名词词义辨析课件

1、 名词词义辨析中学个性化 王安妮 名词在高考中的考查重点： 一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现，绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析，名词和表示数量词结合的考查，以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。 解题方法：1. 熟记近义名词的辨析2. 熟记常见的不可数名词，单复数同形的名词，形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况，如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化4. 掌握名词的所有格5. 注意(复合

2、)名词作定语时可单可复6. 熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用 1. clothes,cloth,clothing clothes: 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数cloth: 指布，为不可数名词(指某特殊用途的布时可数 clothes)clothing: 服装的总称，指一件衣服apieceof,anarticleofe.g. Most of our clothes are made of cloth. Customers are quite satisfied with our table clothes. Food and clothing are being trained to the q

3、uake-hit areas. This shop sells articles of mens clothing. 2. sound,voice,noise sound: 自然界各种各样的声音voice: 人的嗓音noise: 噪音e.g. Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside. We couldnt hear a sound here. 3. family,house,home home: 家，住所，强调一个人成长，居住的环境和地方house: 房子，住宅，建筑物本身family: 家庭，家庭成员 e.g. The two guys were seen . He post a

4、photo of his family which was suspected to be a fake one. 5. approach，means，method，wayapproach-原指接近某人或某物, 也可指对待或处理的方式或方法 1)approach to a place 2)approach to a task/problem/situationmeans-用于抽象意义, 可指为达到某目的而采用的方法、计划、 政策、策略等, 尤指整套的方法, 1)means of doing sth. 2) do sth. by means of 3)by all means 4)by no m

5、eans 用于具体意义, 常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机 器、用具、车船等 1)means of transportation method-指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法, 强调条理性及高效率 1)teaching method/design method 2)the method of doing/to do sth.way-意为 “方式, 方法”, 可指具体的方法, 也可指抽象的方法, 多指 一 般的思想、行动、办事的方法, 也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等 1) a way of doing/to do sth. 6. access，passage，way，approachacc

6、ess-指拥有某物，可以使用和利用某物approach-含有取得，获得某物的过程 的意思waythe way to do/of doing方法passage走廊，通道【2009 浙江】The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. passage C. way D. approach 7. in terms of，in need of， in favor of，in praise of【2011 湖北卷,30】W

7、hen asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need ofC. in favor of D. in praise of 8. a number of ，amount of ， a quantity of ，an average ofa number of -许多 后接可数名词复数amount of -一般加不可数名词表数量, a quantity of- 既可以加

8、可数也可以加不可数an average of-表示平均数量 【2010 江西】Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantity out of shape 变形out of date -过时out of order -混乱out of balance -失衡10. out of shape, out of date, out of order,

9、 out of balance 【2006 广东】You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of_.A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 11. exchange，bargain，trade，businessexchange交易，交换，兑换，交易所bargain交易，契约，协议，便宜货trade贸易，交易business商业，生意，事情 12. atmosphere，state，situation，surroundingatmosphere气氛，氛围，大气，大气层state状态，情形，国家

10、，州situation情形，形势，局面surrounding环境，周围的事物 【2008 湖北】The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon 13. out of touch, out of sight, out of reach, out of distanceout of touch不联系，不接触out of sight看不见，在视野之外out of reach手够不着，拿不到out of dista

11、nce远离=far away 【2011 四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrensA. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance sight-“景色”是可数名词时，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“景”和“名胜”，但尤指人工制成的景。 One of the beautiful sights is the castle.那城堡是美景中的一个。scenery-不可数名词，含不管是否映入眼帘的风景。指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。 The ro

12、ad passes through the most charming scenery. scene场面，情景，现场 scene of the crime 犯罪现场。view-从一个特定点观看到的景物, (尤指美丽的乡村的自然)风景/光、景色。多指从某一位置(如某一高处、远处、通过窗户等某个角度所看见的)景物、风景The mountain hotel offered magnificent views. You can get a wonderful view at the top the hill. 14. sight，scenery, scene, view 【2007 安徽】The pr

13、actice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance【答案】C【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】sight 风景;look 表情，样子;sign 迹象, 现象;appearance 出现, 显露。 【2007 陕西】He and his wife are of the same_ ;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.

14、heart D.mind 16. Power，strength, force, energypower权力，权势strength力气，优势force力，武力energy精力 17.【2007 山东】I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. varietyaffair私事，事情，（关系不长久的）风流韵事 Married male supervisors were carrying on affairs with female subordinates in

15、the office. event事件，重要事情，大事 major sporting events 重大体育赛事matter问题 a matter of time 时间问题 18. sense和 feeling【2005 浙江】I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good_ of direction.A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense 【答案】 D【解析】sense of direction指“方向感”。feeling指“感觉”，除身体外，还可指心理上的感觉。idea是“想法，意见”，experience意思是“经历”。 19. content，contest, concep