参考基本课件ii sentence stress zhx

1、II Sentence StressDefinition :我们在朗读英语或用英语交谈时,并不是句子中的每个词都读得一样响亮,一样清楚,而是有些词读得或说得又轻又快,而且较为含糊,有些词则读得或说得又重又慢,而且较为清晰。那些读得或说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。Function：1.体现句子的节奏感和韵律感。 2.突出重点,使听者更容易理解。判别句子重音的四原则1、一般性原则2、新信息原则3、强化性原则4、对比性原则一般性原则Content words(Infromation words实词): nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, interrogati

2、ves and numeralsFunction words(虚词,功能词): auxiliary verbs, possessive adjectives, relative conjunctions, prepositions, articles“实强虚弱”1、名词:一般都重读There is a book on the desk.My sister put up a picture on the wall.John wants to see the teacher after class.An elephant is an animal.1、名词:一般都重读Notes：一些含义较广，本身

3、没有很确切内容的名词,如thing, person, place, 或指一大类人或事物的名词，如 man, woman, fellow, time, ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读Thats a nice thing. (比较： Thats a nice picture.) Hes an easy person to get along with. Hes the right man for the job. Its already lunch time. (比较; Its time for lunch.)2、形容词:一般都应重读The sky is blue.The

4、streets are wide, clean and beautiful.Its a dull and disappointing film.Thats exciting news.3、数词:一般都应重读His first daughter is fifteen.Her second son is twenty five.He bought ten cups and I bought only four.3、数词: One作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读Thats a good one. How are the little ones? Youve got the wrong one, I

5、 want the green one.4、动词:主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词 （notional verb）都要重读 （be、have 除外）He takes a walk after supper every day.Dont forget your homework.I suppose you know him.非限定动词一般也都要重读 不定式 We decided to start the next day.分词 We sat at the desk writing a letter.动名词 Its no use asking him about that.5、副词:大部分副词需要

6、重读They can speak English fluently.They came back early yesterday. Where did you buy it? Why do you come? You meet people everywhere. Ive never heard of such a thing before6、代词:常重读的代词有 1. 指示代词：this,that,these,those This is not what I mean.That isnt the one I asked for.Do you like ()these flowers？但如指示

7、代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音How do you like those little ones ？ Who wrote this interesting story ？6、代词:常重读的代词有 2.表示强调的反身代词:myself, ourselves, himself, etcHe himself cooked the dinner.We ourselves bought the ticket.I saw it myself.The man himself told me so.3.不定代词: many, few, some, plentyWe are many, they ar

8、e few.Some are boys, some are girls.4.疑问代词 : who, whatWho are you talking to?What can I do for you?6、代词:常重读的代词有 5. 名词性物主代词: mine, yours, his, hersYours is much nicer than mine. The red one is his.但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读 Im writing to a friend of mine.7.感叹词 ：感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读 Ah! Oh! Ugh! Eh? Fancy! Good

9、ness!Nonsense! Hello! Indeed! How awful!但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高Ah no! Oh well! Oh dear!1. 冠词:一般都不重读 a, an, theHe lives in a house not far from the school.Its an hours drive from the old station.The man over there is my brother.An elephant is an animal.2.不重读的代词有：人称代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词He

10、 hasnt seen my brother yet.He hurt himself when he was playing football.They often help each other.The girl who spoke to you just now is my sister.3. 不重读的动词助动词: do, does, did, have, has, will, shall He did not work hard for the exam.We were impressed by their achievements.Much has been said about it

11、.They will be surprised at that.情态动词: can, may, must, could, might Mary could do it better than Herbert. I must go now.Who can answer this question?3. 不重读的动词Notes: 助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读I dont want to go there today.He wasnt surprised when I told him the news.We cant stay any longer.Dont you think yo

12、u shouldnt say such things?We must do it now, mustnt we?3. 不重读的动词Notes: Do 用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的I do hope this will be effective.He does need your help.We did warn you before.3. 不重读的动词以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读; 用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读 ()Have you any brothers and sisters? Yes, I have.()Are

13、you a student? Yes, I am.()Can you come this afternoon? Yes, I can.He said more than he should at the meeting. I dont want to go there, but I must.4. 连接词：单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词both and neithernor等）和从属连词都不重读 He came and spoke to us. I saw it but didnt read it. Lets run or well be late. That takes both time

14、 and energy. Neither you nor I can solve the problem. I suggest that we give up the plan. He was angry with me because I was late. The professor was busy writing when I went to see him.4. 连接词：连接词词组 其中重要的词要重读，还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读 If only I knew how to do it. Hell help us on condition that we trust him. W

15、ell start tomorrow even if it rains. They have never met ever since 1980. The meeting will begin as soon as the guests come. Youll succeed so long as you work hard. Its such a pity that you cant come. He spoke so fast that I could hardly follow him.Will you try again supposing you fail? I must go th

16、ere although it is raining. The school bus will leave directly thebell rings. You can never succeed unless you work hard.4. 连接词：从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读 （that 除外） When he comes Ill introduce him to you. After Ive finished it Ill show it to you. As I was waiting for the bus, it suddenly began to rain. 但

17、 That we can do it without him is absurd.4. 连接词：连接代词who (whom, whose) what, which 和连接副词when, where, how, why 可以重读，也可以不重读。 I wonder who that was. Ask him which is better. I dont know how they are. Im not sure when hes coming. I cant understand why he refuses to go. Do you see what I mean? He doesnt k

18、now what he should do next.5. 介词：单音节介词一般都不重读 All but one of the family are at home.How far is it from Paris to London? What are you looking at? Thats what I was thinking of.5. 介词 Notes: 多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读 Ill do it ()after lunch. He finished the article ()during the holidays.The man walked a()long the

19、 street.He searched a()mong the papers. I forgot all a()bout it. I have nothing to say con()cerning this problem. Put it opposite the door.5. 介词：在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读 Theyre by the window. He was in the sitting-room. Is it near the post office? The teacher was with us at the picnic. It w

20、as during the interval.He was beside himself with rage. They are behind the door. 5. 介词 Notes: 介词在句首时常可重读 On his way home he met an old friend. In the room they found a little boy. Under the tree stands a tall man. 6.不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况：任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读-How many times have you been the

21、re? -Three times. The boy shouted to the other boys. -They want strong men. -Very well. I am strong. Study as Lenin studied. A new committee has been set up and Dr Li is on the committee.6.不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况：名词 street 在街名中不重读 Oxford Street Downing Street Eighth Street Wall Street但road, avenue, lane, w

22、ay, hill, town, park, palace等词在街名地名中都要重读York Road West Lake Hyde Park Buckingham Palace Hampton Court 6.不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况：一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语 railway journey 坐火车旅行（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行） pleasure trip 旅游（区别于因事旅行） high school 中学 safety razor 安全剃刀 life-saving appar

23、atus 救生装置 door handle tennis ball camping ground golf club violin string examination paper6.不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况：指示代词 this, that, these, those有时没有很强的指示意味，其意义很接近于冠词the，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提到时，这些指示代词不重读 He managed this matter wonderfully. It is necessary to take these measures. He couldnt bear the gaze of those

24、eyes.在 this morning, this afternoon, this evening 等词组中，this 不重读such 后面跟有强调的词时不重读such a curious shape such quantities of wood 如果后面的词不可能重读时，则重读 suchSuch a thing should never have happened. 6.不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况：副词so在 think so, do so等词组里不重读 I think so. I didnt say so. I believe so. Who told you to do so?副

25、词so, now, then用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读So he went into the garden. Now listen to me carefully. Then dont forget to write to me after you arrive there. 6.不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况：某些插入语不须重读 Im afraid hes not coming.Hes not coming, Im afraid.Please sit down. Sit down, please.He said, “Im sorry.” “Im sorry,” he said. 37

26、节奏 O o O O o O go to sleep not so fastlend a hand try againcut the bread make the teanot enough look insidedo it now have a drinkpractise hard What is that?Whats for? sing a songwrite it down have a gowhore you? half an hourcold as ice cant be done38但是句子重音并不是一成不变的，我们也可不拘泥于句子重音规则，每个句子就其说话者而言都有需要强调的字词

27、，那么我们在说这句话的时候，强调的某个词即可。此时，句中其它词的重音便相对减弱，甚至完全失去重音。因此，我们在日常交流中应该根据侧重点或思想感情的变化灵活使用句子重音，以便准确地表达出自己的意思。比如： I went to the teachers office yesterday!39 昨天我去了老师的办公室。重读黑体字：1、昨天我去了老师的办公室。2、昨天我去了老师的办公室。3、昨天我去了老师的办公室。4、昨天我去了老师的办公室。5、昨天我去了老师的办公室。401、I went to the teachers office yesterday!重读I强调的是我不是别人2、I went to

28、 the teachers office yesterday!重读went强调的是我去过了。3、I went to the teachers office yesterday!重读teachers强调的是老师的，不是别人的办公室。4、I went to the teachers office yesterday!重读office强调的是老师的办公室不是其他地方。5、I went to the teachers office yesterday!重读yesterday强调的是昨天不是其他时间。41Conclusion: Stress(1) Content words名词（nouns）形容词（adjectives）动词（verbs）反身代词（reflexive pron）数词（numerals） 不定代词（indefinite pron）副词（adverbs） 疑问代词 (inte