题型二 阅读理解 （一）选择型阅读理解

1、英 语软件使用编辑修改便捷操作本课件使用WPS2019版本制作，建议老师使用相应软件打开本课件全文可单击进行编辑修改目录、返回目录都有超链接，点击即可跳转至相应页面课件说明题型二阅读理解 考情概览1 微技能讲练2(一)选择型阅读理解考情概览 分析安徽近6年中考真题可知，选择型阅读理解呈现以下特点：1. 文体：说明文(6年11考)、记叙文(6年8考)、应用文(6年6考)、诗歌(2017年B篇)。2. 话题：(1)说明文：说明介绍(6年9考)、中西方文化(6年2考)；(2)记叙文：慈善公益(6年4考)、教育引导(6年2考)、生活故事(2021C篇)、外国名人(2016年A篇)；(3)应用文：网站调

2、研、旅游景点、传统文化、诗歌、机器人、学校生活等。3. 词数：记叙文词数为170250，生词13个；说明文词数为170260，生词04个；应用文词数为110280，生词03个。4. 考查方式：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义(组)猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题，共5大题。其中2021年，推理判断题中新增推断文章结尾题。 阅读理解题主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力。安徽选择型阅读理解有5种设题方式：细节理解、推理判断、词义/句意猜测、主旨(段落)大意、标题归纳。针对不同的设题类型，我们可以运用不同的解题技巧。微技能讲练 微技能讲练微技能1 细节理解 微技能2 推理判断微

3、技能3 词义/句意猜测微技能5 标题归纳 微技能4 主旨/段落大意主要考查学生运用略读、跳读、扫读等技巧快速浏览文章，发现文章中的细节信息，抓取关键信息，定位到原文中来解题。此技能比较简单，此处不做详细讲解。微技能1 细节理解(6年57考)微技能2 推理判断（6年26考）1. 常见设问方式(1)针对文章中细节的推断：What can we learn/know/infer from the passage/. paragraph/sb.s words？(6年5考)We can infer/learn from the passage/Paragraph X that.(2018.81, 201

4、6.76)Which of the following best describe .？(2021.66, 2016.87)What can we learn about.？(2016.80)(2)根据文章体裁和内容判断文章出处：Where is (does) the passage probably (come) from？(2020.58, 2016.78)In which part of a magazine can we read the text？(6年4考)In which part of a newspaper can this passage be taken from?(3)

5、推断文章写作意图、结尾和后续发展：Whats the purpose of the text? (2021.69, 2019.74)What is the end of the story? (2021.64)What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph? (2020.72)2.解题技巧 解答推理判断题时考生切记，推理判断题必须把握的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。 方法 1 针对文章中细节的推断(6年11考) 此类试题要求考生根据文章的某个或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息进行

6、逻辑推理，推断出作者没有明说的内容、可能发生的事情或某事物的特征等，旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意的能力。典例剖析 (2021安徽阅读B节选)“Mike does well in all subjects，” his mother said.“When he has difficulties, he will try to find a way out.” His father was satisfied with Mikes nonacademic(非学业的)achievements. “They mean much more，” his father said.61.

7、What can we learn about Mikes parents?A. They are proud of their son Mike.B. They help Mike with all subjects.C. They care more about Mikes grades.D. They work in the same company. 剖析：根据Mike父母话语中的关键词“does well in all subjects”，“was satisfied with”可推知，Mike父母为Mike感到自豪。故选A。方法训练Paragraph 1(2021宁波阅读A节选改编

8、)I would really recommend (推荐) that you read this book, especially if you like fairies(仙子), dragons, magic, adventures(冒险) and surprises. It is the best book that I have read all year. There was nothing I did not like about this book, except that it should have been longer!1. Who are the main reader

9、s for this book review?_A. The students in writers class.B. The teachers in writers school.C. People who have read the book.D. Kids who are interested in adventures.D 方法 2 根据文章体裁和内容判断文章出处(6年6考)此类试题要求考生能够根据文章特点推断文章的出处。针对此类试题，考生需要根据文章的语言特色、内容以及一些关键词来进行推断。如：报纸前会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；广告的用词和格式都很特殊。典例剖析(2021安徽阅读A

10、节选)If you have problems describing people, dont worry! Well use popular film characters(角色)to help you learn some useful words.58. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?A. Sport. B. Travel.C. Environment. D. Language.剖析：由本段第二句中的“help you learn some useful words”可推断出，本文应是出自杂志的语言部分。故选D。方法训练

11、Paragraph 2(2021重庆B卷阅读B节选改编)Five people were waiting for an interview in a room of a company(公司). Inside the room, they could do whatever they liked, except using the phone or the Internet.On the first day, all of the five people were excited. They were imagining their bright future. But there was n

12、o interview.On the second day, they came again for the interview. But to their surprise, there was no news about the interview. Two of them got upset.On the third morning, they arrived earlier. Still, no news came. By midday, most of them were irritated(生气的). Some thought the company did not care fo

13、r them. Some regretted coming here. Only one man was different. He was happy all those days. He kept smiling while the others complained(抱怨)At the end of that day, the boss appeared. To their disappointment(失望), the boss said that their interview had ended and only one of them was chosen. It was the

14、 man who kept happy. Then the boss added, “We want someone who can keep happy in whatever situations. Keeping happy is an ability！”2. Where does the text probably come from?_A. A dictionary. B. A poster.C. A magazine. D. A notice.C 方法 3 推断写作意图(2021.69, 2019.74)此类试题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的

15、，在阅读理解中较常考查。解题方法如下：通过文章主旨来推断；通过文章的文体来推断。典例剖析(2021安徽阅读D节选)According to the finding of a new UN report, the world wastes about onesixth of the food each year. Thats about 1，030，000，000 tons, or 121 kilograms for each person on the Earth.Then what can we do to stop food waste? Small actions make a diff

16、erence. Each of us can play a part. Next time, before you throw, think twice!69. What is the purpose of the text?A. To collect money. B. To call for action.C. To get some advice. D. To express thanks.剖析：根据最后一段第一句“Then what can we do to stop food waste？”，可知，文章的目的是为了号召人们行动起来。故选B。方法训练Paragraph 3(2021连云

17、港阅读B节选改编)March 2 is Old Stuff Day (旧物日). It is all about old stuff. Things you used have been forgotten for ages in your home. You must have some old stuff around. And today is all about enjoying it. Because whats better than finding something really great from days gone by?3. What is the purpose of

18、 the text?_A. Realize value of old stuff.B. Explore new technology.C. Produce more old things.D. Remember family history.A 方法 4 推断文章结尾(2021.65)此类试题要求考生根据文章的叙述，针对文章结尾进行合理推断，此类试题为2021年安徽新增考查方式。考生可通过文章的故事情节进行推断，并抓住最后一段中的细节性描述，从而推断出文章结尾。典例剖析(2021安徽阅读C节选)The next minute I heard the singing of the wagtail

19、( 鹡鸰) again. He was flying back and two large magpies(喜鹊) followed. They landed on either side of the young magpie, and then put their beads in the air and sang excitedly.65. What is the ending of the story?A. The magpie broke both his wings again.B. The magpie flew away with the wagtail.C. The magp

20、ie got together with his parents.D. The magpie returned to the writers home. 剖析：根据该段第二、三句可知，小喜鹊被父母包围着，它们头仰天兴奋地唱起歌，由此可以推断出，喜鹊和它的父母团聚在一起了。故选C。方法训练Paragraph 4(2021日照阅读B节选)Dad came home then and brought the boys a local newspaper, in which there was news about football scouts(球探) from England visiting G

21、hana(加纳). These scouts had asked to be allowed to visit schools to look for players of the future. Adibe and Senze looked at each other and cheered. “Wow, Im going to be like Essien！”And they started arguing(争论) which one would make it as a superstar.Mavis decided to take this chance. She stole out

22、of home. When she arrived at the playground, one player happened to get injured(受伤) and the coach was worried. “I can take his place！” Mavis shouted. Though it was unbelievable to let a girl play, the coach agreed. During the second half, she made an amazing(惊奇的) shot!4. Whats the probable ending of

23、 the story?_A. Mavis had to find a job.B. Mavis was chosen by the scouts.C. Mrs. Muntari said sorry to Mavis.D. Mavis changed the womans role.B 方法 5 推断文章后续(2020.72)此类试题要求考生梳理文章结构，根据文章中的提示性语句推断出作者的思路和续写内容。典例剖析 (2020安徽阅读E节选)The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling(吹口哨) fro

24、m far away. For facetoface conversations, they speak Spanish. But when they need to speak over a distance (距离), they whistle.Whistling is popular at La Gomera, and many methods of whistling are used .72. What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?A. Disadvantages of whistling.B. Stories o

25、f a top whistler.C. Different methods of whistling.D. Examples of good whistlers.剖析：根据最后一段中的“many methods of whistling are used”可推知，后文应是接着介绍吹口哨的不同方式。故选C。方法训练Paragraph 5(2021南充阅读A节选改编).Welcome to Alleyns School. Our school is big and it has 600 students aged 1315. However, it only had 100 students an

26、d four teachers when it was open on September 10th, 1961.Other roomsWe have a wellequipped(设备精良的) music room for music lessons, a computer room of thirtytwo computers and a large staffroom(教师室) for teachers to have a rest during lunch time.5. What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph?_A.

27、 Address. B. Playground.C. PE. teachers. D. Music room.B 方法 6 推断代词指代内容(2020.64)此类试题的考查角度主要为：猜测代词的指代内容。解答此类试题方法如下：根据题干，定位代词在原文中的位置；阅读代词所在句的前、后句或者上、下文，明确语义逻辑，结合选项初步确定答案；将答案代入原文，核查语义逻辑，得出正确答案。典例剖析(2020安徽阅读C节选)Keeping a diary helps a lot. Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel be

28、tter. It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.64. What does the underlined word “them” refer to(指的是)?A. Studies. B. Bad feelings.C. Friendships. D. Brains.剖析：本题代词“them”在最后一句，再结合前文

29、的“get over”可知，应指代前文的“bad feelings”。故选B。方法训练Paragraph 6 (2021重庆B卷阅读C节选改编)After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the worlds first quantum satellite(量子卫星), and Change4 has made a soft landing on the

30、 moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.6. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to(指的是)?_A. The earth. B. Mars.C. The moon. D. The sun.B 方法 7 根据作者的思想倾向和情感色彩推断观点和态度(2021.66, 2016.87)此类试题旨在考查考生在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态

31、度进行分析、判断的能力。解题方法如下：对题干中的关键词进行定位分析；利用文中描写环境、表达感情色彩、观点态度的词语或句子进行推断；利用文中相关人物的直接引语判断其观点态度；切勿用自己的观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。典例剖析(2016安徽阅读D节选)He has raised $400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then. It gives money to projects which help homeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking to support a childre

32、ns charity(慈善组织)in Tampa, Florida. He finished his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer of 2009, he trekked(跋涉) about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, DC., in just two months.“As long as there are homeless kids, I will never stop walking for them.”Zach says.8

33、7. Which of the following best describes Zach?A. Friendly and shy. B. Silly but lovely.C. Kind and helpful. D. Clever but lazy.剖析：根据文章最后两段可知，Zach经常帮助无家可归的孩子们，由此可推知他是一个善良且乐于帮助的人。故选C。方法训练Paragraph 7(2021河南阅读B节选)“Fifty years ago, I liked throwing stones because I had no other boy to play with and I bec

34、ame very skillful. One day I went to work for an old couple who were very friendly to everybody, even to the birds. And the birds seemed to love the old couple, too. For seven years a bird had come and built her nest (鸟巢) in the same place.7. Which word can best describe the old couple? _A. Kind. B.

35、 Strict.C. Proud. D. Funny.A 方法 8 巧用数字去推断 (2020.66, 2016.85)此类试题的解题方法如下：分析题干，对应到原文；将题干关键信息和原文进行对比、分析、计算，得出正确答案；再次检查，确定答案。典例剖析(2020安徽阅读D节选) To protect finless porpoises(江豚) and the Yangtze River, the government has stopped people from fishing on the river. In 2019, Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary(志

36、愿的) team with 12 other fishermen. Today the team has more than 50 members. All of them are over 60 years old. “We want to protect the river while we can，” said Xiao.66. How many members were there in the team when it was formed?A. 12. B. 13. C. 50. D. 62.剖析：由题干中中心词“formed”可对应到本段第二句，从而得出队伍由Xiao Liuyi

37、ng和其他12名渔民组成，11213。故选B。方法训练Paragraph 8(2021宜宾阅读A节选)Cup of coffee: US $ 5.18Fast food meal: US $5.668. How much will you pay for two cups of coffee in Singapore?_A. US $ 16.58. B. US $ 13.66.C. US $ 11.32. D. US $ 10.36.D微技能3 词义/句意猜测(6年7考)此类题目在设置时，需要猜测的词汇大都为生难词汇，少量涉及熟词生义(2017.80)，句意猜测多为同义句的转换。考生需要重点掌

38、握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。常见设问方式如下：(1)词义猜测题What does the underlined word “.” in Paragraph . (probably) mean？(6年5考)The (underlined) word “.” (in Paragraph .) (probably) means “ _ ” (in Chinese)(2016.86) (2)句意猜测题What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence？(2018.82)What does the sentence “.” mean?

39、 方法 9 根据上下文语境猜测词义/句意(6年4考) 此类试题解题方法如下：根据题干定位需要猜测的生词在原文中的位置；阅读生词所在段落，明确段落大意，推测生词所在句的句意；结合选项，选出答案，并将答案代入原文，确保符合文意和逻辑。典例剖析 (2021安徽阅读C节选)With my care, the young magpie(喜鹊) was doing well, but he was not happy to find himself in a cage (笼子). Several days later, his wings were fine and nothing else was br

40、oken. He recovered. I decided to drive him to where he was found. When I arrived, I got the cage out of the car and opened the door. I offered my arm. He jumped onto it and looked around. I could see he knew where he was.64. What does the underlined word “recovered” mean?A. 康复 B. 求救 C. 挨饿 D. 唱歌剖析：根据

41、画线单词所在句的前句“Several days later, his wings were fine and nothing else was broken.”可猜测“recovered”意为“康复”。故选A。方法训练Paragraph 9(2021河北阅读D节选改编)If you say, “I cant do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “Ill try”creates wonders. Lets remember that there will be obstacles in our life

42、. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent(坚持不懈的) action.9. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?_A. 危险 B. 想象 C. 奇迹 D. 困难DParagraph 10(2021陕西阅读B节选改编)Since

43、the 1950s, the amount(数量) of water people use has increased by three times. But the water supply(供应) hasnt. Scientists worry that soon there wont be enough water for us, as well as for the animals and plants that share our world. What can we do to help? Use water wisely.Having enough water isnt our

44、only problem.We also need it clean Right now, ships and factories are putting wastes into seas, rivers and so on. Even chemicals(化学品) that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes. All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink. It can also harm fish and other waterliving lives.10. Wh

45、at does the writer mean by the underlined sentence?_A. We also need water to wash things.B. We also need water that looks clean.C. We also need to keep water clean.D. We also need to discover clean water.C 方法 10 通过生活常识猜测词义/句意(2020.67)此类试题要求考生根据已有的生活经验或常识来推测词义/句意。典例剖析 (2020安徽阅读D节选)Every week, the tea

46、m go along the river to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river. Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station, while some that can be reused is sold. So far, they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste. Thanks to their hard work, the Yangtze River is getting clearer.

47、67. What does the underlined word “disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. 处理 B. 传播 C. 救护 D. 保养剖析：根据画线单词所在句可知，该句介绍了对所搜集垃圾的两种处理方式，再结合选项和生活常识可推断“disposal”应为“处理”。故选A。方法训练Paragraph 11(2021山西阅读B节选改编)In 2016, Felix Bock, a doctoral student(博士生) at the Univer-sity of British Columbia, Canada, found out people thr

48、ew away about 10, 000 pairs of chopsticks every day in Vancouver(温哥华) alone. He felt the need to do something. So he started the company(公司) ChopValue in the same year. The company collected used chopsticks from restaurants, schools and shopping centers in Canada and the US and turned them into furn

49、iture(家具) and other artworks. Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people, and using his special methods of steam(蒸发) and press machines, he has recycled 32 million pairs of chopsticks.11. What does the underlined word “employs” mean?_A. 指责 B. 雇佣 C. 奖励 D. 面试B

50、方法 11通过举例猜测词义/句意(2018.73)恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要的线索。如根据such as, for example, like, including等词的前后，或者是破折号前后内容来猜测画线单词的意思。典例剖析 (2018安徽阅读A节选)Flying kitesKites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and We

51、ifang kite. Each has its own feature. For example, the birdshaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.73. What does the underlined word “feature” mean in the text?A. 特征 B. 地貌 C. 五官 D. 影片剖析：根据画线单词所在句后一句中的“the birdshaped kite with long wings”可知“feature”表示“特征”。故选A。方法训练Paragraph 1

52、2Consider consumer robotics(消费机器人). Theres huge potential(潜力) for robots to help us. But home robotics companies(公司) seem to keep folding. For example, social robotics maker Jibo closed in March after raising almost $ 73 million.12. What does the underlined word “folding” mean?_A. 关闭 B. 分开 C. 生长 D.

53、操作A 方法 12 通过“逻辑关系”猜测词义/句意(2016.86)有时作者为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，通过反义关系(but、however、unlike等)、同义关系(and、like、also等)及因果关系(because、since、so等)等逻辑关系来表达。因此考生可通过掌握逻辑关系来猜测词义。典例剖析(2016安徽阅读D节选)He has raised$400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then. It gives money to projects which help homeless childr

54、en. In 2007, Zach began walking to support a childrens charity(慈善组织) in Tampa, Florida. He finished his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer of 2009, he trekked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, D. C. , in just two months.86. The underlined word “trekked

55、” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”A. 延伸 B. 挖掘 C. 跋涉 D. 飞行剖析：由前文中的词汇“walking”与“journey”可猜测“trekked”应表示“跋涉”。故选C。方法训练Paragraph 13(2021江西阅读C节选改编)Whether as workers or objects of affection (钟情), dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds

56、of wild dogs have nearly disappeared(消失) from the Earth. However, the domestic dogs special place as “mans best friend” has allowed it to survive (存活) in a human world.13. The underlined word “domestic” probably means “_”A. 经过训练的 B. 聪明的C. 饥饿的 D. 有价值的A 方法 13通过定义或释义关系猜测词义 定义或解释形式多样，常由call，mean，refer t

57、o，be called，be known as等词汇或者使用冒号、破折号、引号等来引出内容，对该生词加以解释或定义。典例剖析(2021绍兴阅读C节选改编)Living in a village provides him with unique experiences, he says, quite different from busy life in big cities，such as Shanghai，where he studies. And he has been a pleasant surprise to the villagers as well. Villager Bao M

58、ingyue, 76, says，“To our surprise，the young Russian not only knows how to cook Chinese food but is interested in working in the fields.”39. What does the underlined word “unique” mean?A. 普通的 B. 特殊的C. 相似的 D. 困难的剖析：根据画线单词所在句及后半句中的“he says, quite different from busy life in big cities.”可知答案。故选B。方法训练Par

59、agraph 14(2021南充阅读C节选改编)Ambience was important in playing the guqin. Finally, it was practiced in a quiet setting and never for public performance. Ancient artists enjoyed performing by a stream(小溪) in the mountains. The sound of the guqin mixed with the echoes(回音) from the mountains, until the musi

60、cian felt he was at one with nature.14. What does the underlined word “Ambience” mean?_A. 演奏技巧 B. 环境氛围C. 天气状况 D. 弹奏曲目B微技能4 主旨/段落大意(6年6考)主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上，对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳、概括或评价。1. 常见设问方式(1)What is/are the.mainly about？(6年5考)(2)The text is mainly about.(2016.82)(3)The text mainly talks about.2.