中药名称的译法探讨

1、中药名称的译法探讨第1页，共72页。(一)、中药名称的拉丁语翻译甘草：Radix Glycyrrhizae天麻：Rhizoma Gastrodiae枳壳：Fructus Aurantii秦艽：Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae第2页，共72页。板蓝根 Radix Isatidis大青叶 Folium Isatidis麦芽：Fructus Hordei Germinatus阿胶：Gelatina Corii Asini第3页，共72页。神曲：Massa Medicata Fermentata焦三仙：Massa Trimedicata Usta饴糖：Oryzanosum Cu

2、m Malto鸡黄：Ovum Centracithale Galli第4页，共72页。例如：赵崧，郑子春，沈洪.实用临床医药杂志2011年第15卷第7期基金项目：十一五“国家科技支撑计划”项目。 (江苏省中医院消化科；南京中医药大学)地榆、白芷、白蔹在溃疡性结肠炎大鼠中的作用及机制探讨Effects of Radix Sanguisorbae，Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Cortex Dictamni on the ulcerative colitis rats第5页，共72页。地榆 Radix Sanguisorbae （拉丁） Garden Burnet R

3、oot （英文）白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae（拉） Angelica Root （英文）白蔹 Cortex Dictamni（拉丁） Ampelopsis Root（英文）第6页，共72页。当归-桃仁药对配伍特点及其效应物质基础研究Study on the correlation of chemical constituents and activities of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Semen Persicae 中华中医药杂志2011年10月第26卷第10期-P2415刘立（南京中医药大学江苏省方剂研究重点实验室）【点评】用拉

4、丁语翻译中药名称第7页，共72页。桃仁Peach Seed (Kernel) Semen Persicae （拉丁）当归Chinese Angelica Root Radix Angelicae Sinensis（拉丁）第8页，共72页。玄参HPCE指纹图谱的研究Study on HPCE Fingerprint of Scrophulariae Radix 南京中医药大学学报2011年9月第27卷第5期-474宋建平.盐城卫生职业技术学院;韩乐. 南京中医药大学关键词：玄参Key Words: Scrophulariae Radix【点评】用拉丁语翻译中药名称玄参Radix Scrophul

5、ariae （拉丁）Scrophulariae root；Figwort Root (英语)第9页，共72页。生长激素联合续断对去垂体幼龄大鼠生长及骨代谢的影响Effect of Growth Hormone Combined with Radix Dipsaci on the Body Growth and the Bone Metabolism of Hypophysectomized Rats 中国中西医结合杂志2011年12月第31卷第12期P1690刘应科、张知新. 卫生部中日友好医院儿科关键词：续断Key words: Radix Dipsaci【点评】用拉丁语翻译中药名称第10页

6、，共72页。巴戟天药物血清对成骨细胞生物学特性的影响Effect of medicated serum of Radix Morindae Officinalis on skeletogenous cell bionomics 中华中医药杂志2010年6月第25卷第6期：846凌昆，赵诣，郭素华（福建中医药大学）国家自然科学基金关键词：巴戟天Key words: Radix Morindae Officinalis【点评】用拉丁语翻译中药名称第11页，共72页。传统寒热药对附子大黄配伍研究. 中药与临床2010.1(1)The study of compatibility mechanism

7、of traditional Han-Re cooperation of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei关键词附子；大黄；配伍Key wordsRadix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata；Radix et Rhizoma Rhei；compatibilit基金项目国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)第12页，共72页。二、中药名称的英语翻译用拉丁语翻译中药名称虽然易于规范、易于区别，但却难以辨认、难以上口。因为拉丁语是一种死亡了的语言，就是在西方，能熟练应用拉丁语的人也不多。第13

8、页，共72页。“拉丁语遭冷落，植物学家用英语命名新物种”参考消息2012年1月21日星期六：植物学新规定使用英语得以取代拉丁语来记录物种，从1月1日起生效。在至少400年里，全球的植物学家依赖拉丁语作为他们的通用语，但这种热情已经冷却。从文艺复兴时期起拉丁语就是国际植物学家的语言了。第14页，共72页。1采用英语植物名称对译中药名称。例如：大黄：rhubarb代代花：bitter orange flower鸡冠花：cockscomb flower蒲公英：dandelion herb贯众：basket fern第15页，共72页。2拉丁语英语化。如：栝楼：trichosanthes fruit（

9、拉丁语为Fructus Trichosanthis）黄芩：scutellaria root（拉丁语为Radix Scutellariae）黄芪：astragalus root（拉丁语为Radix Astragali seu Hedysari）黄连：coptis root（拉丁语为Rhizoma Coptis）第16页，共72页。王建云中国中西医结合杂志2011年5月：667国家重大新药创新课题(北京中医药大学东直门医院消化科)人参大黄瓜蒌角药配伍对动脉粥样硬化进程中血脂四项及相关促炎因子的影响Effect of Triangle Drugs as Ginseng, Trichosanthes

10、kirilowii Maxim and Rhubarb on the level of Blood Lipids and Related Pro-inflammatory Cytokines During the Process of Treating Artherosclerosis 第17页，共72页。胡雅君中国中西医结合杂志2010年11月：1157 黄芪对宫颈癌患者Th1/Th2细胞功能调节作用Regulatory Effect of Astragulus injection on Th1/Th2 Cell Function in Patients with Cervical Canc

11、er第18页，共72页。红花注射液防治游离皮瓣移植术后血管危险的临床研究Clinical Study of Safflower Injection in Treating and Preventing the Vascular Crisis after Free Flap Transplantation中国中西医结合杂志2011年10月第31卷-P1322 石宁宁等（河南省洛阳正骨医院手外显微外科治疗中心）基金项目：国家中医药管理局中医药科学技术研究专项课题【点评】用英语翻译中药名称第19页，共72页。甘草对小肠隐窝干细胞增殖中p53mRNA稳定性及其表达的影响Effects of Licor

12、ice on p53 mRNA Stability and Expression during the Proliferation of Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells中国中西医结合杂志2011年12月第31卷第12期P1604贺毅. 张娴 贺毅：广州中医药大学第二附属医院中心实验室。广东省自然基金资助项目关键词：甘草 Key words: Licorice【点评】用英语翻译中药名称第20页，共72页。黄连与黄芩配伍时主要有效成分溶出率变化规律研究Variation of dissolution rate of main active ingredient of com

13、patibility of coptis and scutellaria 中华中医药杂志2010年4月第25卷第4期：613胡律江，赵晓娟（江西中医学院药学院）关键词：黄连，黄芩Key words: Coptis , Scutellaria【点评】用英语翻译中药名称第21页，共72页。菟丝子含药血清对成骨细胞代谢调控的影响Effect of Dodder-Containing Serum on the Metabolic of Osteoblasts In Vitro关键词：菟丝子Key words: Dodder seed （Semen Cuscutae）杜波.中医杂志2011年11月第52

14、卷第22期:1951【点评】用英语和拉丁语翻译中药名称第22页，共72页。（三）、音译中药名称经过多年对外交流，中药已逐步为西方有关人事所熟悉。他们虽然不会中文，却能准确地说出中药的中文名称。这无疑是中国医药在国际上影响不断扩大的结果。人们感到无论采用拉丁语还是英语翻译中药名称，都不如直接采用汉语拼音音译为好。所以近年来人们已开始尝试采用汉语拼音音译中药名称。第23页，共72页。桑叶：Mulberry leaf（Sang Ye）枇杷叶：Loquat leaf (Pi Pa Ye)地龙：Earthworm（Di long）牡蛎：Oyster Shell （mu li）（di long）帝隆第24

15、页，共72页。一条三环路，三个英文名Sanhuan RD 三环路、散欢路、伞患路3 RD Ring-Expwy （Expwy是expressway高速公路的缩写）Sanhuan Thrwy （Thrwy是throughway高速公路、直达道路 的缩写）北京、上海三环路统一译为3rd Ring Rd第25页，共72页。 （四）、“三保险”或“四保险”的翻译方式。在西方，为了保证中药名称翻译的准确性，一般都采用“三保险”或“四保险”的翻译方式。所谓“三保险”，就是汉语拼音、英语和拉丁语同时并用翻译中药名称，上面的四个例子就属于“三保险”式翻译。所谓“四保险”，就是在“三保险”的基础上再加上“汉字”

16、。 第26页，共72页。厚朴：Houpo (magnolia bark; Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)甘草：Gancao (licorice root; Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis)半夏：Banxia (pinellia rhizome; Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae)当归：Danggui (Chinese angelica root; Radix Angelicae Sinensis)第27页，共72页。杜波.中医杂志2011年11月第52卷第22期:1951菟丝子含药血清对成骨细胞代谢调控的影响关键词：菟丝

17、子Effect of Dodder-Containing Serum on the Metabolic of Osteoblasts In VitroKey words: Dodder seed （Semen Cuscutae）第28页，共72页。 中医杂志2011年4月中医常山治疗酒精依赖患者30例临床研究Clinical Research on Changshan （Radix Dichroae）in Treatment of 30 Alcohol Dependence Patients第29页，共72页。 下面罗列一些伤寒论中常用中药，希望同学们能掌握。第30页，共72页。Ephedra

18、 麻黄Herba Ephedrae ma huang Characteristics: Acrid and slightly bitter in taste, warm in nature, and attributive to lung and urinary bladder channels.Effects: Inducing diaphoresis, allaying asthma and inducing diuresis.第31页，共72页。Indications: Exterior syndrome of excess type due to affection by pathog

19、enic wind-cold; cough and dyspnea due to attack of pathogenic wind-cold, and obstruction of the lung-qi; edema with exterior syndrome; arthralgia due to dampness-cold, carbuncles of yin nature, subcutaneous nodules, etc.Administration: Decoction: 1.5-10g. 第32页，共72页。Cinnamon Twig 桂枝Ramulus Cinnamomi

20、gui zhiCharacteristics: Aromatic in odor. Acrid and sweet in taste, warm in nature, and attributive to heart, lung and urinary bladder channels.Effects: Dispelling pathogenic factors from the exterior of body by diaphoresis, warming the channels and reinforcing yang.第33页，共72页。Indications: Exterior s

21、yndrome due to affection by pathogenic wind-cold, arthralgia syndromes due to wind-cold-dampness, obstruction of qi in the chest, chest pain, palpitation and slow pulse with irregular intervals, phlegm retention due to deficiency of yang, and also amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal masses due to pa

22、thogenic cold in the blood, etc.Administration Decoction: 310g.第34页，共72页。 Coptis Root 黄连Rhizoma Coptidis huang lianCharacteristics: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, and attributive to heart, liver, stomach and large intestine channels.Effects: Clearing away heat, drying dampness, purging fire and re

23、moving toxins.第35页，共72页。Indications: Damp-heat syndrome manifested as diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting; febrile disease marked by high fever, unconsciousness and delirium, dysphoria, insomnia, dark urine, hematemesis, epistaxis; suppurative infection on the body surface, swollen and sore throat, etc.Ad

24、ministration Decoction: 210g.第36页，共72页。 Rhubarb 大黄Radix et Rhizoma Rhei dai huangCharacteristics: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, and attributive to spleen, stomach, large intestine, liver and pericardium channels.Effects: Relieving constipation by purgation, clearing away heat and toxins, purging

25、fire, promoting blood circulation, normalizing functioning of the gallbladder and curing jaundice.第37页，共72页。Indications: Constipation due to stagnation in the bowels, hematemesis and epistaxis due to invasion of blood by heat, sore throat, gum swelling and pain due to flaring up of fire, skin and ex

26、ternal disease, jaundice, and other diseases caused by blood stasis.Administration Decoction: 312g. For purgation, decoct later (only boil for 15 minutes) or soak in the boiled water for oral use.第38页，共72页。 Trichosanthes Fruit 瓜蒌Fructus Trichosanthis gua louCharacteristics: Sweet and bitter in taste

27、, cold in nature, and attributive to lung, stomach and large intestine channels.Effects: Clearing away heat from the lung, resolving sputum, promoting flow of qi to soothe chest oppression, moistening the bowels to relieve constipation.第39页，共72页。Indications: Cough due to the lung-heat with symptoms

28、of thick sputum, unsmooth expectoration, chest pain due to obstruction of qi in the chest, feeling of fullness and stuffiness in the chest, carbuncles of breast, pulmonary abscess and dryness syndrome of the intestines with constipation.Administration Decoction: 1030g.第40页，共72页。 Bitter Apricot Kerne

29、l 杏仁Semen Armeniacae Amarum xing renCharacteristics: Bitter in taste, warm in nature, slightly toxic, and attributive to lung and large intestine channels.第41页，共72页。Effects: Relieving cough and asthma, and moistening the intestine to relax the bowels.Indications: Cough, dyspnea, and constipation due

30、 to dryness syndrome of the intestine.Administration Decoction: 310g.第42页，共72页。Poria (Tuckahoe) 茯苓Poria fu lingCharacteristics: Sweet and bland in taste, mind in nature, and attributive to spleen, heart, lung and urinary bladder channels.第43页，共72页。Effects: Promoting diuresis to eliminate dampness, i

31、nvigorating the spleen and tranquilizing the mind.Indications: Edema, dysuria due to fluid retention within the body; lassitude, anorexia and loose stool due to deficiency of spleen; palpitation and insomnia.Administration Decoction: 1020g.第44页，共72页。 Prepared Aconite Root 附子Radix Aconiti Praeparata

32、fu ziCharacteristics: Acrid in taste, hot in nature, toxicity, and attributive to heart, kidney and spleen channels.Effects: Recuperating depleted yang to rescue the patient from collapse, supplementing fire of the vital gate to strengthen yang, and dispelling cold to relieve pain.第45页，共72页。Indicati

33、ons: Yang-exhaustion syndrome marked by spontaneous cold sweat, cold limbs, indistinct and faint pulse; kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, characterized by aversion to cold, cold limbs, aches in the loins and knees, spleen-yang deficiency syndrome manifested as gastric and abdominal cold pain, loose s

34、tool; edema, dysuria due to deficiency of both the spleen and kidney and wind-cold-dampness pain.第46页，共72页。Administration Decoction: 315g. Caution: Crude herb is poisonous but its toxicity is reduced by preparation. Most of the poisonous components are destroyed after the herb is boiled for more tha

35、n one hour. Contraindicated for pregnant women.第47页，共72页。 Dried Ginger 干姜Rhizoma Zingiberis gan jiangCharacteristics: Acrid in taste, hot in nature, and attributive to heart, lung, spleen and stomach channel Effects: Warming the middle jiao, recuperating depleted yang to rescue the patient from coll

36、apse, warming the lung and resolving the retention of fluid.第48页，共72页。Indications: Cold syndrome of spleen-stomach with cold pain in abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea; deficient cold syndrome of spleen-stomach; yang-exhaustion syndrome; retention of cold-fluid in lung with cough and thin expectoration.

37、Administration Decoction: 310g.第49页，共72页。 Oyster Shell 牡蛎Concha Ostreae mu liCharacteristics: Salty and astringent in taste, slightly cold in nature, and attributive to liver and kidney channels.Effects: Calming the liver, suppressing hyperactivity of the liver-yang, softening and resolving hard mas

38、ses and inducing astringency.第50页，共72页。Indications: Irritability, dizziness, tinnitus, palpitation, insomnia, dreaminess, caused by hyperactivity of yang due to deficiency of yin; subcutaneous nodule, scrofula and goiter due to accumulation of phlegm-fire; sweating due to debility, seminal emission,

39、 enuresis, leukorrhagia, etc.Administration Decoction: 1530g (crushed and decocted first). Powder: 23g tid. External use: Appropriate amount.第51页，共72页。 Ginseng 人参Radix Ginseng ren shenCharacteristics: Sweet and slight bitter in taste, warm in nature, and attributive to spleen, lung and heart channel

40、s.Effects: Replenishing the qi, invigorating the spleen and lung, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, tranquilizing the mind and improving mental power.第52页，共72页。Indications: syndrome due to deficiency of qi, deficiency of spleen-qi, deficiency of lung-qi, thirst and diabetes du

41、e to impairment of body fluid, irritability, insomnia and palpitation induced by fright.Administration Decoction: 310g; 1020g for shock. 第53页，共72页。 Licorice Root 甘草Radix Glycyrrhizae gan caoCharacteristics: Sweet in taste, mild in nature, and attributive to spleen and stomach channels.Effects: Invig

42、orating the spleen, replenishing qi, moistening the lung, arresting cough, relieving spasm and pain, and moderating the properties of other drugs.第54页，共72页。Indications: Deficiency of the spleen-qi and stomach-qi, short breath, asthenia, poor appetite and loose stool; cough, dyspnea, suppurative infe

43、ctions on the body surface, food or drug poisoning, spasm and pain of the extremities, etc.Administration Decoction: 310g; up to 30g for deficiency of heart-qi, food and drug poisoning.第55页，共72页。思考题：人参、甘草、附子、大黄、黄连、黄芩、麻黄、桂枝、牡蛎性味、功效、归经清热燥湿、泻火解毒、活血化瘀、润肠通便、利尿祛湿安神、平肝潜阳、回阳救逆，软坚散结。孕妇禁用Contraindicated for p

44、regnant women.第56页，共72页。方剂的译法方剂Science of traditional Chinese prescriptionScience of traditional Chinese formulasFormulary Prescriptionology 第57页，共72页。从目前的翻译实践来看，方剂名称大都用音译。 第58页，共72页。中医杂志2011年12月第52卷第24期:2106 国家重点基础研究发展计划李燕敏 北京市朝阳区中医医院不同剂量大黄附子细辛汤治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效对比观察Effect of Different Dose of Dahuang Fuz

45、i Xixin Decoction on Chronic Renal Failure 第59页，共72页。大黄黄连泻心汤治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性胃炎的临床观察中国当代医药 2013年3月Clinical observation of Hp positive chronic gastritis treated with rhubarb coptis xiexin decoction【关键词】大黄黄连泻心汤；幽门螺杆 菌；慢性 胃炎；临床观察Key wordsRhubarb coptis xiexin decoction；Helicobacter pylori；Chronic gastritis；C

46、linical observation第60页，共72页。中医方剂常见剂型及其翻译汤：Decoction 散：Powder丸：译为Bolus（大丸药）、Pellet（小丸药）或Pill颗粒、冲剂: Granule片：Tablet 胶囊：Capsule方：Formula、recipe第61页，共72页。汤：Decoction不同剂量大黄附子细辛汤治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效对比观察Effect of Different Doses of Dahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction on Chronic Renal Failure 中医杂志2011年12月第52卷第24期-2106 李燕敏

47、 北京市朝阳区中医医院第62页，共72页。丸：Pill大黄蟅虫丸对大鼠肺纤维化形成阶段肺与脑组织中神经递质的影响Influence of Dahuang Zhechong Pills on Neurotransmitter in the lung and Brain Tissues in the Formation Stage of Pulmonary Fibrosis of Rats中医杂志2011年10月第52卷第19期-1676 宋建平 河南中医学院基础医学院第63页，共72页。散：Powder湿阻中焦证模型胃肠水通道蛋白2的表达分布谱及平胃散的干预作用Expressional Distribution Spectrum of Aquaporin 2 in Gastrointestinal Tissue of Animal Models with Damp Retention in the Middle Jiao Syndrome and