to describe planes and directions with respect to the crystallattice using a set of three integers (hkl) called Miller indices (1839)In ionic crystals, ions pack themselves so as to maximize the attractions and minimize repulsions between the ions.A more efficient packing improves these interactions. Placing