高中英语 Module 6 Introduction and Reading同步 外研版必修1

1、Module 6 The Internet and TelecommunicationsIntroduction Reading and Vocabulary . 速记单词1. 音意记忆。crashlogsoftwarebreakdownsourcedatanetworkdocumentmilitary2. 形意记忆。(1)_(vt. )包含, 包括container(n. )容器(2)_(n. )接近, 通路_(adj. )易接近的(3)_(n. )保护; 防卫_(vt. )防卫(4)create(vt. )创造, 创造_(n. )创造力_(adj. )有创造性的(5)_(n. )百分数pe

2、rcent(n. )百分之(6)_(vt. )设计designer(n. )设计者(7)invent(v. ) 创造_(n. )创造(8)_(v. ) 许可_(n. )许可containaccessaccessibledefencedefendcreationcreativepercentagedesigninventionpermitpermission. 短语互译1. log on_2. log off_3. click on_4. at the moment_5. from that moment on _登录注销点击目前从那时起6. 包含; 由组成_7. 作为而知名_8. 和, 也_9

3、. 下降_10. 想出; 提出_11. 允许某人做某事_consist ofbe/become known asas wellgo downcome up withallow sb. to do sth. . 完成句子1. 这样, 大学使用这种系统也成为可能。_ then became possible for universities _. (it作形式主语, 真正的主语是其后的不定式。)2. 贝尔纳斯李在大学期间利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑! Berners-Lee built his first computer while he was at university _! (us

4、ing an old television是现在分词短语充当方式状语。)Itto use the system as wellusing an old television3. 贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成了可能, 而不仅仅局限于大学和军队。Berners-Lee _, not just universities and the army. (make+sb. /sth. +adj. 作宾语补足语, 即“使某人或某物处于某种状态)made it possible for everyone to use the Internet. 语篇填空 根据对本局部文章的理解, 试着将下面表格补充完

5、整。(所填词数不限) The history of the 1. _WhenEventsResultsIn 1969DARPA 2. _ a way for all their computers to “talk ” to each otherFor 15 years, only the 3. _ could use this system. In 1984The US NSF started the NSFNET network. NSFNET became known as the“Internet”, and it became 4. _ for 5. _ to use the sys

6、tem. InternetdevelopedUS armypossibleuniversities6. _Berners-Lee 7. _ the idea of the World Wide Web. In 1991Berners-Lee 8. _ the World Wide Web. 9. _ could use the Internet. 10. _Much web traffic could be in Chinese. In1989came upwithinventedEveryoneBy2021【读而后思】1. From the third paragraph, what can

7、 we conclude? Chinese will become one of the main languages on the Web in the future. 2. What kind of people do you think Berners-Lee is? Intelligent, unselfish, great, determined. 1. contain vt. 包含, 包括; 容纳【语境领悟】The book contains all the information you need. 这本书里包含你所需要的所有信息。The box contains the chi

8、ldrens toys. 这个盒子里装了孩子们的玩具。The hall will contain 3, 000 people. 这个大厅可以容纳3, 000人。【易混辨析】containvt. 通常用来指某种容器中装有某物, 还指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质, 即指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内(不用于进行时态)includevi. /vt. 通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内, 其介词形式为including(不用于进行时态) 【巧学助记】 认清“包含The bottle contains water. Please include me in the list. 【即

9、学活用】用contain与include的适当形式填空。a. More than one thousand students have been admitted to this school, _ my brother/my brother _. b. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _. c. Her activities _ tennis and painting. includingincludedcontainedinclude(2021池州高一检测)In order to _ in a short time,

10、the actress ate a large amount of food _ much fat and protein(蛋白质). A. put on weight; containedB. put on weight; containingC. lose weight; containingD. lose weight; contained【解析】选B。考查短语辨析和非谓语动词。句意：为了能短时间内增肥, 那个女演员吃了大量富含脂肪和蛋白质的食物。put on weight增肥, lose weight减肥; containing much fat and protein作food的定语

11、, 即food与contain之间应为主动关系。应选B项。2. access n. 接近; 通路 v. 到达; 进入; 使用; 存/取数据【语境领悟】We gained access to the house through the window. 我们从窗户进入屋内。Every student has free access to the library. 每位学生都可自由使用图书馆。He gave me free access to his study. 他让我随意进他的书房。The file cannot be accessed by the system. 系统无法访问此文件。【归纳拓

12、展】(1)have/gain/get access to. . . (拥有或得到)的权利/时机(2)accessible adj. 可进入的; 可接近的; 可使用的be accessible to易接近的; 能进入的; 易受影响的Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. 药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。【即学活用】(2021淄博高一检测)It is well known that the Internet will let people have _ to huge amounts of informatio

13、n from their own homes. A. entrance B. way C. means D. access【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。句意：众所周知, 因特网会让人们从自己家里就可以获取大量的信息。have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近, 得以会见, 得以进入, 得以使用。应选D项。3. breakdown n. 故障【语境领悟】She has had a nervous breakdown. 她神经崩溃了。Our car had a breakdown on the motorway. 我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。【归纳拓展】【即学活用】用br

14、eak的相关短语完成句子。The police _ the crowd. 警察驱散了人群。The sun _ at last in the afternoon. 下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来。Her health _ under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。He _ the discussion with a shout of warning. 他大声警告, 打断了讨论。A fire _ during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。broke upbroke throughbroke downbroke intobroke out4. con

15、sist of 由组成【语境领悟】It consists of millions of pages of data. 它由数百万页数据组成。【归纳拓展】 consist with和一致; 符合consist in要点(特征)在于; 以为主要特征The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这个方案妙在简明扼要。Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与实践相一致。【名师点津】该短语通常不用于被动语态和进行时态, 相当于be made up of和be composed of。【即学活用】一句多译。一

16、支足球队由几名队员组成? How many players does a football team _? =How many players is a football team _? =How many players _ a football team? consist ofmade up of/composed ofmake upThe colorful design _ sixty candles and a flag appeared on the people square on October 1. A. consists of B. consisting ofC. to co

17、nsist of D. consisted of【解析】选B。考查动词短语的非谓语形式。句意：这个包含有60支蜡烛和一面国旗的彩色图案在10月1日出现在了人民广场上。consist of意为“组成, 没有被动语态和进行时态, 排除D项; 分析句子结构, 可知此处应该用非谓语动词形式。C项表动作发生在将来, 不符合题意。应选B项。5. go down (价格、价值、程度、数量等)下降【语境领悟】 At the moment, about 80 percent of web traffic is in English, but this percentage is going down. 目前,

18、大约80%的网络信息是用英文传输的, 但这个比例正在下降。It seems that the price wont go down. 物价好似不会下跌。The sun will go down soon. 太阳很快就要下山了。【易混辨析】go down不及物动词词组, 无被动语态, 某物“下降”, 某物作主语。其反义词为 go upbring down及物动词词组, 有被动语态, 某物“下降”, 某物作宾语。其反义词为bring up 【巧学助记】 巧记“升与“降 【即学活用】 The price of petrol was _ recently. 汽油的价格最近降下来了。brought do

19、wnWith the doctors careful treatment, the babys high fever _. A. took off B. came upC. went down D. picked up【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在医生的细心治疗下, 这个婴儿的高烧退了。go down降低, 下降, 符合题意。take off起飞; come up上来, 上涨; pick up捡起, 拾起。6. come up with 提出(方案、解决方法等); 赶上【语境领悟】 He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1

20、989 while he was working in Switzerland. 他1989年在瑞士工作时, 提出了万维网的想法。Lets walk slowly so that they may come up with us. 我们走慢些吧, 这样他们才可能赶上我们。【归纳拓展】【易混辨析】come up with提出(主意、想法、计划等), 主语为“人”, 宾语为主意、想法、计划等(不用于被动语态)come up(问题、方案等)被提出, 主动形式表被动意义【即学活用】完成句子。Jane is not good at sports, but _ cooking, shes excellen

21、t. 简对运动不擅长, 但是说到厨艺, 她可是顶级的。The question _ at the meeting. 这个问题在会上已经被提出来了。when it comes tohas come upWhen is her new novel _? 她的新小说何时出版? I _ an old friend this morning. 今天早上我碰见了一个老朋友。Can you tell me how the accident _? 你能告诉我事故是怎么发生的吗? coming outcame acrosscame about7. Berners-Lee built his first comp

22、uter while he was at university using an old television! 读大学时, 贝尔纳斯李利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑! 【句式分析】【想一想】本句中using an old television是现在分词短语充当方式状语。通过下面例句看看现在分词还可以作哪些状语? He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。Not knowing what to do, the child had to ask his mother for help. 由于不知道怎么办, 这个孩子不得不向妈妈求助

23、。Working hard, youll surely succeed. 努力工作, 你肯定会成功的。He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了, 打死了一个过路人。Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外, 他仍去上课。【参考答案】伴随状语, 原因状语, 条件状语, 结果状语, 让步状语。【即学活用】 (2021天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched. A. left B. t

24、o leave C. leaving D. having left【解析】选C。考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：他起晚了, 匆匆忙忙赶到办公室, 结果连早餐都没碰。He与leave之间为主动关系, 故用其现在分词形式。(2021陕西高考) _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad. A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们站着长长的队, 等着商店开门买一个新的iPad。根据主句和分句之间的逗号可知这里只能选A或者B, B

25、选项是不定式, 不定式置于句首常作目的状语, 而这里需要用现在分词作伴随状语。应选A项。1. design vt. &vi. 设计, 拟定, 筹划, 意图【语境领悟】The houses are specifically designed for old people. 这些房子是专为老年人设计的。It is designed as a textbook for a one-term course. 它可用作一学期的教材。The television program is designed to educate and not merely entertain. 这个电视节目是为了教育而设计的

26、而不仅仅是为了娱乐。【归纳拓展】 design sth. for为设计, 指定某物作某种用途be designed for/to do sth. 专为而做(设计)be designed as. . . 被设计为by design成心地【即学活用】It is said that he is writing a book _ children under six. A. designing for B. designed forC. designed to D. designing to【解析】选B。句意：据说他正在写一本专门给6岁以下的儿童读的书。be designed for专为而设计。2.

27、permission n. 许可【语境领悟】You need permission from the World Wide Web before you can access information. 你需要得到万维网的允许才能获取信息。The teacher gave me permission to go home early. 老师准许我早点回家。If you want to leave the class, you should ask for the teachers permission. 如果你要离开课堂, 应该得到老师的许可。【归纳拓展】(1)ask for (ones) pe

28、rmission请求(某人的)许可without permission未经许可 (2)permit v. 允许permitn. /pron. /doing允许permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事This product has been patented (获得专利), and copying is not permitted. 本产品已申请专利, 仿冒必究。【即学活用】完成句子。You cant take photographs here _. 未经许可你们不能在此处拍照。My parents dont _ with you. 我父母不准我和你一起去。without p

29、ermissionpermit me to go(2021天津高考)Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A. to carry B. carryingC. to be carried D. being carried【解析】选A。考查动词用法。句意：乘客只被允许携带一件手提行李上飞机。permit sb. to do sth. 的被动形式为sb. be permitted to do sth. , 故答案为A。3. as well也, 还(通常放在句尾)【语境领悟】It then b

30、ecame possible for universities to use the system as well. 然后, 大学里使用这种系统也成为可能。She sings; she plays the piano as well. 她唱歌, 也弹钢琴。【归纳拓展】 may/might as well 不妨; 最好B as well as Anot only A but also B 除了A还有B; 不但A而且BI can speak Chinese as well as English. (= I can speak not only English but also Chinese. )

31、我不但会说英语, 也会说汉语。(此结构中, 先译后者, 即“不但后者, 而且前者。)You may as well make full use of QQ to chat with your friends. 你不妨充分利用QQ与你的朋友们聊天。【名师点津】(1)as well as连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的单复数视前者而定, 即应使用“就前原那么。 (2)as well as 连接两个相似局部时, 强调前者。【即学活用】The little girl can ride a horse and swim, and she can shoot _. A. as well as B. as we

32、ll C. either D. also【解析】选B。as well“也, 多用于口语, 通常置于句末, 符合题意。as well as和一样好, 后面需接名词; either通常置于句末, 常用于否认句中; also通常不置于句末。The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going【解析】选C。as well asn. /pron. 短语结构不影响句子的主谓关

33、系, 即句子主语是The father, 由every Sunday afternoon可知谓语应用一般现在时态的第三人称单数。4. become known as 作为而知名; 被称为; 叫做【语境领悟】NSFNET became known as the Inter-Network, or “Internet. NSFNET作为“互联网络或者“因特网而闻名。The place becomes known for its green tea. 这个地方以它的绿茶而知名。It is well known to us all that he is a kind man. (=As is know

34、n to us all, he is a kind man. = As we all know, he is a kind man. )众所周知, 他是个好心人。【归纳拓展】 be known/famous for因而知名be known/famous to为所知; 被所知【即学活用】 The actor who _ his performance died last week. A. is known for B. is known asC. known for D. known to【解析】选A。考查定语从句及固定用法。句意：那位以表演而知名的演员上周去世了。在who引导的定语从句中, 空

35、格处所填词作谓语, 应含有be。be known for因而知名, 符合句意。而be known as表示“作为而知名, 不符合句意。5. at the moment 目前, 现在【语境领悟】 Sydney is the third most expensive city in the world at the moment, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit index. 据经济学家情报单位指数分析, 目前悉尼的生活本钱居世界第三。The number is busy at the moment. Try again later. 这个

36、号码目前正忙。过会儿再试试吧。【归纳拓展】at any moment在任何时候at the moment of在时刻for the moment目前for a moment片刻, 一会儿in a moment一会, 立刻at the last moment在紧要关头from the first moment从一开始就of the moment现在的, 目前的the moment(连词)一就【即学活用】选词填空。Could you keep an eye on my suitcase _? _ the cruel queens shoes were turned into red-hot iro

37、n. Actually, Im busy _. Can I phone you back later? for a moment in a moment at the momentfor a momentIn a momentat the moment6. compare with 与相比【语境领悟】 Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 将这个与那个比较一下, 你就会知道哪个比较好了。He compares the girl to the moon in the poem. 他在诗中把那姑娘比作月亮。Compare

38、d with/to her achievements, her shortcomings are, after all, only secondary. 同她的成绩相比, 她的缺点毕竟是第二位的。【归纳拓展】(1)compare. . . to. . . 把和比较; 把比作compared to/with. . . 与比较起来(作状语)(2)comparison n. 比较; 对照in comparison with和相比较A train is slow in comparison with a plane. 同飞机相比较, 火车慢。【即学活用】完成句子。In my opinion, _ Ma

39、ria Sharapova, Li Na played tennis better. 我个人认为, 相比玛利亚莎拉波娃, 李娜打网球打得更好。compared with/to _ your list _ other students, and youll find the mistakes you have made. A. Compared; to B. Compared; withC. Comparing; to D. Compare; with【解析】选D。考查句型：祈使句+and+陈述句。句意：把你所列的清单与其他同学的比较一下, 你就会发现你所犯的错误了。祈使句应用动词原形, com

40、pare. . . with. . . “把和相比较。7. Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. 贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成了可能, 而不仅仅局限于大学和军队。【句式分析】该句中使用了make的复合结构, it 为形式宾语, 真正的宾语是其后的不定式。 She made her child wash his hands before eating. 她要孩子在吃东西前洗手。I had to speak loud to make

41、 myself heard. 为了让别人听见, 我不得不大声讲话。We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house. 我们认为把孩子单独留在家里是不对的。【名师点津】 make复合结构小结 “make+宾语+宾语补足语是一个常用句式, 其中作宾语补足语的可以是动词原形、形容词、名词或过去分词。(1)当make后的宾语是不定式或that从句, 宾语补足语是形容词或名词时, 往往借助于it作形式宾语, 而把真正的宾语放在后面。同样用法的动词还有：find, feel, think等。(2)当make用于被动语态

42、时, 宾语补足语省略的动词不定式符号to要加上。同样用法的词还有：watch, notice, hear等。【即学活用】(2021陕西高考)No matter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A. him B. this C. that D. it 【解析】选D。考查it作形式宾语。句意：无论他在哪儿, 他在早饭前散步是个规律。根据主句的意思, 可知这里需要用it作形式宾语。真正的宾语是不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。英语中只有it才能作形式宾语,

43、其他的词都不可以。应选D。 . 单词拼写The computer is one of the most wonderful _(创造). 2. The fruit which _(包括)all kinds of vitamins sells well. 3. _(登录)on this website, and you can find more useful advice. 4. The desert is _(可进入的)only by helicopter. 5. The government plans to _(创造)more jobs for young people. inventi

44、onscontainsLogaccessiblecreate6. The _(设计)of the car is similar to that of the earlier models. 7. Humor is a more effective _(防御)than violence. 8. The _(故障)of the computer system is caused by the new virus. 9. Our local library will be a useful _(来源) of information. 10. He has stored many important

45、_(文件). designdefencebreakdownsourcedocuments. 用所学的单词或短语填空1. While her mother was cooking, she _ (想出) a good idea. 2. All students _ (有权使用) the school library now. 3. The class _ (由组成) 68 students now. came up withhave access tois made up of/consists of4. His wife as well as his children _ (invite) t

46、o the party yesterday. 5. The value of the dollar has _ (下降) again. 6. Im going to America to spend the holiday, and Tom is going _ (也). 7. Marys success _ (使成为可能) for her to be a singer. was invitedgone downas wellmade it possible. 单项填空1. You cant enter the building without _ permission. Ive lost _

47、 permission card. A. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. /; /【解析】选C。句意：没有许可你不能进入该楼。我把许可证丢了。without permission “擅自, 未经允许是固定搭配, 第二个空为特指, 故用the。【变式训练】The students were not _ to leave the classroom without permission. A. permitted B. admitted C. hoped D. avoided【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：未经许可, 学生不准离开教室。permit允许; admi

48、t成认; hope希望; avoid防止。只有permit sb. to do sth. 符合题意, 应选A项。2. The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain. A. contains; includes B. is containing; includingC. includes; contains D. contains; including【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含; 容纳, 侧重内容; include意为“包括, 侧重组成局部; including为介词。contain和include都不能用于进行时态。书

49、中含有40幅地图, 侧重书的内容, 所以第一个空用contains; 第二个空应用介词including, 后面接宾语, 表示“包括。应选D项。3. The United Kingdom _ Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A. is consisted of B. is made upC. consists of D. consists in【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意：联合王国包括大不列颠及北爱尔兰。consist of无被动语态, 故A项排除; be made up of=consist of组成, C项符合句意; consist in要点(特

50、征)在于; 以为主要特点, 不合句意。4. Facing the fast growth of the population, scientists will have to _ new methods of increasing the worlds food supply. A. come up to B. come toC. come upon D. come up with【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：面对快速增长的人口, 科学家必须要想出增加世界粮食供给的新方法。come up with“提出, 想出, 符合题意。5. I dont think _ possible to m

51、aster a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 【解析】选D。考查形式宾语it的使用。句意：我认为如果没有大量的外语知识记忆想掌握一门外语是不可能的。此句中it为形式宾语, 而to master. . . 为真正的宾语。6. Nowadays when people talk about close-magic tricks, the first one _ comes into their minds is Liu Qians. A. whom B. which C. that D. what【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：如今当人们谈论起近景魔术时, 第一个映入他们脑海的就是刘谦表演的那些。先行词是the first one, 而又因为one前有序数词修饰, 只能选择that。【知识拓展】定语从句中“取that“弃which之五点(1)领先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。(2)领先行词被形容词的最高级形式修饰时。(3)领先行词被序数词或the very, the only, the last修饰时。(4)领先行词被the same修饰时, 用that表示同一件物品, 用as表示