第1次课录屏先看录屏说明2004托福阅读tina讲义1v2

1、Lesson（事实信息题Lesson（事实信息题题型法/考点词/逻辑词：默版的思维导图，参考下图云课前资料 思维导词汇题长难课前论录屏题型专项练习划讲义作业2004阅读课程说 2.Df($ =u9 3.* a f AncientParagraph 1: Information on past climates is primarily of relevance to because of what ls us about the effects on the land and on 2.Df($ =u9 3.* a f AncientParagraph 1: Information on pa

2、st climates is primarily of relevance to because of what ls us about the effects on the land and on the tpeople needed to survive. The most l effect of climate was on the ty of land available in each period, y studying ancient ve o the he last few centuries as the North sometimes push the sea farthe

3、r back, creating new land, as at Ephesus in Turkey,aportonthecoastinsbuttodaysomefivekilometershepassageiseaningThewordgnaws its way westward erodes the Conversely, silts ited by Thesehaveconstantlythroughtime,eveninrelativelyrecentperiods,asbe seen from the Neolithic stone circle of Er Lannic, in B

4、rittany, France (once inland but now half submerged on an island) or medieval villages in east 满题目分析参Which of the below best expresses the essential information in he passage? Incorrect change the meaning importantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.（句简化题In the last few Which of the below best expres

5、ses the essential information in he passage? Incorrect change the meaning importantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.（句简化题In the last few centuries, the of coastline created the Neolithic circle in Brittany, France, at the same villagesinYorkshire,England.（主错误t it destroyed the Recent he coastlines

6、 near the Neolithic stone circle of Er Lannic Brittany, France, and the medieval villages in Yorkshire, England, suggestancient coastlines changed in similar ways.（中有）Changes in coastlines can lead to the creation of islands such as Er Lannic France or the total of cliffs as in Yorkshire in England,

7、 though considerable changes have occurred in recent periods. （creation符主/These have changed constantly through time, even relativelyrecentAccording to paragraph 1, the city of Ephesus in western Turkey is an whichofthefollowing?（的题le PortTheoceansvelostshorelineduetotheheformationofnewofTheimportan

8、ceofchangesinshorelinetocitieslocatedRecent changes he vehecreationofnewCoastlines have changed even in recent times as shown by the current ofcertainNeolithicmonumentsandmedievalhighlighted班同学Vicky瑾的优秀分析S：的题例D：EphesusinwesternTurkeysilts ited by rivers farther creating new as at Ephesus in western

9、Turkey, a port on the coast in timesbuttoday班同学Vicky瑾的优秀分析S：的题例D：EphesusinwesternTurkeysilts ited by rivers farther creating new as at Ephesus in western Turkey, a port on the coast in timesbuttodaysomefivekilometersParagraph 2: Nevertheless, for archaeologists concerned with long periods of time of

10、 the Paleolithic period there are variations in coastlines of much greater to consider. The and contraction of the continental glaciers caused（逻辑）huge and uneven rises and falls in sea levels worldwide. When the grew, the sea level would drop as water became locked up in bridges, such as those linki

11、ng Alaska to northeast Asia and Britain to northwest Europe, a phenomenon with far-reaching effects not only on human colonization of the globe but also on environment as a wholethe flora and fauna of isolated or insular areas radically and often irreversibly affected. n Alaska and Asia s Bering Str

12、ait, which is so t a fall in sea level of only four meters turn o a land bridge. When the ice sheets were at their greatest extent 18,000 years ago (the lum), it is t the fall was about meters,which thereforecreated notmerely abridge but a vastplain, 1000fromthenorthtothesouth,whichhasbeencalledBeri

13、ngia.Theexistenceof(and the extent to which it could have supported human life ) is one of the lof he continuing debate about the likely route and date of colonizationoftheNewWhich of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the effects climatechangeduringthePaleolithicperiod?（推理题Theamou

14、ntoflandnotcoveredbywaterwasgreaterduringWarmerweatherencouragedtheoftherangeoffloraandAsaresultofcolderweather,landbridgesbecameTheriseofsealeveloccurredduringperiodsofcoldS：推理D：选项定S：When the heets as water became locked up the sea would push the C5. By t flora and fauna of isolated or insular area

15、s were “irreversibly affected” by the changes due to the Ice Age, the C5. By t flora and fauna of isolated or insular areas were “irreversibly affected” by the changes due to the Ice Age, the author means t the flora and fauna were （词汇题）unabletoreturntotheirpreviousinaconstanteofydestroyedbyhumanune

16、venlydistributedacrosstheIrreversibly（不可逆的）=unabletoreturntotheirpreviousAccordingtoparagraph2,allofthefollowingaretrueofBeringiaItmayhavebeenusedbythepeopleItmayhavebeenlargeenoughtosupportcolonizedItwasprobablystillfourmetersunderwaterduringthe ItwasprobablyavastS：排除倒数第3afallinsealevelofonlyfourme

17、tersCstillfourmetersunder倒2 When the ice sheets were at their greatest extent some 18,000 years ago um), it is t the fall was about 120 meters （C错误ltherefore created not merely a bridge but a vast plain（D正确）, 1000 fromthenorthtothesouth,whichhasbeencalled倒1TheexistenceofBeringia(andtheextenttowhichi

18、tcouldhavesupportedlife（B正确）) is one of the l of he continuing debate thelikelyrouteanddateofhumancolonizationoftheNewworld.（A正确7. What e does the about Beringia Strait in paragraph 2 serve thepassage?（的题It explains the t changes in coastlines do not sarily result significantalterationstoexistingmar

19、ine（原未提及It provides a large amount of archaeological t casts doubt changesinsealevelduringthePaleolithicperiod.significantalterationstoexistingmarine（原未提及It provides a large amount of archaeological t casts doubt changesinsealevelduringthePaleolithicperiod.（证明没有怀疑It shows how ancient coastlines can

20、serve as useful ms in understanding recent changes in coastlines. （的不符）的题【第4节课讲借助第6题可知，讲到的 “sea level, vast plain, it could have supported human life, human colonization” 意思是候变化导致land availability（地Paragraph 3: The assessment of past rises and falls in sea level requires study submerged land off the

21、 coast and of raised or elevated beaches on Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the Californian coast north of San Francisco. The height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, not genera

22、lly give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sear level. the majority of cases, the at a higher level because the land has raised up through ic uplift or tectonic movements. ic uplift of the occurs when the weight of ice is removed as temperatures rise, as of an age, it has affect

23、ed coastlines, for le, in Scandinavia, Scotland, Alaska, l period. Tectonic movements raisedduring he t make up Earths crust, Middle and Late heMediterraneanareoneinstanceofhepassageiseaningto（词汇题8. ThewordsAccording to paragraph 3, why is the height of a raised beach not straightforwardindicatorofp

24、astsealevel?（细节题Theheightofthe ayhavebeenraisedor alteredbyIt illustrates the kind of t variations in land availability caused climatechangecanheshoreTheheightoftheaybetheresultofoverabriefperiodoft level for any It is difficult to assess heshoreTheheightoftheaybetheresultofoverabriefperiodoft level

25、 for any It is difficult to assess if the sea actually existed periodofS：细节D：heightofaraisedbeach,S：The height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, does not generally give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sear level.（应有解释说明G：land has been raised up through 对应

26、Dic uplift or tectonic movements.（原因10. According to paragraph 3, which of the following causes an ic uplift? （节题ShiftsinEarthsAhereofthickAChangesinseaS：细节D： icic uplift of the land occurs temperaturesrise,asofaniceage,saffectedG：温度的升造成冰的质量减少，对应 sheets，Bhe re of thick Paragraph 4: Raised beaches of

27、ten consist of areas of sand, pebbles, or sometimes containing or piles of debris comprising and bones mounds of marine animals used by okyo Bay, for le, Jomon period (about 10,000 to 300 B.C.E ) mark ition of the shoreline at time um inundation by the sea (6,5005,500 years ago), when, tectonic move

28、ment, the sea was three to five meters higher in relation to the weight of ice is removed The surface of Earth may have shifted, moving the beach from its contemporary landmass of n at ysis of the s has confirmed the arine topography, for it is only during t subtropical species of mullosc are presen

29、t, indicating a higher hecontemporary landmass of n at ysis of the s has confirmed the arine topography, for it is only during t subtropical species of mullosc are present, indicating a higher hepassageiseaningto（词汇题11. Thewordtakenmadeup12. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 ab

30、out Tokyo Bay? （断题The coastal land currently available is n it was during the TheheightofraisedbeachesaroundTokyoBayisapoorindicatorofancientThe water okyo Bay is lower at present n it was during Tectonic movement during the Jomon period was not responsible for formationofTokyoBaysraisedS：推断D：选项定oky

31、o Baythrough tectonic movement,（D错误） the sea was three to meters higher（A错误，应为bigger B错误 raised ） in relation to the landmass of n at ysis of the s themselves has the changes in marine topography, for it is only during um tsubtropicalspeciesofmolluskarepresent,indicatingahigherwaterParagraph 4: Rais

32、ed beaches often consist of areas of sand, pebbles, or sometimes containing or piles of debris comprising and bones mounds of marine animals used by humans. okyo Bay, for le, Jomon period (about 10,000 to 300 B.C.E ) mark ition of the shoreline at time um inundation by the sea (6,5005,500 years ago)

33、, when, Jomontectonic movement, the sea was three to five meters higher in relation to contemporarylandmassofn at present. ysis of the s hastectonic movement, the sea was three to five meters higher in relation to contemporarylandmassofn at present. ysis of the s has confirmed the arine topography,

34、for it is only during t subtropical species of mullosc are present, indicating a higher 13. Look at the four squares t indicate where the following sentence could addedtothepassage（句插题The location of these heaps of rubbish can be an accurate indicator rWherewouldthesentencebestthese表前已经讲过heapsofrubb

35、ishaccurate indicator of r 14. Directions: roductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer t express the most important ideas in the passage. Some do he summary because they t are not passage or are minor he passage. This quest

36、ion is worth 2 （总结题Changes in climate have altered Earths coastlines and theirAnswer Changing coastlines affect the total amount of land available for people to on. 第1段（思维导图段落总结 The expan and contraction of glaciers caused rises and falls in sea levels all over the world and in some areas, led to ra

37、dical changes heir flora and fauna. Raised beaches, whi ay contain indicators of human activity, are often The climate t led to alterations The climate t led to alterations in the coastlines of San Scandinavia,Scotland,Alaska,andNewfoundlandisolatedflourishedtogether.（第段中细节，不选d Because raised beache

38、s along the Mediterranean Sea were caused by tectonic movements,theycontainabundantevidenceofancientcivilizations.（选resultoficupliftsandtectonic第9题，题notastraightforwardindicator=may【】：Animalhe Rain very 【】：Animalhe Rain very visible if the animal was sitting in an area yellowish greenishParagraph In

39、 the green-to yellow lighting conditions of lowest levels of the forest, yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not 6 6 2. Which of the Incorrect below best expresses the change the meaning in important ways leaveoutessential#6 6 2. Which

40、of the Incorrect below best expresses the change the meaning in important ways leaveoutessential#When an animal is signaling in an area with green-to yellow lighting conditionits signal will not be visible if the isbrightlylit. 62#helowestlevelsoftheforest,ananimalssignalsarenotreenishbackground.see

41、nunlessthereisa#he green-to-yellow lighting conditions at the lowest levels the forest, only brightenoughtobet are themselves green or yellow will ostareas.#Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near forest floor, these colors would make poor signals whenever forestbackgroundwasheg

42、reen-to-yellowTPO-15AWarm-Bloodeds carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough the blood s carrying warm blood from the body to pick some heat from the warmer blood s; thus, the heat Paragraph In a countercurrent exchange system, the 3. Which of the below best expresses the Incorrect ch

43、ange the meaning in important ways leaveoutessentialIn a turtles3. Which of the below best expresses the Incorrect change the meaning in important ways leaveoutessentialIn a turtles countercurrent exchange system, outgoing near enough tcan be exchanged from thelatterbeforereachingtheturtles主1主Within

44、 the turtles flippers, there is a countercurrent t allows colder blood s to absorb heat from warmerblood s and then return warmed blood to the In a countercurrent exchange system, a turtle can pick up heatfrombeingcloseenoughtootherturtles,thusraisingitstemperatureasitpassesWhen a turtle its counter

45、current warmer blood ve its flippers close to its body, it is able to exchange system to transfer heat from s in its body to the cooler blood s in TPO-18heNetherlandsandParagraph6:Thekey hesofthesecountrieswith high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to ernational of labor

46、 determined by the ingoing transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing s before reachestheflipperindustrializers and to 2) stake out areas of lization ernationalmarketsforwhichtheywerellywell（化程度）4. Which of the below best expresses the Incorrectindustrializers and to 2) stake out areas of lization

47、 ernationalmarketsforwhichtheywerellywell（化程度）4. Which of the below best expresses the Incorrect change the meaning in important ways leaveoutessential主1主2:3错，主主1主2:2错，主1主2, 主干Paragraph6:Thekey hesofthesecountrieswith high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability adapt to oflabor determi

48、ned by the ernationalmarketsforwhichtheywerellywellThe early industrializers controlled most of economy, leaving these countries to stake out new areas lizationalongtheAided by their high literacy these countries were able claim key areas of within markets主of ernationalmarkets tosuittheirpt ernation

49、alernationalestablished by the industrializers） ited to these countries,established by the industrializers） ited to these countries, a key s. ernational of labor （SDS】G。ionandSDS】G。ionandParagraph 3: Early in his research, Kramer t migratorybirdsbecameveryrestlessataboutthetimetheyhave begun migrati

50、on in the wild. Furthermore, t as they fluttered around in the cage, they often themselves in the direction of their normal route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and t their ion was, in he proper direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times was no clear direction to th

51、eir t their ion was, in he proper direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times was no clear direction to their restless movements. surmised, t they were orienting according to ition of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of Sun and used mirrors to change its ition. He t u

52、nder these , the birds oriented with respect the new Sun. They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose ways?Obviously,moretestingwasin6. According to paragraph 3, why did Kramer use mirrors c

53、hangetheitionoftheTotesttheeffectoflightonthebirdsTotestwhetherbirdswereusingtheSunto!To simulate the shifting of light the birds would encounter theirregularmigratoryTocausethebirdstomigrateatadifferenthenthey / DmirrorSUNSTo test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and mirrorstochangeits T

54、otest thisidea| |they were orientingaccording itionoftheitionofTotest thisidea| |they were orientingaccording itionoftheitionofthe 15f 7. According to paragraph 3, when do caged WhentheweatherisWhentheyareunabletoidentifytheirnormalmigratoryWhentheirnormaltimeformigrationWhen mirrors are used to cha

55、nge the ition of Paragraph 5: In experimenting l suns, Kramer eresting discovery. If the l Sun sionary, the birds would shift their direction with respect to at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Suns rate of across the sky. Apparently, the birds were t Sun they saw was moving visible, however

56、, the birds t rate. When the real Sun ained a direction as it tsomecompensatefortheSunsmovement.Thisofbiologicalclockwasoperating-andaverypreciseclock8. According to paragraph 5, how did the birds fly when the SunwasTheykeptthedirectionoftheirflight8. According to paragraph 5, how did the birds fly

57、when the SunwasTheykeptthedirectionoftheirflightThey changed the direction of their a rate of 15 perTheykeptflyingtowardtheTheylhesame directionas thet were seeing 9. The experiment described in paragraph 5 caused Kramer tsessabiologicalclockbirds navigate they are able to compensate for itionoftheh

58、ebirds innate bearings keep them oriented in a within15degreesoftheSunst birds migration is triggered by natural suchasitionofthebirds shift their direction at a rate of 15 degrees whethertheSunisvisibleorSymbioticParagraph 2: Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship which anism, the paras

59、ite, derives its food at the of its symbiotic te, the host. Parasites are usually n their hosts. An le of a parasite is a t insideestinesofalargeranimalandabsorbsnutrientsitshost.Naturalselectionfavorstheinsideestinesofalargeranimalandabsorbsnutrientsitshost.Naturalselectionfavorsthet are best able

60、find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities hosts are also selected for. As an le, plants make toxic to fungal and bacterial parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple ernal21.Acc